英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题.ppt

独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法,It is so wet there that the threes are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 meters.,逻辑主语,主句主语,一般独立主格形式,形式为：n/代词+分词 （-ing 、-ed ）形式; n. +不定式; n. +介词短语; n. +形容词; n. +副词;,非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词,试比较：,Because he was sick， he went to hospital. -Being sick，he went to hospital.,Because his eyes was injured， he went to hospital. -His eyes injured， he went to hospital.,一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing 这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，逻辑主语与分词之间是主动关系。如：,Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow 2. The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say.,1)_no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B. As there was C.Being D.There was 2)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 3)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is,B,C,D,As,It,2、逻辑主语+V-ed 被动关系 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。,1.The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 2.Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3. The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home.,2、逻辑主语+V-ed 被动关系 1)_, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving 2)_, the train started. A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal D. After the signal was given,A,D,3. 名词/主格代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作） 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4.名词/主格代词+形容词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态） 如： An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。,5. 名词/主格代词+副词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态） 如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态） 如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 7. 名词/主格代词+名词 His first shot failure,he fired again,二、独立主格结构和with 的复合结构如： 1._, well go fishing in the country. 2._, he finished playing the game of chess. 3._ _, I couldnt get the book I wanted.,Weather permitting,His eyes closed,With the weather permitting,With his eyes closed,Library closed,With the,1)_, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 2)_, the text became easier for us to learn. When new words were explained Explaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words,B,A,练一练,The test _(finish), we began our holiday. When the test _(finish), we began our holiday 3. Weather _(permit), we are going to v