《专升本英译汉》PPT课件.pptVIP

英译汉常用的方法和技巧,（下）,第一节：分译与合译 第二节：被动语态的译法 第三节：名词从句的译法 第四节: 定语从句的译法 第五节：状语从句的译法,第一节 分 译 与 合 译,分译 1) So I swam and, presumably because of the long absence of foreigners from Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.,合 译 2) When someone asks me what business I am in, I become embarrassed. I stutter and stammer. My face feels hot.,I分译法的使用 A单词的分译 (1)形容词 3.He is having an identifiable trouble with his teeth. 4.The day dawned misty and overcast.,5.As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,” I have something to show you.”,(2)副词 6.Frankly, are you interested in going? 7.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.,8.Characterically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.,（3）动词 9.We recognize and share Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.,（4）名词 10.She left home a child and came back a mother of three children.,11.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.,B短语分译 （1）分词短语 12.He was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.,13.He handed me my draft of the plan completely modified.,（2）介词短语 14.The fire started during the workmens dinner hour. 15.With all his faults, I like him.,（3）名词短语 16.Alice, normally a timid girl, argued heatedly with them about it.,17.You should consult your advisor, Dr. John H. Olson, Room 125D Science Wing, Phone 715 232-2604, concerning the planning of your program.,C长句分译 18.But underneath the sympathetic talk, they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds, rain, snow, cold, and storms upon the restless water.,19.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent.,20.We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on the main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle, a businessman, is going to give him work in the store which he owns.,II合译法的使用 A将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为一个汉语单句 21.It was 2 a.m. on a hot August night. In a San Francisco suburb, a man staggered out of a bar.,22.People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die.,B将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句 23.Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her body nicely. C将英语的主从复合句译为汉语单句 24.Thats the only thing we can do now.,25.Thats why you should put one item of information on each of information card.,D将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为汉语的一个联合复句 26.Pitcher was a quiet man. He didnt usually let his face show his feelings.,第二节 被 动 语 态 的 译 法,I英语被动语态的用法 A不必或者无法说明主动者是谁 1.This book has been translated into several foreign language.,B谈话的中心是承受者而不是主动者 2.The machine here are all made in China.,C出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者 3.Im flattered.,D为了使句子易于安排 4.Unfortunately, their plan failed and were mercilessly criticized by their opponents.,II被动语态的译法 A英文原句的被动语态可以译成带有“被”、“受”、“由”等词的汉语被动结构,5.Both the father and the son were thrown into prison. 6.Wherever she went, the princess was welcomed with great enthusiasm.,7.The children were taken care of by their grandparents when we were away.,B.绝不滥用“被”字 This book was written in 1912.,（1）译成主动式 8.This project should be finished as soon as possible.,9.This must be made clear to everybody. 10.This issue is not much talked about in China.,11.She is dressed in red. 12.We are convinced that our team will win.,13.The gun is loaded. 14.The gun was quickly loaded again.,15.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is located in the eastern part of Chengdu City.,（2）译成无主语的句子 16.Smoking (is) prohibited.,17.It is said that the old man is a millionaire. 18.It is well known that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times.,It is reported that It is supposed that It is hoped that It must be pointed out that,It must be admitted that It is believed that It is generally considered that It will be said that It was told that,(3)译成其他特定的汉语句型 19.We were very much impressed by what she had said.,20.Everybody in the room was shocked by his thundering voice. 21.The downtown area of Tokyo was practically destroyed by the earthquake.,22.They got married last Sunday. 23.Jack got caught slipping a note to Lisa during the exam.,第三节 名 词 从 句 的 译 法,I主语从句的译法 1)“主语从句+主句谓语+其他成分” 2) “形式主语it+主句谓语+主语从句”,A. 第一种句型一般用顺译法 1That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck.,2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a fine. 3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.,4.What little she said has left us much to think about. 5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.,B.翻译第二种句型的句子，需省译形式主语it （1）顺译,6.It hasnt been made clear when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic. 7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his notebook with him.,（2）倒译 8.It doesnt matter where we are going on holiday. 9.Has it been announced when the planes are to take off?,（3）顺译或倒译，两者均可 10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.,（4）主从合译 11.It is probable that he has got the clue for solving the problem. 12.It seems that that datum is quite convincing.,It is advisable that It is desirable that It is evident that It is noteworthy that It is assumed that,It cannot be denied that It is preferred that It is reported that It is said that,It can be seen from this that It is well-known that It is a fact that It is no wonder that,II.表语从句的译法 A翻译表语从句一般用顺译法 13.This is what we are firmly against.,14.Things are not always as they seem to be. 15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off.,B有时可将主从句合译 16.There is no air and water on the moon. Thats why no living things can live there.,17.That was how they were defeated.,C有时可用倒译 18.Raw material is what we are badly in need of.,III宾语从句的译法 A英语的宾语从句有三种：翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法 19.I cant make out what they are talking about.,20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening. 21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.,22.You may be sure that he is honest. 23.We are certain that well be able to accomplish the designing in a short period of time.,B介词宾语从句有时采用倒译法 24.Did she say anything about how the work was to be done?,Cit作形式宾语时,应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译,25.We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.,26.The teacher made it clear to the students that they must hand in their compositions by Friday.,IV同位语从句的译法 A用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加“即”等表同位关系的词,27Then arose the question where we were to get the materials needed,28.In July 1898, Madame Curie and her husband got a great success that they discovered the radioactive element, polonium.,29.The name “volcano” indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks that the burning hills of the Mediterranean were the workshops of divine blacksmith, Vulcan.,30.Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?,B用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语 31. There was little probability that they would succeed.,32. Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted.,C.用转换法将同位语从句转译为汉语的复合结构作宾语 33.This thought came to him that maybe he had left his keys in the bedroom.,34.Is this not another proof that the so-called dtente is just empty talk? 35.He gave the order that all the prisoners be set free.,36.The story goes that the expedition was a failure.,第四节 定 语 从 句 的 译 法,I常用翻译方法 A倒译法对限制性和非限制性定语从句都适用,1.Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2.James Russll is a man for whom I have the greatest respect.,3.Go back further, to a world where the steam engine and allied inventions had not yet enabled industrialization.,4.The way you answered the questions was admirable.,5.The speech, which he had written on little bits of paper, seemed endless.,B 分译法 当定语从句较长，或先行词有较多的前置定语时，把定语从句分译为单独的句子 重复关系代词所指代的含义 省译关系词,（1）重复关系词所指代的含义 6.He is with his youngest brother, who is accompanying him on his tour in China.,7.I have to book ahead for concerts, which are usually held in London.,8.The critical value is expressed as =(S-1)(1-P) where S is specific gravity of material, P is percentage of voids in material expressed as a decimal.,9.The Tartar chief controls a thousand men, all of whom must obey his orders in both war and peace.,10. Im looking at a photograph of New Orleans jazz group which I used to play in.,（2）省译关系词 11.Isaac Asimov was a productive writer who wrote over two hundred books all his life.,12.He said that he liked reading, which I was glad to hear. 13.On the ground floor he had a store where he sold canned goods.,C. 主从合译法 主句和定语从句压缩译成汉语的一个单句 there be句型,14.There are many foreign tourists who want to visit the Great Wall. 15.There is no reason why he shouldnt come.,16.He has been suffering from a kind of disease for which the cure is possible. 17.That was the way she looked after us.,II特殊句法结构 A 分隔型定语从句 （1）先行词与定语从句之间有另一个作定语的短语 18.He lived in the house near us which was wrecked.,19.There is no habit so old but may be cured by a strong willpower.,（2）句子的状语较短，而修饰宾语的定语从句较长 20.I put the books in the cupboard which you read yesterday.,（3）先行词是主句的主语，而主句的谓语较短,21.A war broke out which lasted for forty years. 22.Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works.,B双重限制性定语从句 两个定语从句修饰同一个先行词,23.There was one thing he told me which I dont believe. 24.Cay you mention anyone that we know who is so talented as he?,C复杂型定语从句 25.Standing by a fine model of FujiYama was the boy who everyone thought would be chosen the winner by the judges.,26.Brill worried about the strange stories which she claimed Tom told her.,D 重复先行词的定语从句 27.There are even people with plastic parts in their hearts, people who would otherwise have died.,28.From all over the country, more than 200,000 people of all races, faiths, creeds, and ages gathered at the Lincoln Memorial, the memorial of the beloved President who helped set American blacks on the road to freedom from slavery 100 years before.,29.In old days the woman was kept at the bottom of society, a slave who could be bought, sold or simply discarded.,III具有状语作用的定语从句的译法 30.Ernest Hemingway, who published his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea, was rewarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.,31.Our delegations have been sent to Asian and African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.,32.He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for.,33.Any questions you have about your visa status should be referred to the International Student Service Office at the University.,34.He is clever and quick at his work, for which he is in his boss good grace.,第五节 状 语 从 句 的 译 法,I前置 1.If American education is so tragically inferior, why is it that this is still the country of innovation? 2.As Matt began to suffer worsening seizures, the Simpsons knew surgery has to be the next step. 3.Whether its consultation over a job, or general political discussion, or on children or chickens, there is a wide and varied perspective from people engaged in the same context as you are.,4.You must close all the doors and windows before you leave the laboratory.