（新课标）高考英语第1部分Book6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld课后规范训练（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

Book 6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world阅读理解组块练.阅读理解A(山西省太原市2018届高三第二次模拟考试)In the story of “The crow and the Pitcher” from Aesops Fables, a thirsty crow (乌鸦)drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (移位) work to their advantage, experiments show.The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water.Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow.In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float.The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said.Dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube.The crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks.In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.1How did the crows get the snack in Sarahs experiment?ABy breaking the tube.BBy dropping in erasers.CBy standing on the wood.DBy removing the wood.2What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?AThey were unable to tell different shapes.BThey dropped objects only into narrow tubes.CThey were not aware of the snack at first sight.DThey mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.3What does the text mainly focus on?AStories of Aesops Fables.BThe development of crows.CCrows intelligence.DHumananimal communication.4What can we learn from the passage?ACrows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.BCrows understand water displacement completely.CChimps and children are much smarter than crows.DThe story of “The crow and the Pitcher” lacks evidence.【答案与解析】1B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项B正确。2D语句猜测题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管只需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式去获得零食”。所以答案选D。3C主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句以及后面的几个实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选C。4A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级的小学生一样聪明，所以选项A正确。根据第四段的实验可知，乌鸦并不能很好的理解排水量问题，所以选项B错误。根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明，所以选项C错误。第二段第一句“Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.”可知，科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了。所以选项D错误。B(黑龙江省2018仿真模拟五)The clearing of my parents home has made me think about the importance, even centrality of books to the houses life and soul.The house, and our lives in it, would not have been the same without books.The force of the statement comes home to me as I see what happens when shelves are emptied.The rooms suddenly look uncomfortably bare.I always rather took it for granted that books furnished a room.The only rooms in our house without books were the diningroom and the bathrooms.Otherwise there were books everywhere: in all the bedrooms, in the drawingroom and in the piano room which became my parents comfortable winter study.I couldnt help feeling that books were rather like people: some more formal and boring, others more entertaining; some simply for show, others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors.They did more, in fact, than furnish a room; they were companions who could offer insights, good advice.Now the books are being contributed (not all, to be sure, but very many), and I fear for their future, almost as if they were refugees (难民)“Habent sua fata libelli，” goes as the old Latin saying, originally written by Terentianus; it meant that the fate and future of books were determined by the capability of the reader.But the meaning of the phrase has been misunderstood by time and is now associated with the physical fate of particular books, how they have passed from owner to owner.This is how Walter Benjamin read the saying when he wrote his essay Unpacking My Library, which analyses the extraordinarily close relationship between a collector and his or her books.As I deal with the booksmany are going to charity (慈善) shops and I hope they will find good homes I cant help wondering if my generation is the last that will oversee such a process.Books are disappearing, as more and more are bought in electronic form and exist only as bytes of information on ebooks or other devices.Does this matter? Could books become more spiritual, as they lose their physicality?5When clearing his parents home, the author_.Arealized the influence of books on his past lifeBthought of the statement his parents once madeCfelt upset to leave his parents books behindDfound some empty shelves left by his parents6The underlined word “interiors” in Paragraph 3 refers to_.ApagesBnotesCcovers Dcontents7According to Walter Benjamin，_.Aits important to pass books from owner to ownerBthe meaning of books is misunderstood by timeCthe future of books depends on readers capabilityDthe fate of books is related to their collectors8From the passage we know that_.Athe author is attached to physical form of booksBthe authors books are bound to find good homesCebooks have taken the place of traditional onesDthe authors parents used every room of theirs as a study【答案与解析】5A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知清理父母的房间时，作者意识到了书对自己过去生活的影响。故选A。6D词义猜测题。分析句子others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors，此处but是表示转折的连词，前边讲的是“平凡的外表”，推断出后边是“内在丰富”。故interior的意思有“内在”之意，书的内在是内容，故选D。7D细节理解题。第四段最后一句可知Walter Benjamin分析了收藏家和书之间异乎寻常的紧密关系，可知Walter Benjamin认为书的命运和收藏者有关系。故选D。8A推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出作者更喜欢印刷版的书籍。故选A。C(浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三4月模拟英语试题)New Year s resolutions(决心)have been around long enough that we all scent to stick to the same oneshit the gym, lay off the candy, read more books, call your motherregardless of whether we follow through with our intentions.While January 1st seems like the perfect time to have a new start again, exactly when people developed that mindset(思维模式)isnt common knowledge.It turns out that the modern belief of a New Years resolution isnt as old as you thought.According to many historians, the ancient Babylonians were the first group of people to make New Years resolutions.However, instead of making a commitment to selfimprovement, they made a commitment to the gods to pay their debts and return any objects they had borrowed.An ancient Roman tradition from 46BC., bears even more likeness to modern resolutions.Emperor Julius Caesar declared January the month of Janus.Romans believed Janus looked backwards into the previous year and ahead into the future.In his honor, they made sacrifices to the god and promises of good behavior for the coming year.But the modern New Years resolution didnt fully form until centuries later.The practice was common enough by the early 1800s.An article in 1802 states, “Statesmen have sworn to have no other object in view than the good of their country.The physicians have determined to advise the use of medicine no more than is necessary, and to be very reasonable in their fees.”The first time “New Years resolution” appeared as a phrase was in the January 1st issue of a Boston newspaper in 1813.“I believe there are a lot of people，” the article goes, “with a serious determination of beginning the New Year with new resolutions and new behavior, and with the full belief that they shall accept punishment for all their former faults and wipe them away.”So as you make (and possibly fail at) your New years resolutions, know that youre in good company.9Whose New Years resolutions were most different from the present common practice?AAncient Babylonians.BAncient Romans.CStatesmens in the 1800s.DBoston peoples in 1813.10According to Paragraph 4, the physicians focused their resolutions on_.Aannual incomesBpersonal ambitionsCprofessional honestyDacademic improvement11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo encourage people to make New Years resolutions.BTo give advice on how to make New Years resolutions.CTo compare different New Years resolutions in history.DTo introduce the development of New Years resolutions.【答案与解析】9A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知古巴比伦最初的新年愿望是希望众神能够帮他们偿还债务，和现在的普遍愿望不一样。故选A。10C推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知医生们的新年愿望是职业操守。故选C。11D推理判断题。根据第二段、第三段得知本文主要讲述了新年愿望的历史发展。故选D。DIf you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.With so many loopholes in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take_“petty_advantages”But the strange thing is，all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”12The underlined words in this passage mean to “_”Abe ready to help othersBgain something at others expenseCbe a little ahead of othersDmake good use of ones friends13Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWhile taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.BIn a big hotel in Finland，you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel.CThe workers are always honest with their working hours.DThe bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.14We can learn from the passage that_.Ain Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anythingBthere are many loopholes in everyday life in FinlandCthe Finnish society is of very high moral levelDeveryone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves15Which of the following is the best title of the passage?AA Society with “Foolish” PeopleBLife in FinlandCWhat a LifeDHonest Accounts of the Finns【答案与解析】12B词义猜测题。由上文和本句句意，可将画线短语理解为“贪小便宜”(直译为“由别人支付”)。13D细节理解题。选项A与第二段第二、三句表述一致；选项B与第三段第二句表述相符；由最后一段倒数第二句可知C项也正确；由文章第四段可知，芬兰的老板很信任员工，员工领取工资时只需说出工作时间即可，而不必登记，故D项错误。14C推理判断题。由全文及文章最后一段中“As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do”可以推断那里的人们的道德水平较高。15A主旨大意题。文章主要是说明芬兰人的诚实，Foolish加引号表示反义。.七选五Sure，weve all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become “we should get more sleep later”1The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead.Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up.Move around.Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.Thats why you shouldnt do it when you want to go to sleep，and it is also why hitting the gym，or even some fast pushups can tell your body that its not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isnt fun when you are trying to stay up late.2Eat more protein.Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when were awake.If you are pulling an allnighter，youre going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating.3To stay awake，plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently.Drink the right stuff.Its tempting(诱人的) to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull，but the sugar will lead to a crash.Instead，if you want to use caffeine，drink early in the evening.4Dont make it worse by drinking sugar.5Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after youre exposed to bright white light，your body wont make melatonin，a must for deep sleep.ATurn the lights off.BJust do enough to get energetic.CAnd your body can never bear something like that.DYour brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories.EWhen you stay up late，your blood sugar becomes abnormal.FThere is either more work to be done，or more fun to be had，or both.GAvoid bright lights.【答案】15FBDEG语言知识运用组块练.完形填空When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “Sorry, _1_ number！” and move on.But when Dennis Williams _2_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him, he did something _3_.On March 19, Dennis got a group text _4_ him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital, waiting for the _5_ of a baby.“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis _6_.The baby was born and update texts were _7_ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her _8_， she didnt seem to realize that she was _9_ the babys photos with a complete stranger.“Well, I dont _10_you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis before asking which room the new _11_ were in.Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to his _12_！ He turned up at the hospital _13_ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindseys husband was totally _14_ by the unexpected visit.“I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we _15_ it and the gifts.”Teresa _16_ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website _17_by the touching words: “What a _18_ this young man was to our family! He was so _19_and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the _20_ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.1A.unlucky BsecretCnew Dwrong2A.received BtranslatedCcopied Dprinted3A.reasonable BspecialCnecessary Dpractical 4A.convincing BremindingCinforming Dwarning5A.wakeup BrecoveryCgrowth Darrival6A.responded BinterruptedCpredicted Drepeated7A.coming in Bsetting outCpassing down Dmoving around8A.opinion BanxietyCexcitement Deffort9A.comparing BexchangingCdiscussing Dsharing10A.accept BknowCbelieve Dbother11A.parents BdoctorsCpatients Dvisitors12A.dream BpromiseCagenda Dprinciple13A.bearing BcollectingCopening Dmaking14A.discouraged BrelaxedCastonished Ddefeated15A.admit BneedCappreciate Dexpect16A.found BselectedCdeveloped Dposted17A.confirmed BsimplifiedCclarified Daccompanied18A.pity BblessingCrelief Dproblem19A.smart BcalmCsweet Dfair20A.sympathy BattentionCcontrol Dtrust【答案与解析】1D根据an unknown person可知，我们大部分人在收到陌生人的短信时，通常会告诉对方他发错信息了，故wrong(错误的)符合语境。2A根据文章第一句可以推知，他收到了短信。3B根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special合适。4C根据后句可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。故选C。5D根据下文The baby was born可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。故选D。6A根据前句内容可知，这是Dennis的回复。故选A。7A根据本句可知，消息很快再次进来。故选A。8C根据本句可知，这位祖母太过于兴奋，而没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。故选C。9D根据后文可知，Dennis 收到了Teresa发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。故选D。10B根据前文可知，Dennis不认识他们。故选B。11A根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新手父母。故选A。12B根据后文可知，他坚守了自己的承诺。故选B。13A根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。bear有“携带，承重”的意思。故选A。14C根据unexpected可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。故选C。15C根据语境以及后文往网上发帖可知，Teresa一家十分感激Dennis的到来以及带来的礼物。故选C。16D根据后文可知，她把照片贴到了网上。故选D。17D根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。故选D。18B根据语境可推知，这位祖母认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。故选B。19C根据语境可知，与kind并列，所以用sweet。故选C。20B根据文章最后一句可知，三天里有184,000人分享，61,500点赞，所以是引起了极大关注。故选B。.语法填空(2018河北衡水中学大联考)How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that 1._(break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.I think it would depend 2._the native English speakers.Some people are just 3._(easy) annoyed.Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4._(attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know 5._ difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6._(learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts.Im a patient person by nature.The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7._(table) on a super crowded day and really 8._(need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.There also exists the 9._(possible) that what is considered a