高考英语阅读理解之猜词.ppt

猜测词义,Guessing meanings,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. ,Lead-in(导入),1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人),His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.,(n. 动物学家),A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.,1. Definition 定义法,定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。,A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.,(n. 木匠 ),(n. 素食主义者 ),对比法：转折连词“but”、“unlike”、 “in spite of ” 、 “rather than” 、 “ on the other hand ” 、“ however”等介词、副词和让步状语从句、条件从句能构成前后意义上的对比关系。,Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.,2. Contrast 对比法,(v. 厌恶),(adj.肮脏的),Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的),3. Similarity 相似法,Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.,(adj. 有害的),At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.,3. Similarity 相似法,(n. 资金),相似法：与对比法相反，作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，常见的词有also, namely, that is, i.e., that is to say,等。,Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员）because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others,The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.（浅的）,4. Cause and effect 因果法,(adj. 独断专行的),(adj. 浑浊的),The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.,因果法：因果关系是一种逻辑关系，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句， 我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。,4. Cause and effect 因果法,(adj. 永久的),Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like.,5. Example 例举法,silebriti（n. 名人）,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, fridges and color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),5. Example 例举法,例举法：通过一些例子说明生词的词义， 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。,6. Word Formation 构词法,When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.,Today its his turn to empty the rubbish.,(v. 倒空),(adj. 无法通过的),Saint Valentines Day is a time of happiness for loversBoys like to give girls flowers as presentsOn that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand,6. Word Formation 构词法,构词法：利用前缀和后缀构成新词；利用合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的单词；利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词,(n. 勿忘我),Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1),Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever,C,B,Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2),Passage 1 With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _. A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills,A,Passage 2 My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew . My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henrys . The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph