pp-过去分词-d.ppt

The Past Particple,现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行 过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成,分词在句中可以作 表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,主动，进行,被动，完成,do,不能 做定语,I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）,1.位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后, 被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。,_ car was found by the police last week. _ woman looks confused. The speaker answered all the questions _.(听众提出问题) He saved many people _ (去年冬天患了感冒的人们).,词组或句子作定语放在它所修饰的词之后,一个词作定语放在它所修饰的词之前,The stolen,The well-dressed,被盗的轿车,穿着华丽的,put forward by the audience.,exposed to cold last winter,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句,（2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.,=Is there anything _?,（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？,=The book,_, tells the struggle of the miners.,that has been planned for tonight,which was written in 1957,(3) The stolen car was found by the police last week. = (4) The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.,_ was found by the police last week. The speaker answered all the questions _.,The car that had been stolen,which was raised by the audience,18,比较 领悟 小结,boiling water 正在下落的树叶 发展中国家 日益增长的人口 乏味的工作 讲英语的国家 即将到来的日子,boiled water 落在地上的树叶 发达国家 多出来的人口 疲倦的面容 英语口语 已经到来的客人,沸腾的水 falling leaves developing countries increasing population tiring work/job English-speaking countries arriving days,凉开水 fallen leaves developed countries increased population tired look spoken English arrived guests,注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life. The problem （to be discussed） has nothing to do with daily life.,（表示已经完成）,（表示正在进行）,（表示尚未发生）,单句填空,1. The bridge _ (build) across the river is to connect Hong Kong and Marco. 2. Tiger attended the meeting _ (hold) in Humen last week. 3. Be quiet! I want to listen to the news _ (broadcast) on the TV.,to be built,held,being broadcast,单句翻译,1. 我喜欢看鲁迅的书。 2. 注意听！正在谈论的问题很重要。 3. 将要出版的那本书是他们三人去年完成的。,1. I enjoy reading books_. 2. Attention, please! The question _ is of great importance. 3. The book _ next week was written by the three of them.,written by Lun Xun,being discussed,to be published,II. Past participles used as predictive（表语） 1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 The window is broken. The inner gate was locked. She was greatly excited.,2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。 现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。,e.g. How disappointing the election is!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。,e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.,常见的可以接 形容词作表语的 系动词,be get become grow appear look seem feel,young/old/easy interesting disappointing surprising confusing interested excited inspired worried confused,由动词的 -ing形式 转换而来 的形容词,由动词的 -ed形式转 换而来的 形容词,原始形容词,情 感 使 动 词,情感使动词,V+ O（人） -ed -ing be ed to do beed +介词 bethat to ones +N,The news _me. I was _ at the news. I was _ to hear the new. I was _ that he failed the exam. A _ look landed on his face when he heard the _ news.,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprising,-ing 使人感到 主要说明物 -ed 感到 主要说明人 面部表情look,expression, face等前面用 -ed,excite thrill interest inspire encourage move touch excite please delight satisfy content,sb,surprise shock amaze astonish worry upset concern disturb frustrate disappoint frighten terrify scare,sb,relax relieve tire bore exhaust puzzle confuse,sb,使人感到高兴 感到高兴的 令人激动的 感到激动的 令人高兴的 感到高兴的 令人失望的 感到失望的 令人鼓舞的 感到鼓舞的,interesting 使人感到高兴 -interested 感到高兴的 exciting 令人激动的 -excited 感到激动的 delighting 令人高兴的 -delighted 感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的 -disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 -encouraged 感到鼓舞的,pleasing 令人愉快的 -pleased 感到愉快的 puzzling 令人费解的- -puzzled 感到费解的 satisfying 令人满意的 -satisfied 感到满意的 surprising 令人惊异的 -surprised 感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的 -worried 感到担心的,令人愉快的 感到愉快的 令人费解的- 感到费解的 令人满意的 感到满意的 令人惊异的 感到惊异的 令人担心的 感到担心的,In Aswan, there are plenty of _ places to visit. Some people whose lives are full are always _ to talk to. If I can find you any support, would you be _? Travelling is interesting but _ (tire) They were very _ (excite) at the news The _ (excite) expression on his face suggested that there was good news. From his _ (tire) look, we know that he has been working all night.,(interest),(interest),(interest),interesting,interesting,interested,tiring,excited,excited,tired,III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语),1. 表“希望，要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”,e.g. I want the work _ by Sunday.,Jim ordered the room _.,我想要(want)工作星期日前必须完成。,Jim命令房间必须马上打扫。,(to be) finished,(to be) cleaned,2. 表“感觉， 心理状态”的动词：,see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语) + p.p.,e.g. We saw the thief _. People found the water _. Have you heard a pop song _?,我们看见小偷被警察抓住了。,人们发现水被污染了。,您有没有听到有人唱日语流行歌曲？,caught by the police,polluted,sung in Japanese,过去分词, 不定式, 现在分词作宾补的 区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系， 但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系， 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程， 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在 进行。,I saw her _ (come) into the classroom.,I saw her _ (come) into the classroom.,I saw her _ (take) out of the classroom.,我看见她进了教室,我看见她正在进教室,我看见她被带出了教室,come,coming,taken,3. 使役动词:,make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.,e.g. We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. =We must _. 他的手机在火车上被盗了. He had his mobilephone _ on the train.,4.在“with / without宾语宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g. Do you know the man with his hair _ (tie) back?,get the table cloth washed,stolen,tied,We often have classes with the windows _ (close).,closed,我们常常关着窗子上课。,单句翻译（使用过去分词作宾补）,1. 老板要求这个工程(project)年底前完成。 2. Tiger命令立即给白宫发e-mail。 3. 我们必须尽快修好空调(air-conditioner)。,The boss wants the project _(finish) by the end of this year.,Tiger orders an email _ to the White House in no time.,We must have/get the air-conditioner _ (repair) as soon as possible.,finished,sent,repaired,单句翻译（使用过去分词作宾补）,4. 醒来后他发现，手机被盗了。 5. 我们看见小偷被警察抓住。 6. 他站在门口，双手交叉放在胸前。,When he woke up, he found his mobilephone _ (steal).,We saw the thief _ (catch) by the police.,He stood at the gate with his hands _ (fold) before him.,stolen,caught,folded,IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.,过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句,_ _ _ _ why he didnt do it, he began to cry.,(When he was) asked,e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句,_ _ _ _ more time, Ill catch up with you.,e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句,_ _ _ born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,(If I am) given,(Because he was),e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.,过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句,_ _ _ _ defeated many times, they continued to fight.,e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,The teacher entered the classroom _ _ _ _ by a group of student.,(Although they had been),and he,was followed,过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when, as, if 等等.,4. _ _ (虽然被打败很多次) many times, they continue to fight.,3. _ (由于出生并长在) in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,2. _ _ (如果给更多的时间) more time, Ill catch up with you.,1. _ _ (每当被问到) why he didnt do it, he began to cry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为 ：主语 + be的相应变化形式.,When asked,If given,As / Because born and brought up,Although defeated,注意： 1） 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London (夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream.,_ (当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor is really your friend.,When visiting,When visited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,_ (写完了所有 的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.,Having finished all my letters,_ (信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.,Finished,从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看， 公园很美丽。,_ from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.,_ from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.,Seeing,Seen,_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose) _ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress),be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to,Lost,2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态,省略be, 直接用过去分词,Dressed,类似的还有：,单句翻译,1. 他一生献身(devote)科学研究，没有结婚。 2. 由于昨晚淋雨(catch)了，她今天生病卧床了。 3. 他静坐(seat)在沙发上看电视剧。,_ _ scientific research, he stayed single all his life.,_ _ the rain last night, she was ill in bed today.,_ _ the sofa silently, he was watching a TV play.,Devoted to,Caught in,Seated in,generally speaking, 一般说来, given鉴于, judging from/by根据来看, judged by considering考虑到, supposing that假如, talking of说到, seeing (that)鉴于，由于 provided/providing that,有些固定用法：,实战练习,Exercise:,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A.it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired,3.With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled 4.With trees,flowers and grass_ everywhere, my native town had taken anew look. A.planting B.planted C.to plant D.to be planted,5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking 6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known 7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood,8.He found them_at a table_ A.sat; to play chess B.sitting; to play chess C.seated; playing chess D.seat; play the chess 9. John rushed out in a hurry,_ the door_. A.leaving; unlocked B.leavin