高中英语Unit3LifeinthefuturePeriodFourGrammar—ThePastParticiple（3）astheAdverbial教案.docx

Period Four GrammarThe Past Participle（3）as the Adverbial感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.2Described as an enormous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.It was described as an enormous round plate and it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.3Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.4Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.As I was exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.1作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系，如例句1和例句2。但有的与逻辑主语之间不表示被动关系，如：例句3和例句4，而是表示逻辑主语的状态。2过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作原因状语，如例句1,3,4；作伴随情况或方式状语如例句2等。3由例句2和例句4可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的并列句或状语从句。一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。Writteninahurry，thisarticlewasnotsogood.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。本句中的Writteninahurry即为过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。1过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。Askedabouthisaddress(Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress)，theboydidntrespond.问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。2过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade(Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade)，heworksharder.由于受到所取得的进步的鼓励，他工作更努力了。3过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。Givenmoretime(Iftheyweregivenmoretime)，thetreescouldgrowtaller.如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。Heatedtoahightemperature(Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature)，waterwillchangeintovapor.如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。4过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。Thoughwarnedofthestorm(Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm)，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。5过去分词作方式、伴随状语，在句中相当于一个并列句。Followedbyagroupofstudents，theteacherenteredtheclassroom.Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，evenif，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。Evenifinvited(EvenifIminvited)，Iwonttakepartintheparty.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。拓展有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost迷路，沉溺于；seated坐；dressedin穿着；tiredof厌烦；facedwith面临；accustomedto习惯于等。Lostindeepthought，hedidnthearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。Dressedinanewdress，shelooksverybeautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill，LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom，supportedbyhisson.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。注意:无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishhim/her.()单句语法填空1Ordinarysoap，used(use) correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018北京)2Ordered(order) overaweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(2016北京)3Ifaccepted(accept) forthejob，youllbeinformedsoon.(2015北京)4Raised(raise) inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015重庆)5Absorbed(absorb) inpainting，Johndidntnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015天津)6Founded(found) intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildrensloveofart.(2013安徽).单句语法填空1Compared(compare)withthewesternmedicineshighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.(2018江西宜春中学诊断)2Designed(design) verycleverlytofitintocorners，theshelfdoesnttakeupmuchroom.3Thenewtechnology，ifapplied(apply) toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.4Whenfirstintroduced(introduce) tothemarket，thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.5Disappointed(disappoint) atfailinginthemathexam，Johnwouldntliketotalkaboutittohisparents.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6.manytimes，theproblemsweresettledatlast.7Ifproperly，anyonecanlearnhowtooperatethemachine.8.bytheoppositeteam，wedidntloseheart.9Thechildbehavesverywell，wellupbyhisparents.10Theteacherstoodthere，byagroupofstudents.完成句子11Blamedbytheteacher，theboywasinlowspirits.受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。12Injuredintheaccident，theplayerhadtodropoutofthematch.由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员只好退出了比赛。13Wewenttothecinema，filledwithexcitement.我们满怀兴奋地去了电影院。14Theboywassittingontheplayground，lostinthought.这个男孩坐在操场上，陷入了沉思。15Givenafewmoreminutes，Illfinishthewholework.如果再多给我几分钟，我会做完全部工作的。基础巩固.单句语法填空1Trapped(trap) bystrongwindsanddeepsnow，Andydidnothingbutwait.2Ifgiven(give) morecareandattention，theboywouldnothavegonethatfaronthewrongpath，Imsure.3Finding(find) thecourseverydifficult，shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.4Time，used(use) correctly，ismoneyinthebank.5Settled(settle) inafriendlyway，theirfiercequarrelfinallycametoanend.6“Cantyouread？Itsanonsmokingsection.”Isaidangrilypointing(point) tothenotice.7Compared(compare) withthesizeofthewholeearth，thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.8Being(be) pooratEnglish，ImafraidIcantmakemyselfunderstood.9Reminded(remind) nottodriveafterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck.10Lost(lose) inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.12.badlyintheearthquake，thegirlwassenttohospitalimmediately.13.betterattention，theflowercouldhavegrownbetter.14Hestoodtheresilently，and或movedtotears.15Shesentmeanemail，togetfurtherinformation.句型转换16AsIwasmovedbytheirspeech，Iwasatalosswhattosay.Movedbytheirspeech，Iwasatalosswhattosay.17Althoughitwasbuiltbeforethewar，theengineisstillinperfectorder.Builtbeforethewar，theengineisstillinperfectorder.18Whentheywereaskedwhohadbrokenthewindow，thechildrenallkeptsilent.Askedwhohadbrokenthewindow，thechildrenallkeptsilent.19Shewasseatedatthebackoftheclassroomanddidnttalktoanyone.Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom，shedidnttalktoanyone.20Thedoctorcamein，andhewasfollowedbyhisassistant.Thedoctorcamein，followedbyhisassistant.能力提升.阅读理解AfterImadeittothecitycenter，IstartedtofeelitmightbeeasyforaforeignertodealwiththegreatsizeofBeijing.Withgrowingconfidence，Idecidedtotakethesubwaytothehotel，notrealizingthatthenetworkdidntgothatfar.Impressedwiththecleanlinessofthestation，Iboughtaticketandboardedthefirsttrainthatcamealong.AfterafewminutesIaskedinEnglishofcourseayoungmanseatednexttomewhereIshouldgetoffclosesttotheFriendshipHotel.Wearingasmartbusinesssuitandtie，hewouldsurelyspeakEnglish，wouldnthe? Unfortunately，hecouldntunderstandmebutseemedveryfriendly.IshowedhimtheroomcardwithalltheinformationoftheFriendshipHotelinChinesecharacters.Helookedatit，andthenhiseyesmovedquicklytothecarriagesubwaymap.Next，heraisedthreefingersofhisrighthand.InAustralia，raisingfingersatsomeoneisnotusuallynice，butthismanwasntsmiling.Atthenextstationheshowedmetwofingers.NowinAustralia，thatsreallyrude，butIgotthemessage.Whenwestoppedatthethirdstation，hedidntjustpointtothedoor，butgotup，tookmeoutofthetrain，andledmetothetopofthestairs，andoutontothestreet.Thenhestoppedataxiandtoldthedriverwheretotakeme.Allthiscamefromamanwhocouldntspeakmylanguage，andIcouldntspeakhis.Iwasnowspeechless，especiallywhenherefusedmyofferofmoney.Ifeltalittleembarrassedhavingeventhoughthewouldacceptatip.ThisexperiencemadeitclearthatIhadtolearnsomeChinesequicklyormyadventuresmightstartturningintobadluck.21Theauthordecidedtotakethesubwaybecause.AhelivednearthecitycenterBthenetworkcoveredmostofthestopsChebelievedinhisabilitytodealwiththetripDhehadagoodimpressionofitscleanliness答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者相信自己能处理好这次旅程。故选C。22Havingbeenshowntheroomcard，theyoungman.AunderstoodtheauthorwellBstillremainedpuzzledCansweredtheauthordirectlyDpointedatthesubwaymap答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，年轻人看到房卡后就看车厢的地图，然后伸出三根手指头。说明年轻人已经知道作者的意思。故选A。23WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeusedtodescribetheyoungman?AHelpful.BRude.CWarmhearted.DCaring.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，年轻人虽然不会说英语却亲自送作者出站，为他叫了出租车，并告诉出租车司机作者要去的地方，由此可判断选项A、C、D都是正确的。故选B。24Theauthorspurposeofwritingthispassageismainlyto.AprovetheimportanceofbeingcarefulBappreciatethekindnessoftheyoungmanCcomplainsomeculturalmisunderstandingDdescribeoneofhisadventurousexperiences答案D解析写作目的题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，作者讲述了自己在北京的一次冒险经历。故选D。.完形填空Imnotsayingthatallhuntingiswrongbecauseinsomecountriespeopleliveinpoverty(贫困)，andtheyhavetohunttosurvive.Yetin25countries，peoplecangotoastoretobuytheir26，andtheystillhuntjustforfun.Onedaymydadcamebackhomeinhistruckandtherewasacageintheback.27Iwascurious，soIwenttowardsthetruckwhenI28thattherewasasmalllittlegoatthatwasntevenan29yet.Iaskedmydadandhesaidthatheboughtthelovelybut30goatfromhisfriendanddecidedtokillittwentyminutesafterhe31ithomesothatwewouldhaveabig32.Mysisterwastheretooandshewas33formyview.Wefoundoutwegotreally34atourdadandtoldhimnottokillit.Afteragood10minutesofcomplainingwefinally35mydadnottokillit.Wetoldhimthattherewasno36forhimtokillthegoathimselfwhenhecouldjustbuygoat37atastore.Myparentsknewsomefriendsthatwe38sometimesandtheirfamilyreally39animalssowedecidedtogiveittothem.Foraboutamonth，theyhadthegoatasa40.Sadly，theyalsohadthesameproblemswehadbecausethedadwantedtokillit41therestofthefamilydidntwantittoloseits42.Theyalsowereabletopersuadehimnottodoso.They43sendingthegoattoafamilymembersfarmwhereitwouldgrowup44.语篇解读作者认为，除了以捕猎为生的国家之外，富裕一些的国家的人们最好不要捕猎。在经历了一件关于如何处理一只小羊的事件之后，作者深有体会。25A.poorerBsmallerCbiggerDricher答案D解析根据上文中的“insomecountriespeopleliveinpoverty”和连词Yet可推知，上文说的情况多数发生在相对落后的国家，而此处指的是在富裕一些的(richer)国家，人们可以到商店里去买(而没有必要猎取食物)。26A.toysBmedicineCfoodDclothes答案C解析根据上一句中的“hunttosurvive”和下文中的forfun可推知，在作者看来，相对富裕的国家里的人们可以到商店购买“食物”。27A.NaturallyBExactlyCStrangelyDGenerally答案A解析作者看到车上有笼子，自然(naturally)很好奇，想去看看笼子里有什么。28A.checkedBnoticedCdecidedDassumed答案B解析作者走近之后“注意到”笼子里面有一只小羊。29A.actorBadultCartistDathlete答案B解析联系空前的even可推知，此处的意思有递进的意味。这只羊实在是太幼小了，甚至都没有成年，故选adult。30A.curiousBsharpCfirmDsad答案D解析结合空前的lovelybut可推知，本空所填词的意思与lovely的意思形成转折。再结合这只羊面临着被杀掉的危险可推知，这只羊很可能又很悲伤(sad)。31A.broughtBtookCleftDadopted答案A解析由上文可知，作者的父亲驾车把小羊带回家的，所以此处用bring。32A.showBpartyCmealDgoat答案C解析根据上文可知，作者的父亲打算把小羊杀掉，让大家好好吃一顿羊肉大餐，故选meal。33A.slightlyBstrangelyCmentallyDstrongly答案D解析根据下一句可知，作者和妹妹反对父亲的做法，故此处指作者的妹妹强烈(strongly)同意作者的意见。34A.gladBmadCrudeDpolite答案B解析作者和妹妹实在不能理解父亲为什么选择杀掉小羊，所以非常生父亲的气。be/getmadatsb.生某人的气。35A.convincedBguaranteedCdesiredDrequired答案A解析根据上下文意思可知，作者和妹妹最终说服(convince)了父亲，让他放弃了自己的决定。36A.choiceBchanceCreasonDtime答案C解析根据下文中的“whenhecouldjustbuygoat”和“atastore”可知，作者和妹妹认为既然可以去商店买，父亲就没有理由(reason)将小羊杀掉。37A.furBhairCskinDmeat答案D解析根据第二段最后一句可知，父亲杀掉小羊的目的是吃羊肉，故此处指去商店可以买到羊“肉”。38A.blamedBvisitedCignoredDknew答案B解析根据上下文可知，作者的父亲决定将小羊转给不时去拜访(visit)的一些朋友。39A.likedBhatedCfedDkept答案A解析既然要让小羊活下来，作者的父亲肯定要将小羊转交给非常“喜欢”动物的朋友。40A.hostBneighborCpetDtutor答案C解析根据上一段最后一句可知，这家人非常喜欢动物，故接手小羊之后他们应是将其作为一只“宠物”来养的。41A.soBorCandDbut答案D解析空前的“thedadwantedtokillit”和空后的“therestofthefamilydidntwant”之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用连词but。42A.lifeBwayCmindDsense答案A解析联系上文中的“wantedtokillit”可推知，一旦这样做了，可怜的小羊将会失去“生命”。43A.putoffBendedupCturneddownDcarriedon答案B解析根据上一句中的“persuadehimnottodoso”可知，这家人并未杀掉小羊，最后的结果是将小羊送到农场去了，故用endup。44A.noisilyBlonelyChappilyDcalmly答案C解析既然小羊被送到了一个农场，那么在那里它没有了性命之忧，就会幸福地(happily)成长。.语法填空Itakethetraintoworkeverymorning.Thereisrubbishthrownawayeverywhereintherailwaystation,45.terriblesmellismorethanIcanputupwith.SoIalwaystrytorushthroughit.TheotherdayIwastryingtodosoasusual46.somethingmademestopforamoment.Isawthemostbeautifulactof47.oldladywalkinginfrontofme.48(support) byawhitestick，theoldladywaswalkingslowlyaseachsteptooksomeeffort.Shestoppedneararubbishbinandslowlyplacedherwalkingstickagainstit.Withgreat49.(difficult) shebentdown，pickedupsomerubbishwithherlefthandandthrewitinsidethebin.50.alltookhergreateffort.I51.(move) toseethisoldwomanmakesuchagreatefforttokeepevenasmallpartofitclean! Icouldntstop52.(think) aboutthatallday.Iwanttofollowherexample.IhopepeoplewilldothesameasIdo.Itectingtheenvironment，therewillbelesspollutionandtheworldwillbecome54.(clean) andmorebeautiful.语篇解读火车站有很多垃圾，一直没有人捡。一天作者看到一位老人很吃力地在捡垃圾，深受感动，决定向她学习。45答案whose解析此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rubbish，关系代词whose在从句中作定语。46答案when解析句型sb.bedoingsth.when.