L12被动语态的译法.ppt

被动语态的译法,英语中被动语态使用较广，汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。因此英语被动语态的句子多数情况下可以译成主动句，也有一些可以保持被动语态。 译成主动句 译成被动句,译成汉语主动句,（1）主语主语 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天内全国都武装起来了。 （2）主语宾语 I have not been told that he will come. 没人告诉我他要来。 It is believed that the war will last for at least one month. 有人认为这场战争至少会拖一个月。 Youre wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。,（3）主语表语 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 （4）常用被动句型的翻译 （不加主语） It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It must be admitted that 必须承认,加主语,It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知) It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,Exercises,The article had been translated into English, but with little elegance to speak of. 这篇文章倒是译成了英文，但失色不少。 It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. 这个问题必须在适当的时候，用适当的方式予以处理。（back),译成汉语被动句,能够译成汉语被动句的句子都着重被动的动作，常用“被”,“给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为所”, “使”, “由”, “受到”等表示。 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。 Our views have been accepted by the committee. 我们的观点已经为委员会所接受。 Computers are regarded as one of the most efficient assistants of man 计算机被看作是人类最得力的助手之一。,译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火把这家著名旅馆烧成了灰烬。 Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。,Exercises,Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory. 罗伯特费恩被工厂老板开除了。 He was forced by family circumstances to leave school at sixteen. 他为家境所迫，16岁便辍学了。,Supplement: 汉语的主动句译成英语的被动句,说话时，已摆了茶果上来。 Meanwhile refreshments had been served. (汉语主动句译成英文被动句。) 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。 The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees. 全国同胞们，中华人民共和国已宣告成立。 Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the Peoples Republic of China is proclaimed.,汉语中有 被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭 等词时,可译成英语被动句,他常被派做这项工作。 He is often sent to do this work. 你叫雨淋湿了。 You have been wetted in the rain. 这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 The boy was criticized yesterday.,汉语中有 被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭 等词时,可译成英语被动句,我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。 Our clothes were soaked with sweat. 东西受潮了。 The things have been affected with damp. 他们去年遭了灾。 They were hit by a natural calamity last year.,不带标记的汉语被动句，句子的主语不是动词的执行者,而是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上却是被动的,英译时用被动句处理。,这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.,又如：,历史是人民创造的。 History is made by the people. 这首歌是我一个朋友谱写的。 The song was composed by a friend of mine. 这个问题必须予以处理。 This matter must be dealt with.,汉语某些习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要用被动语态, 特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式。,应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound. 据报,敌人当时离那里只有十里。 It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.,又如：,很明显,这计划应当取消。 It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped. 据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。 It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. 据了解这地方有丰富的自然资源。 It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.,Assignment,1. Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 2. Mother is a sentimental woman. Her heart is good and easily moved by tears and frailty. 3. She was criticized in front of everyone. 4. Every country will be represented by its prime minister. 5. It was rumored that the dinner had been planned to please Lawrence. 6. The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more