选词填空方法讲解.ppt

选词填空精讲, 考试形式及考察能力 选词填空的解题步骤 解题技巧 实例讲解 完形填空与选词填空对比, 考试形式与考查能力,1. 考试形式 一篇长度在230个单词左右的文章，从中挖去10个单词，文章后面提供15个备选项，要求考生选择合适的选项填入文章，使整篇文章能够通顺、流畅。 2. 考查能力 选词填空要求考生既要看懂文章的大意，又要认识并了解所列单词的词性和基本搭配。其目的在于考查对文章上下文的理解和词汇和语法结构的应用能力，要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构并具体细化到对每个单词的微观理解上面。, 选词填空的解题步骤,1. 快速通读全文，了解文章大意。 了解文章的大致内容，反复出现的词将会是帮助大家掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。 2. 熟悉所给词汇，按照词性分类。 选词填空题考查的对象皆为实词,主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词。选项中的15个 词是考查的关键，对于熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需 标明词性。 *辨别词性要注意以下几点： （1）动词分为动词原型，动名词（现在分词），过去式，过去分词。 （2）不认识的词看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致 分出词性。 （3）词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。 （4）做出相应的标记。 3. 分析词性要求，考虑用法搭配，选择正确答案。 词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、搭配、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。 4. 认真再读全文，仔细查缺补漏，核实答案。,技巧一:词性分类 将试卷中给出的15个单词，按照名词、动词、形容词、副词的顺序进行分类。这样做就不再是15选1了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是4选1，3选1，从而缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。, 解题技巧,1) -or/ er/ ar/ ian/ ist：做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor 2) -acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy 3) -ance, -ence，表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4) -ancy, -ency， 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5) bility，表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6) -dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7) -hood, 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态“ childhood, manhood,常用后缀,1. 名词后缀,8) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction 9) -ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, heroism 10) -ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11) -ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12) -ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13) -ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14) -th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth,1. 名词后缀,15) -tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” attitude, altitude(海拔) 16) -ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure， 17) -grapy, 表示“学，写法” biography, geography 18) -ic, ics, 表示“学法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19) -ology, 表示“学论”biology, technology 20) -nomy, 表示“学术” astronomy, economy,1. 名词后缀,1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful,2. 形容词后缀,2. 形容词后缀,8) -ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9) -ent, -ant, violent, important, 10) -most, foremost, topmost 11) -less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, 12) fic, ic：scientific, academic 13) -ern：eastern, western 14) -ward：downward, forward,3. 动词后缀,1) -ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2) -en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy, 表示“使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate,(形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地 -wise： clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)； likelikewise同样地 -wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地,4. 副词后缀,1. 确定空格为名词 a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。 b. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类） 后必有名词 c. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语 d. 介词后面必有名词,技巧二：如何根据空格的前后决定所填词的词性,a. 前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态 看前后文）。 b. 一个句子必有且只有一个谓语动词 c. 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。,2. 确定空格为动词,空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词; b. 空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词; c. 空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语。,3. 确定空格为形容词,a. 空格前面或者后面为动词，空格处应填入副词; 空格后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词。 如果句子结构完整，空格处应填入副词。,4. 确定空格为副词,文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是至关重要的。文章的逻辑关系是通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定答案。,技巧三：利用逻辑关系词确定答案,(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as 等 (2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than 等 (3)比较关系：as . as, like, similarly等 (4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus 等 (5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, and so on 等 (6)递进关系：whats more, moreover, in addition 等,常见的逻辑关系词,技巧四：利用常用搭配帮助确定答案,如： deprive (strip) sb. of; assure sb. of; charge sb. with; accuse sb. of; prevent sb. from; differ from; contribute to; attribute to.,When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a 47. “I couldnt understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.,. 实例讲解,wonder acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective hid J) automatically K) decent L) countless M) recalled N) breakthrough O) prominent,n.,E,v.,I,Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 49 Spanish. “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school. Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual education to treat his patients.,wonder acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective hid J) automatically K) decent L) countless M) recalled N) breakthrough O) prominent,a.,F,v.,D,a.,J,v.,B,Robertos story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students 55 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.,wonder acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective hid J) automatically K) decent L) countless M) recalled N) breakthrough O) prominent,a.,L,a.,H,ad.,C,n. a.,G,A) wonder n. v. B) acquired v.ed C) co