江苏专用高考英语专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破五推理判断_观点态度题课件.pptx

五、推理判断观点态度题,专题三 第二节 分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018浙江，C) As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.,Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.,In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.,The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”,语篇解读,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。,28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。,答案,解析,29.What has the use of cars in America led to? A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.,解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。,答案,解析,30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.,解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：,1.Whats the writers attitude towards.? 2.What is the authors opinion on.? 3.What does the author think about.?,二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项 1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。 (1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。 (2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 (3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。 (4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。,2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语： (1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。 (2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。,例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,随堂限时练,A (2018湖南衡阳第一次联考) Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs.She also has a 1reputation as a generous colleague.She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job.She has resigned because she refused to go on colluding (共谋) with the BBCs dishonesty about its failure to give women and men equal pay for equal work.,Gracie was recruited to the job，because she had all the talent and skills the BBC needed to 10cover the difficult international and domestic story of the rise of China.One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors，familiar names including Jon Sopel in Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East. Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.The results exposed an astonishing pay gap.They also showed Gracie that her employers had misled her.,Gracie sets out all her efforts to get her bosses to do what they had 8originally promised her，but they fail to respond adequately.Instead，they prevaricate(搪塞) and offer her a pay rise that still would not have delivered equality.They thought they could buy her off.They thought that the reputational hazard she was running would scare her away from the fight. The BBC is wrong this time! Gracie has chosen to design rather than give in because she thinks that it is her responsibility to stop the BBC doing something stupid.She is fighting for womens legal rights.,Gracie said she hoped she wouldnt be remembered as the woman who complained about money，but as a great journalist.She is proving that they are two sides of the same invaluable coin. Carrie Gracies 9dispute with the BBC isnt about moneyits about dignity!,语篇解读 文章讲述了原BBC编辑嘉莉格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。,语篇解读,1.What do you know about Carrie Gracie? A.She is very strict with her office colleagues. B.She has a good command of Chinas affairs. C.She was working together with Jon Sopel. D.She has a reputation of covering sports news.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs.”可知，嘉莉格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选B。,答案,解析,2.What does Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC? A.Equal pay for equal work. B.Better pay for more work. C.Apology for misconducts. D.Response to her complaint.,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors”可知，她要求同工同酬，故选A。,答案,解析,3.We can infer from the passage that the BBC . A.didnt promise Gracie equal pay with her male colleagues B.dismissed Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher pay C.was forced to pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal work D.kept the pay of its familiar names secret before last summer,解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前BBC一直对此保守秘密，故选D。,答案,解析,4.What is the authors attitude towards the BBC? A.Positive. B.2Vague. C.3Critical. D.Cautious.,解析 观点态度题。通过文章中作者对BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对BBC是持批评态度的，故选C。,答案,解析,B (2018陕西渭南质检) A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to 4depression.The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.,The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”.According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They wont tell that to their parents.,Dr Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into 5romance too early.During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.,Parents should watch for signs of depressioneating or mood changesand if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only 6maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.,语篇解读,语篇解读 一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。,5.Whats the main idea of the passage? A.Romance is a two-edged sword for adults. B.Parents should forbid their childrens love. C.Romance is good for young people. D.Puppy love may bring young people depression.,解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可能导致青少年抑郁。故选D。,答案,解析,6.Which of the following is more likely to have depression? A.Careless parents whose children are deep in love. B.Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness. C.Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions. D.Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选C。,答案,解析,7.What can be inferred from the passage? A.The older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance. B.Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly. C.Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents. D.Parents should help their children to be aware of signs of depression.,解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选A。,答案,解析,8.Whats the authors attitude towards puppy love? A.Confused. B.Disapproving. C.7Neutral. D.Scared.,解析 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”和第三段中的“Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选B。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1.The man from a mountain village is honest，which has earned him a good reputation nearby. _ 2.Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing，which made us confused. _ 3.He was a music critic.What I discovered was his critical writings. _,名声，名誉,模糊的,批判性的,4.He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure to pass the examination. _ 5.Love is when you take away the feeling，the passion，and the romance in a relationship and find out that you still care for that person. _ 6.As an adult，you should show some maturity and be considerate of other gym members. _ 7.Power is not really good or bad；it is neutral. _,抑郁,浪漫,成熟,中立的,(二)同义词语替换 8.Originally，we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didnt go in the end. _ 9.I didnt agree with the amount of money he gave me，so we had a dispute about how much money he owed me. _ (三)一词多义 10.cover vt.