2020版高考英语复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课后达标检测新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars(建议用时：30分钟) 阅读理解A(2019贵阳监测)Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful. It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973. The philosophy (哲学) behind it is：Say “Hello” and stop war.It sounds like a fine idea, but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” wont bring about world peace. Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.This might not be obvious. After all, its such a casual thing and requires so little effort. You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊), say “Hello”， and then its over.Although we might not realize it, a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person. Many people are lonely because theyre shy. They find it difficult to communicate with people, even though they want to. It leads to them feeling cut off.On this basis, maybe its a good idea, not just on Nov. 21, but every day, to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can. The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart. You might even make their day.Greeting other people is the easiest way to be politePoliteness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends. Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space.No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert：“Politeness is the flower of humanity” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义。1What is World Hello Day intended for?APhilosophyBPeace.CPoliteness.DWar.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nov21 is World Hello DayIt began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful”可知， 世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。2What has an effect on people most?ARaising heads to others.BDoing something casually.CMeeting in the school corridor.DThe simple act of saying “Hello”.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying Hello to someone can make a lot of difference”可知， 对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。3Why do some people feel lonely?AThey are unwilling to communicate with others.BThey are too shy to communicate with others.CThey are very fond of living alone.DThey dont like doing things as others do.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Many people are lonely because theyre shy.cut off”可知， 一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了，不敢和别人交流。4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should neglect a small thing.BSaying “Hello” to others is powerful.CThe flowers make the world better.DNo one is better than Joseph Joubert.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A Hello to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person”可知，向别人打招呼是有影响力的。B(2019长沙名校第二阶段测评)Scientists found gravitational waves as they watched the effects of two black holes running into each other and forming a much bigger one, a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime.Scientists “heard” the wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90 between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the U.S. That equipment let them glimpse the nature of black holesTogether they made up the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory (LIGO).Gravitational waves were first observed in September 2015 and the second detection(发现) occurred three months later. The third detection, which the astronomers called GW170104, was made on January 4, 2017. The astronomers believed their latest finding “provides clues about the directions in which the black holes are spinning”.“Black holes are beautifully simple. You just need two numbers to describe them completely: mass, how much they bend spacetime, and a spin, how much spacetime moves about them，” said Dr. Christopher Berry of the University of Birmingham, one of the researchers in the project. “But it takes lots of hard work to measure these from our data. We now have wonderful mass measurements, and are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes, which could give evidence for how they formed” The researchers said their discovery added further evidence to support Einsteins general theory of relativity and confirmed the existence of previously unknown black holes.More than 1, 000 scientists from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration were involved in the project along with an additional 280 researchers from the Europeanbased Virgo Collaboration. Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe, allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes. “We have further confirmation of the existence of stellar(恒星的)mass black holes that are larger than 20 solar masses. We didnt know they existed before LIGO detected them，” MIT researcher David Shoemaker said.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家们第三次探测到引力波，相对论再获证实，促进了黑洞研究。5Who pioneered gravitational waves?ADavid ShoemakerBChristopher Berry.CScientists from LIGO.DAlbert Einstein.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime”可知， 科学家们的这一发现发生在爱因斯坦预测此事件的一个世纪后，因此爱因斯坦是引力波的先行者。6How did scientists discover gravitational waves?ABy using laser beams.BBy joining vertical pipes.CBy using traditional telescopes.DBy following the orbit of black holes.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists heard the wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90 between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the US”可知， 科学家们是通过使用激光束来探测到引力波的。7What can we learn from the last three paragraphs?AMore than 2，000 scientists took part in the event.BScientists have already discovered spins of black holes.CGravitational waves contributed to black holes research.DThere is no way to find out how black holes are formed.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The astronomers believed their latest finding provides clues about the directions in which the black holes are spinning”和第四段中的“We.are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes, which could give evidence for how they formed”可知， 科学家们第三次发现引力波给黑洞的旋转方向提供了线索， 黑洞的旋转细节可能为它们的形成方式提供证据。即引力波对黑洞的研究有作用。故选C。8What do the scientists think of the application of gravitational waves?AIts controversial.B. Its promising.CIts limited.D. Its demanding.B解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe, allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes”可知， 科学家们希望引力波会提供一个完全不同的宇宙观，使得他们能研究使用传统望远镜可能发现不了的事情， 即他们认为引力波的运用很有前景。故选B。 七选五(2019成都毕业班摸底测试)Everyone dreamsIf youve ever tried to figure out the meaning of a strange dream, youre not aloneHumans have been trying to make sense of dreams since recorded history1_ Here are some of the findings.2_People with great creativity are more likely to dream about unusual settings and about blocks in the natural world, such as a log or a rock they cant get around.Youve got a heart problem. People who have frequent nightmares may be significantly more likely to suffer from an irregular heartbeat or chest pain. If you have those problems，its more difficult for you to breathe at night3_Youre avoiding something. Do you dream about being followed by a stranger, a monster, or a giant tidal wave? This could indicate that youre afraid to deal with something in your daily life. 4_Youll have a good result in a test. Students whose performance improved were those who had dreamed about the maze(迷宫) during the sleep. 5_This improves learning and problemsolving skills.Despite the fact that technology has vastly expanded our understanding of dreaming, much of what occurs when were asleep remains as it has always been: a mystery.AHow creative you are.BDreaming may strengthen memories.CWhat kind of problem solver you are.DWhat can our dreams tell about ourselves?EHow can we understand better about ourselves?FThat explains why you cannot have a sound sleep.GAsk yourself what issue or emotion youre faced with.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于梦的几项研究结果。1D解析：根据空后的“Here are some of the findings”及下文介绍的通过做梦分析自身的内容可知，D项“我们的梦能告诉关于我们自己的什么？”符合语境。2A解析：根据空处所在的位置及文章的结构可知， 空处为该段的主题句；结合空后的“People with great creativity are more likely to dream about unusual settings and about blocks in the natural world, such as a log or a rock they cant get around”可知， 有创造力的人更有可能梦到不寻常的场景和自然界中的障碍，比如他们无法避开的原木或石头。据此可知， 该段主要说明了梦能反映人们的创造力，故A项正确。3F解析：根据前一句“If you have those problems, its more difficult for you to breathe at night”可知，如果你有这些问题，晚上呼吸就会更困难；据此可知，F项“这就解释了你为什么不能睡好觉”承接上文，符合语境。4G解析：根据前一句“This could indicate that youre afraid to deal with something in your daily life”可知， 这可能表明你害怕在日常生活中处理一些事情。故G项“问问你自己，你面临的问题或情绪是什么”符合语境。5B解析：根据空处后一句“This improves learning and problemsolving skills”可知，这提高了学习和解决问题的技能；据此可知， B项“做梦可以增强人的记忆力”符合语境。 短文改错(2019合肥高三调研)Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday. On our arrival, we begin to help the senior people do the cleaning. After that, some of my classmate put on interesting performances, but then we played games with them. All of them were amusing and laughed happily. We were such lost in the activities that we forgot the time. At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them. And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.答案：Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home