大学英语六级写作技巧.ppt

第六章 写作,第一节 基本介绍 第二节 作文框架 第三节 十句作文 第四节 常用句型,第一节 基本介绍,考试形式 考试内容 评分标准 常见问题,Back,考试形式,议论文 图表作文 应用文 120字，25-30分钟，15分。,Back,考试内容,议论文常见考试话题： 科技、教育、校园生活、就业、环境、交通、社会热点、文化、经济现象或热点等 常见图表作文： 线状图、饼状图、柱状图、流程图、表格等，关于社会现象、教育、就业、科技、消费、说明流程、经济发展等。 常见其他应用文： 演讲稿、书信、招聘、求职、失物招领等。,Back,评分标准,格式正确 结构明了 观点明确 语言通顺 语法准确 逻辑清楚 论证有力 语句、单词、短语、长短句、亮点,Back,常见问题,观点模糊 主题肤浅 偏离题目 结构杂乱 逻辑混乱 思路不清 语言不清 单词错误 句法紊乱 语法混淆,Back,第二节 作文框架,1、对立观点型 2、问题解决型 3、说明利弊型 4、阐述主题型 5、图表作文型 6、书信作文型 7、其它应用文 8、作文框架练习,Back,1、 对立观点型,基本模式： 1）引出话题 一种观点认为 另一种观点 我的观点 2）引出话题 一种观点认为 我的态度 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Selectively or Extensively. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 认为读书要有选择 认为应当博览群书 我的看法,范文,When it comes to the issue of reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively. Those who hold the first opinion think that ones time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively. As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesnt follow that one should read without discrimination. As ones time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It is a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to ones mind. If we dont read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.,练习1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Will Fast Food soon Take Place of Chinese Traditional Food. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 洋快餐在中国日趋流行，很多人对此感到十分忧虑。如：传统饮食习惯很快会被人们忘记等。 然而，我对洋快餐持肯定态度。 我认为那些人的忧虑没有必要。 Fast food But this trend has aroused some anxiety that Besides, some people think fast food can do harm to Although the popularity may cause some health problems, my attitude towards fast food is positive. The reasons are just as follows. For one thing,For another, As for the worry about the negative effect on Chinese traditional diet caused by fast food, in my opinion, In one sense,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 有人赞成实行安乐死 有人反对安乐死合法化 我的看法 Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some peopleOn one hand,On the other hand, However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly,Secondly,Finally, In my opinion, theres some truth in both arguments,练习2,Back,2、 问题解决型,基本模式: 1) 描述情况或问题 分析问题 我的对策和看法 2）提出问题 分析各种解决办法 结论 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Getting to know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 大学生了解社会的必要 了解社会的途径（如大众媒介，社会服务等） 我打算怎么做,范文,With the development of our society, the campus is no longer an “ivory tower” and students cant merely confine themselves to the campus. It is time for them to go out of the campus and know the world outside the “ivory tower”. For one thing, it can help the students have a better understanding of themselves so that they can modify their way in studies. For another, it will lay a solid foundation for their future career. Finally, they can enhance their abilities in management, organization and so on. There are many ways for students to get to know the outside world. Firstly, they can know the world from mass media, such as newspapers, TV, radio, magazines and advertisements which provide information about political events, social news, the latest development in science and technology and so forth. Second, they can know the world from social services, such as job-hunting and tutorship, which grant students wide opportunities to know the society. Third, students can also make some investigations in factories and villages, talking with the workers or farmers to learn their experiences. As a student, I think the first thing I should do is to study hard to lay a good foundation for my future job. The other thing I can do is to take some pert-time jobs to gain personal experience about the world outside the campus.,练习1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Problem of Piracy. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 盗版现象日益严重 盗版造成的不良后果 我对抵制盗版蔓延的看法。 Nowadays, the problems of For instance, Piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate products, inventors and writers in many ways in many ways. To start with What is more, pirated books In the long run, because In my opinion, it is high time that everyone started the battle against piracy. First, Besides, Finally, Only in this way can we wide the pirated products out of our life.,练习2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: College English Teaching in China. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 有人认为中国的大学英语教学很不成功（如大学英语毕业生英语说不好，听不懂，写不出） 认为失败的原因是 你的建议 Nowadays, there are more and more people complaining that After four-year English learning, most graduates To some extent, I think, it is reasonable for those people to say so. To begin with, Secondly, Finally, .For instance, . In conclusion, Chinese college English teaching is to be reformed,Back,3、 说明利弊型,基本模式： 描述某一现象或事务 分析其优点 分析其缺点 我的态度看法 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Keeping A Pet. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 养宠物有很多优点 宠物也会引起一些问题 我的态度,范文,Nowadays it is common to see people keeping a pet. For one thing, pets are good companions. This is especially important for people who live alone and for the old who do not go out much. Some pets can also help to protect the house from thieves. For another, dogs and cats like to play and can give hours of amusement to children and adults. Taking care of an animal also helps children to develop a sense of responsibility and to learn about the nature, However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. It may also give rise to some problems. For example, some pets are dirty and tend to transmit some sort of disease, worst of all, some dogs may attack and seriously injure small children for the reason that their owners dont train them properly or actually encourage them to be aggressive. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for lonely people and children. Meanwhile, it is, however, quite necessary to bear in mind that pets should be well trained lest they attack people.,练习1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Working at Homing. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 居家办公又很多优点，如节约上班往返时间等。 居家上班也有很多弊端，如孤独感，混淆生活与工作等。 我的看法。 Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, particularly computer and telephone technology, it has been made a reality that Generally, people enjoy working at home for the following benefits. For one thing for another, Most agreeable of all, While working at home allows much more freedom than working in office, some problems cant be ignores. For example, . Besides, Whats more,. For all the possible problems arising from working at home, I still believe,练习2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: My View in Reference Books. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 各种各样的参考书给学生们的学习提供了一定的帮助。 但是过分依赖参考书会产生许多负面反应。 我认为 Nowadays students constantly find themselves flooded with all kinds of reference books. Reference books themselves are of no harm. Generally speaking, most of them For example, However, depending too much on reference books has many negative effects. To begin with, Besides, worst of all, In my opinion, we should,Back,4、 阐述主题型,基本模式： 揭示蕴意 以例证展开论证 结论（号召或建议） 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品，为什么会有这种现象？ 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人，社会的危害。,范文,Nowadays there are countless fake commodities on the market. There are many reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, producers can profit a lot by making fake commodities because the cost of producing fake commodities is much lower. For another, businessmen can also profit a lot by selling fake commodities. Perhaps the primary reason is that our legal system is not sound and the punishment of illegal producers and businessmen is not severe. Fake commodities do great harm to society. In general, the harms can be listed as follows. First, fake commodities damage the consumers interests they deserve. If something goes wrong with the fake commodities after consumers buy them, the consumer will not have easy access to various free services provided by the producers. Besides, they also harm the credits of businesses because consumers will distrust the shops which sell genuine commodities. Worst of all, they will bring about potential dangers because using fake commodities of inferior quality will cause accidents and endanger consumers lives. Anyway, it is high time that fake commodities were banned.,练习1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 怎样理解有志者事竟成？ 例如， 结论 There is an old saying that “Where there is a will, there is a way”, which means. In other words, For example, However,. As a result,. Therefore,“where there is a will, there is a way.”,练习2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: My view on Discount. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 打折事商家吸引顾客一个手段。 近年来人们对商家打折的兴趣日益减少 打折不是市场的万能药。 Discount is But now There have been several reasons for this. For one thing, For another,. In my view, discount is not a cure-all for sellers,Back,5、图表作文,范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 图所示为1990年，1995年，2000年某高校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述起变化。 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途，价格和社会发展等方面加以说明）。 你认为目前大学生在使用计算机时会有什么困难或问题。,The above chart shows that students have easier access to computers. In 1990, college students spent less than two hours in a week on computers. In 1995, the number doubled and came to nearly four, and then increased dramatically to almost 20 hours in 2000. Several reasons account for the change. First, we are in the information age today. Computers are useful in editing and data processing; they make it easier for people to communicate with each other and they provide all sorts of information. Second, if a student wants to get a promising job after graduation, he must be good at computers. This stimulates the students interest in computers and encouraged them to have a good command of them. Third, the price is also an important factor. It cost much less to own a computer now. More and more students can afford them. But some problems also arise. Some students spend much time playing computer games and they pay no attention to their studies; some students would rather chat with others than explore information on the Internet. This will do harm to students. In a word, computers become very poplar among students now, and how to make full use of them had caused much discussion among people.,范文Student Use of Computers,练习1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: People Spend Their Holiday. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 1）上图所示为1900年，1995年，2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况，请描述其变化。 2）请说明其变化的原因 3）得出结论。 As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes inWhileIt is obvious from the table that What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follow. To start with, Whats more, Last but not least, In conclusion, More over,练习2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Why Do Summer Holiday Become So Terrible? Study the following cartoon carefully, and you should write at least 120 words. You should write out the massage conveyed by the cartoon, and then give your comments. WHY DO SUMMER HOLIDAYS BECOME SO TERRIBLE Look at the picture! Summer holiday is coming, but the boy is very unhappy. He is imagining a picture that is sure to happen in his summer holiday: He will have to study all along. He will study English, computer, drawing, piano, and many other subjects. Interesting activities such as swimming or playing games with friends will be out of the question. He cant help singing, “summer holiday is so terrible!” Why do summer holiday become so terrible? There are mainly two reasons, I think. The first, parents who have no summer holidays are always very busy. They are afraid that it will be dangerous for their children to go out to play without adults company. The second, parents are always expecting their child to know more than other children and have a better future. So they press their children to study hard in holidays. A man with a better future wont be a “study machine”. So, let children have a happy summer holiday. It is a good idea to send children to summer campus in summer holidays. They can know more about the world while smiling happily.,Back,6、 书信作文,首先判断是事务书信还是个人书信，前者要求格式严格，语言正式。要注意书信的格式。 1）称呼。称呼后正式信函用冒号，非正式信函用逗号。正式信函称呼是：Dear+头衔姓；非正式信函称呼是：Dear名字。正式信函中若不知收信人的性别和姓名，可用：Dear Sir/Madam：或 To Whom It may concern: 2）祝福语。正式信函无须客套话，若是朋友之间的信函，在正文语落款之间可以写一句祝福语。如：Best regards, Best wishes, With lots of love. 3）结尾客套语。首字母大写，后接逗号。收信人若是上级，可用Yours respectfully,或 Respectfully yours; 收信人若是亲友，可用 Yours affectionately, Love, With love, Lovingly yours, Yours most affectionate, Your most devoted, Your loving mother, ect；若是朋友，可以说Yours sincerely/cordially/faithfully/ever等。 4）署名。若是熟人，只写名字即可；给长辈或上级，属全名，并在全名前加Mr、Mrs、Miss、Ms。 5）附件。在署名下隔两行以“Encl”标明；若有多个附件，以“Encls.”标明。 如：Encls： A copy of my resume and a recommendation by Prof.Wang 6）附言。以P.S.标明。如：P.S. Do you know the new address of Peter? If yes, please let me know.(正式问题避免，以免留下不严谨形象) 7）两种书信内文格式。,全部块状结构,409 Northeast Twelfth Avenue Irving, Texas 75060 U.S.A February 12,1996 The Manager, Park Hotel, Brighton, England Dear Sir or Madam: I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who stayed at your hotel last year and has warmly recommended it to me. I expect to arrive in Brighton on June 23rd and would like a single room with a private bath. I shall be staying for five days and would like to have all my meals at your hotel. Would you please let e know whether you have a room available and how much may my stay is likely to cost? I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours very truly, Carol Hopper,变体块状结构,409 Northeast Twelfth Avenue Irving, Texas 75060 U.S.A February 12,1996 The Manager, Park Hotel, Brighton, England Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who stayed at your hotel last year and has warmly recommended it to me. I expect to arrive in Brighton on June 23rd and would like a single room with a private bath. I shall be staying for five days and would like to have all my meals at your hotel. Would you please let e know whether you have a room available and how much may my stay is likely to cost? I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours very truly, Carol Hoppe,范文,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an application letter: You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假如你是一名大学生，打算在暑假打工，请写一封求职信，内容可以包括你想申请的职位，你的资历以及兴趣爱好等。 Dear Sir or Madam, I wish to apply for the position of a part-time assistant you advertised in Qianjiang Evening during the coming summer vacation. I am a student of zhejiang University, which is only five-minutes walk from your shop. I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job, which, according to the advertisement, demands a multi-lingual person with some experience. Chinese is my mother language, and I have a fair mastery of English. As a keen traveler, I have learned some Japanese and French, and have acquired an understanding of the cultures of Japan and France. As for experience, I worked part-time as a waiter in a pizza hut. Therefore, I am confident that you will find my service satisfactory. Incidentally, could you please inform me of the rate of payment? I hope you will take my application into consideration favorably and entitle me to an interview at your convenience. I can be reached at 88888880. Thank you for considering my application again. I am looking forward to you