cloningandDNA恢复.ppt

,Module 5 Cloning and DNA,Revision,technical terms,基因 gene 酸性的 acid 细菌 bacteria 胚胎 embryo 酶 enzyme 组织 tissue 有机体 organism 干细胞 stem cell 基因的，遗传学的 genetic 生物多样性的 biodiversity,a transparent twisting ladder,made of the fundamental components of life,DNA,Intensive reading,1.Please describe the structure of DNA. 2.What is the relationship between DNA and gene?,P1,Gene is part of DNA that controls how it develops,relationship,Im J.D.Watson,Im F.Crick,In 1953,DNA双螺旋的发现,鲍林,鲍林 最早认定DNA分子具有与氨基酸链类似的螺旋结构的科学家，而且研究的环境最优越，但他错误地认为DNA分子是由三股螺旋组成的，这使他误入歧途 1952年12月，鲍林宣布建立了DNA分子的结构模型。但他提出的模型是个三螺旋模型，且深陷其中致使研究最终以失败告终。,威尔金斯和富兰克林,富兰克琳 最早认定DNA具有双螺旋结构，运用X射线衍射技术拍摄到了清晰而优美的DNA照片，精确地计算出DNA分子内部结构的轴向与距离。 威尔金斯 计算出DNA分子螺旋的直径与长度。 他们二人还对DNA分子的结构作出了确切而关键性的描述：磷酸根在螺旋的外侧，碱基在螺旋内侧。,1953年2月，沃森、克里克通过维尔金斯看到了富兰克林在1951年11月拍摄的一张十分漂亮的DNA晶体X射线衍射照片，这一下激发了他们的灵感。他们不仅确认了DNA一定是螺旋结构，而且分析得出了螺旋参数。 磷酸根在螺旋的外侧构成两条多核苷酸链的骨架，方向相反；碱基在螺旋内侧，两两对应 1953年2月28日，第一个DNA双螺旋结构的分子模型终于诞生了。,1962年，沃森、克里克与威尔金斯因研究DNA双螺旋结构模型的成果，共同荣获了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,1866,Hi! Im Mendel, and after recording the results, I think both the parent plants can influence the genetic make-up of the plant.,Intensive reading,P2,Please describe the procedure which Cohen and Boyer discovered.,use enzymesto cut out and to insert and combine,重组DNA技术是指将一种生物体(供体)的基因与载体在体外进行拼接重组，然后转入另一种生物体(受体)内，使之按照人们的意愿稳定遗传并表达出新产物或新性状的DNA体外操作程序，也称为分子克隆技术。 供体、受体、载体是重组DNA技术的三大基本元件。,今年金大米即将在菲律宾开始大规模种植。印度总理也明确表示支持金大米推广。 在目前我国的社会环境下，金大米的推广遥遥无期。,What is a Clone?,A clone is an organism which is genetically identical to another one.,But remember We= Our genes + Our environment,Intensive reading,P3,optional,contradictory,flexible,unacceptable,handy,P4-7,restrict,pressure,talents,Oh, my God!,Debate,cloning,“Cloning technology is a double-edged sword.”,Write a composition about your understanding of the above sentence.,Homework,什么是“金大米”？ 大米的营养成份中缺少维生素A，因此以大米为主食的人群容易患维生素A缺乏症。科学家们向水稻中转入了四种酶的基因，使水稻细胞产生胡萝卜素(金黄色)，进入人体后变成维生素A。科学家们还往金大米中再转入三种基因，增加大米中的铁含量并有助于人的肠道吸收铁。 金大米是一个世纪以来最伟大的发明之一。全世界以大米为主食的人口超过30亿，每天有6000人(主要是妇女、儿童)死于维生素A缺乏症，因为贫困，这些人除了大米外无法获得其他食物。 “金大米”推广的三重障碍：技术、专利和反对人士，前两个障碍都已解决，只剩下最后一个。,Welcome adj. 受欢迎的 n. 欢迎 vt. 欢迎 Collection n. 采集，聚集；征收；收藏品；募捐 green with envy envi adj. 非常嫉妒的 all over the world adv. 全世界 find out v. 找出，查明；发现，揭发 a wide variety of 种种，多种多样的，很多的 belong to 属于 extremely adv. 非常，极其；极端地 amazed adj.惊奇的，吃惊的 shocked adj. 震惊的；震撼的 firmly adv. 坚定地，坚决地；坚固地，稳固地 made of Silk 绸做的 prevent sb. from sth. /doing sth. 防止某人 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的；不可信的,Resemble excellent look up Information related to according to Exhibit a richer variety of purpose get sb. to do sth, do research design shoes visit the museum follow celebrities silebrti,vt. 类似，像 adj. 卓越的；极好的；杰出的 仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访 n. 信息，资料；知识；情报；通知 与有关 根据，按照；取决于；据所说 vt. 展览；显示；提出 n. 展览品；展示会 更多样的 n. 目的；用途；意志 让某人做某事 搞研究；进行调查 设计鞋 参观博物馆 跟随明星， 追星,1. Pink 2. purple 3. depend largely on 4. cultural values 5. personal experiences 6. represent 7. joy 8. symbol 9. envelope 10. bring good fortune 11. protection 12. religious beliefs. 13. influence 14. ability 15. reduce 16. relax 17. both mentally and physically 18. cause,vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆 n. 欢乐，快乐；乐趣；高兴 n. 象征；符号；标志 n. 信封，封皮； 带来好运 n. 保护；防卫；护照 宗教信仰 n. 影响；势力；vt. 影响；改变 n. 能力，能耐；才能 vt. 减少；降低；使处于 vi. 放松，休息；松懈 身心两方面 n. 原因；事业；目标 vt. 引起；使遭受,n. 粉红色；化身，典范,adj. 紫色的；帝王的,很大程度上取决于,文化价值观,个人经历,19. blood pressure 20. Increase 21. include 22. Similarly 23. commercial 24. catches ones eye 25. lose appetite 26. suggest 27. decorate 28. think about 29. regard as 30. make a purchase 31. according to 32. proper,n. 生理 血压 n. 增加，增长；提高 vi. 增加，增大；繁殖 vt. 包含，包括 adv. 同样地；类似于 adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的 吸引某人的目光 失去胃口 vt. 提议，建议；启发；使人想起 vt. 装饰；布置；授勋给 考虑 把认作 购物 根据，按照；取决于；据所说 adj. 适当的；本身的；特有的；,the other, another ,others, the others,I have two pens, one is blue, the other is red. I have many pens, one is blue, another is red. I have many pens, some are blue, others are red. I have many pens, some are blue, the others are red.,另一个,还有一个,还有一些,剩下的全部,the other, another ,others, the others,I have two pens, one is blue, the other is red. I have many pens, one is blue, another is red. I have many pens, some are blue, others are red. I have many pens, some are blue, the others are red.,单数，二者之一 单数，三者(以上)之一,数量+范围,the other, another ,others, the others,I have two pens, one is blue, the other is red. I have many pens, one is blue, another is red. I have many pens, some are blue, others are red. I have many pens, some are blue, the others are red.,数量+范围,复数，另外一些 复数，剩余的全部,Drills,1. Mike and Tom have arrived, but _ in their class arent here. 2. Mr. White has three sons. One is in Paris, and _ are in another city. 3. I have two souvenirs. One is given by my mother, _ is given by my friend Jane. 4. The shirt is too small for me. Would you please show me _ one?,the others,the others,the other,another,5. Please dont lend my bike to _. 6. I dont like the blue shirt. Would you please show me _ one? . 7. He has two bikes. One is new, _ is old.,others,another,the other,8. In our class there are 18 boys. Mike is away today. _ are here. . 9. Would you like _ cake? 10. Look, the students are planting trees. Some are digging holes, _ are carrying water. 11. Peter is taller than _ in his class.,The others,another,others,the others,12. She