lecture5underworld-副本.ppt

etymology,Narcissism is a word to mean an exceptional interest in and admiration for yourself. This word comes from a Greek name:_, which is also the name of a flower.,Reviewing,_ was struck to death, and he transformed to a fragrant red flower called hyacinth.,etymology,Reviewing,Laurel tree is transformed by_,Sunflower is transformed by_,allusion,“Love cannot dwell with suspicion.” is from the story of _and _.,Reviewing,constellation,Reviewing,Scorpio: Oct. 23Nov. 22,Orion,Lecture 5 Underworld,By Liying,Greek Mythology,realms of 3 brothers,Mount. Olympus,The Ocean,The Underworld,The Underworld,misty,gloomy,Abode of dead,III. Stories connected with the underworld,II. Major figures in the underworld,I. The composition of Underworld,Underworld,The underworld ruled by Hades, was a place inside the earth that was made up of three places.,1. The Asphodel Fields,3. The Elysian Fields,2. Tartarus,I. The composition of Underworld,This was a gray, shadowy, misty, and ghostly place. Here their souls wandered around like shadows.,1. The Asphodel Fields,People neither good nor evil went to the Asphodel Fields.,The Plains of Asphodel,The asphodel: one of the plants connected with the dead. Connection with death : grayish color of leaves and yellowish flowers, which suggest the gloom of the underworld.,The shades that dwelled here have no memories of their former lives, and experience neither joy, nor sorrow.,A pit, or an abyss used as a dungeon of torment that resides beneath the underworld, deeper than Hades kingdom of the underworld. The dead there had to suffer for eternity.,2. Tartarus,The worst humans & gods went to Tartarus.,Island of the Blessed,Heroic, kind, and noble people went to the Elysian Fields. Here they rested and enjoyed lives of luxury and bliss.,3. The Elysian Fields,The Elysian Fields,You could be sent to Earth to live another life after you died. If you went to the Elysian Field three times you could go to the Isles of the Blessed and never leave.,18 层地狱 in Chinese,Map of the Underworld,5 rivers in the underworld,Acheron (the river of sorrow, or woe); Cocytus (lamentation); Phlegethon (fire); Lethe (oblivion); Styx (hate),Acheron,Cocytus,Phlegethon,Styx,Styx,Styx,1. The river upon which even the gods swear. 2. In which Achilles was dipped to render him invincible.,The River Styx was the way to get to the underworld. To get across you must pay Charon, the boatman.,Lethe,The shades of the dead were required to drink the waters of the Lethe in order to forget their earthly life. In the Aeneid, Virgil writes that it is only when the dead have had their memories erased by the Lethe that they may be reincarnated.,Chinese myth,奈何桥 ；忘川河,黄泉路； 彼岸花,孟婆汤,Underworld rivers,II. Major figures in the underworld,1. Hades,2. Persephone,3. Charon,4. Cerberus,5. Three judges,6. Hypnos and Thanatos,7. Erinyes,With the worst fortune, he drew lots with his two brothers, and was made lord of the underworld.,Symbols associated with him are the Helm of Darkness that makes him invisible and the three-headed dog, Cerberus.,1. Hades,Chinese 阎罗王,- Queen of the Underworld,2. Persephone,Roman Name: Proserpina Goddess of the Underworld Daughter of Zeus and Demeter Abducted by Hades,The abduction of Persephone,While picking flowers with her friends, she was abducted by Hades. She screamed for help to her mother and companions.,Hermes, Ares, Apollo, & Hephaestus desired Persephone Demeter rejected and hid her daughter Hades came to Zeus for permission to marry her. Zeus answered that he could neither give nor withhold his consent.,Persephone and Demeter,Demeter,In revenge Demeter caused the crops to wither and die. Life came to a standstill.,Demeter forbidding the trees to yield fruit and the herbs to grow. The human in danger of extinction. Apollo eventually telling Demeter.,The Return of Persephone,Zeus forced Hades to return Persephone. Hades tricked her into eating pomegranate seeds. a compromise: spend 4 months of the year in Hades company, as Queen of the Underworld, and the remaining 8 months in Demeters.,Miracle of the revolving seasons,With Demeter, the earth blooms and bears fruit again, With Hades, the earth once again became a barren realm.,Hades and Persephone ruling the underworld,Ferryman of the dead, an underworld daemon (spirit) in the service of Hades.,3. Charon,He received souls of dead from Hermes, who gathered them and guided them to the shores. From there he transported them in his boat across the rivers Styx or Acheron to Hades.,The fee for his service was a single obolos coin which was placed in the mouth of a corpse at burial. those who could not pay the fee, or those whose bodies were left unburied, had to wander the shores for one hundred years.,He allow the spirits of the dead to freely enter the underworld, but allow none to leave.,4. Cerberus,Fierce, three-headed dog who guards the gates of Hades.,The past, the present and the future,Chinese culture-?,Aeacus, Radamanthys and Minos There were three mortals, who were granted immortality. All three were the sons of Zeus Pass sentence,5. Three Judges,Chinese judges,赏善司、罚恶司、察查司、崔判官。,崔判官,四大判官,Sleep (hypnos) and his twin brother death (Thanatos) are sons of Nyx (night) Hypnos lived in a cave; through this cave flowed Lethe. Thanatos: personification of death; Guide of the Dead,6. Hypnos and Thanatos,Chinese culture-?,etymology,a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion催眠,hypnosis,Thanatos / thanatology,Wish to die死的愿望 /the branch of science that studies death死亡学,A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as “those who beneath the earth punish whosoever has sworn a false oath”,7. Erinyes,Roman Name: The Furies “infernal goddesses“ Three Goddesses of Vengeance Tisiphone Alecto Megaera,The heads of the Erinyes were wreathed with serpents (compare Gorgon) and their eyes dripped with blood, rendering their appearance rather horrific.,How the dead went to the underworld?,crossing the Acheron River,Be ferried to the underworld by Charon,the soul of the deceased has to appear before 3 judges,a small coin was charged; placed under the tongue of the deceased by his family members.,to Elysium, which was said to be a place for the blessed, to Tartarus, which was said to be for those who were damned, to Asphodel, which was for the rest of ordinary people.,pass Cerberus, The watchdog,Let you in, not let you out,III. Stories connected with the underworld,1. Orpheus and Eurydice,2. Tantalus,3. Sisyphus,4. Ixion,5. Tiyos,6. Daughters of Danaus,1. Orpheus and Eurydice,Orpheus,A great musician,Apollo gave Orpheus a golden lyre & taught him to play it.,Beasts, trees, stones, rivers charmed by the music of his lyre.,Mothered by Calliope, one of the nine muses,Orpheus joined the Argonauts to capture the golden fleece, and helped the heroes resist the lure of the sirens.,An oak nymph,On their wedding day, Eurydice accidentally stepped on a poisonous snake and died instantly.,Eurydice,Orpheus travel to the Underworld and retrieve her,his music softened the hearts of Hades and Persephone, his singing so sweet that even the Erinyes wept,Hades allowed to take her back to the world of the living.,Condition attached,Orpheus must walk in front of her Not look back until reaching the upper world,but,Orpheus doubted that she was there ; He turned around to gaze on her face.,then,Eurydice vanished back into the Underworld,Then they tore him to pieces And he fell and die.,He offended Maenads (nymphs in the service of Dionysus) , because he had no interest in them.,In his despair he left human society and wandered in the Wild, playing only for the rocks and trees and rivers.,They threw his head in the river Hebrus, it continued to call for Eurydice.,Orpheus death,Nymphs finding his head And buried him.,Underworld again, he embrace her.,father of Pelops, Niobe and Broteas,a son of Zeus,He killed his son Pelops; He boiled his flesh in a pot; He served it at the banquet; To see if the gods could tell;,2. Tantalus,Cannibalism; human sacrifice and infanticide,He was made to stand chin-deep in water with all kind of sweet-smelling and delicious fruit dangling just over his head, but whenever he tried to drink or eat, the water would magically recede or the fruit would miraculously be lifted just out of his reach。,Punishment of Tantalus,Etymology,harass with persistent criticism or carping逗弄; 折磨,Tantalize,When someone is tantalized, the person goes through The same experience as Tantalus: sth. desirable is always just out of that persons reach.,Temptation without satisfaction,The gods sensed the plot, not eating it Demeter, deep in grief after the abduction of her daughter Persephone by Hades, absentmindedly ate the left shoulder.,Reason,Tantalus wished to test the gods, cut Pelops into pieces made his flesh into a stew, then served it to the gods.,Pelops,A beautiful youth, son of Tantalus,development,Pelops was reassembled and brought back to life, his shoulder replaced with one of ivory made by Hephaestus.,Result of Pelops,Taken to Mount Olympus by Poseidon Who taught him to drive the divine chariot,having a chariot race with King Oenomaus to marry his daughter Hippodameiathe,Thrown out Olympus by Zeus, angry at his father,the grandfather of Bellerophon.,3. Sisyphus,king of Ephyra,Clever; always Playing tricks,Deceive god,Eg. He saw zeus carry off the numph Aegina, and told her father, the river-god, in return for a spring of flesh water.,Zeus sent Thanatos (death)to punish him. But he managed to capture Thanatos and bind him in chains.,People can not die,Ares release Thanatos, who came after Sisyphus again.,He told his wife to leave his body unburied and hold no funeral ceremonies.,Trick 1,Trick 2,He begged to be allowed to return to earth to punish his wife. Once in the world, he refused to return to Hades. He was dragged back by hermes.,Sisyphus was made to roll a huge rock up a steep hill, but before he could reach the top of the hill, the rock would always roll back down, forcing him to begin again。,Punishment of Sisyphus,compelled to an eternity of useless efforts and unending frustration; The pointless or interminable activities a