（新课标）高考英语第2部分第5讲非谓语动词教案（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

第五讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空及短文改错的核心考点，是写作中的增分点。“情景化”和“角度多样化”是命题的切入点。其中，非谓语动词作状语、定语是主要考查方向。受语法填空及短文改错题型的限制，对非谓语动词的基本用法考查是主要考点。另外，需要关注非谓语动词作某一句子成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。命题趋势：1.动词ing 是考查的重点，过去分词、不定式是常考点；2非谓语动词作宾语是考查重点，作状语、定语、补语、表语、主语是常考点。考点一非谓语动词作状语1动词不定式作状语Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees to sell the wood.因为这些植物需要一段时间才能长大，所以他就开始砍树并卖掉木材。To succeed，one must first of all believe in himself.要想成功，首先必须相信自己。We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。规律总结1动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。2only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。3形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。4在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。2分词作状语One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。Having lived in New York for years，I know each part of it very well.由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.因长时间被忽视，这个坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。规律总结1作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。3若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。4若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。5如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。3独立成分作状语The idea “happiness”， to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition.诚然，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。Generally speaking，the family，not the school，plays the primary role in educating children for life.一般来讲，在孩子的终身教育中起着主要作用的是家庭而不是学校。Considering your health，youd better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。规律总结有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说；frankly speaking 坦白地说；judging from/by 根据来判断；considering/takinginto consideration 考虑到；to tell you the truth 说实话；seeing 鉴于/由于；supposing 假设，如果；assuming 假使；given 考虑到，鉴于；provided(that) 如果。考点二非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty (in) adapting to new surroundings.当孩子们对新环境不适应时，父母们应多加关注。What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.若是上色的时候不小心弄坏了那些地图，他们可承担不起。规律总结1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；cant help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape。 3be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，cant stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thankfor，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。4下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：forgetregrettrygo onremembermean考点三非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。(2016厦门市高三质检)The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed of what to do next week.经理张贴了一张告示，通知职员们下个星期做什么。He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。规律总结1感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see宾语2使役动词make，let，get，have后加复合宾语的情况：(1)make宾语(2)let宾语(3)get宾语(4)have宾语3have还可用于have sth.to do/to be done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读要完成。考点四非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting for her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。规律总结1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作主动进行。2过去分词(短语)作定语与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作被动完成。3不定式作定语表示未做的事情。4表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.要在一年内建成这栋30层的建筑是一项很难的任务。The queens work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。规律总结1不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。2下列句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/wasdoing sth.3动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时。说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。考点六with的复合结构With so much work to do，I have no time for a holiday.有这么多工作要做，我没有时间休假。We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.在这个小男孩的引领下，我们很轻易地找到了这个房子。(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)With all the things she needed bought，she went home happily.她高兴地回家了，带着她买的所有需要的物品。(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)规律总结with复合结构常用形式with.单句语法填空1(2018高考全国新课标卷) You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see)the benefit.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.2(2018高考全国新课标卷) Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality.3(2018高考全国新课标卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _ (challenge)4(2018高考浙江卷)I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.5(2017高考全国新课标卷) They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6(2017高考全国新课标卷) This included digging up the road, _ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.7(2017高考全国新课标卷) But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _ (rest)8(2017高考全国新课标卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.9(2017高考北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _(save) their valuable time.10(2017高考江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, _(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.【答案】1.to see; dying2.to improve3.challenged4visiting5.to process6.laying7.resting8.to prove9to save10.having developed.单句改错1(2018高考全国新课标卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish._2(2015高考全国新课标卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me._3(2015高考全国新课标卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud._4(2017高考全国新课标卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”_5(2017高考全国新课标卷)When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables._【答案】1.sellselling2.watchingwatch3.waitwaiting4.TurningTurn5.在pick前加to.语法填空ATwo dolphins race around in a big pool in Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin，Grace，shows off a few of her tricks 1._(turn) around and waving hello to the crowd.The most 2._(amaze) thing about her，however，is that shes even swimming at all.She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got 3._(catch)up in a fish trap.When 4._(arrive) at the Ocean Park in December 2005，she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it？” Her trainer，Abbey Stone，feared the worst.Grace did make itbut her tail didnt.She ended up 5._(lose)her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years，she has learned 6._(swim)without her tail.Dolphins swim by 7._(move) their flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself 8._(move) another waylike a fish！She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.Now，she has been fixed with an artificial tail.Many people travel from near and far 9._(meet)her.10._(see) Grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.【答案】1.turning2.amazing3.caught4.arriving5losing6.to swim7.moving8.to move9.to meet10.SeeingBBuying books on the Internet is a great way 1._ (save) time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and 2._ (use) books that can save you a lot of money.Whats more，they are far better 3._ (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of ebooks online or