高考语法复习attribute定语.ppt

Attribute,It is a little white wooden house.,定语：用来说明名词、代词的品质与特征的词或一组词。,The teacher came at the very beginning of the class. The mountain top was covered in the morning mist. Your hair needs cutting. You may not get a second chance. Information spreads quickly in the world today.,一、可用作定语的成分,That is the way to deal with him. The old lady is used to taking sleeping pills before sleep. The mother is smiling at her sleeping baby. Dont cry for a faded flower. Who is the man in the dark glasses? The car that is parked outside is his.,二、定语的位置 定语的位置一般比较固定：单词用作定语时，多置于其所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句用作定语时，一般皆置于其所修饰的名词之后。但有一些情况需要注意：,The PRC was founded in the year 1949. 基数词表“第几”时后置 You can find him in the room above. 副词作定语时后置 She feels that she is the happiest girl alive. 表语形容词作定语后置,This is a map of China. She bought a basket of eggs. “a+单位词+of+名词”定语往往不是“of+名词”,而是“a+单位词+of” That is the greatest difficulty imaginable. -able, -ible结尾的形容词，位于有最高级形容词或only, all等词修饰的名词后,Tell me something special. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置 It was an accident pure and simple. 形容词成对时常可后置 He is more mature than his classmates 17 or 18 years old. 作定语的单词本身具有修饰语时后置,三、不定式作定语： This is an important meeting to attend tomorrow. 1.表示将来的动作 He has a lot of novels to read. 2.与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 Give me a piece of paper to write on. 3.不定式中如用vi.必须使用介词,四、动名词作定语: The old woman has a beautiful walking stick. 1.无时间性 He fell in sleep in the noisy waiting room. 2.表示被修饰词的性能和用途,五、现在分词作定语： The burning house is dangerous. 1.表示正在进行的动作 Do you know the man standing at the door? 2.与被修饰词之间有主谓关系,六、过去分词作定语： That suggested answer is clear. 1.表示已经完成的动作 Have you used the way discussed in the meeting? 2.与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,七、定语从句作定语： 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,a)你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？ Do you know the man? He is standing over there. Do you know the man who is standing over there? b)他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。 He is the man. I saw him yesterday. He is the man whom I saw yesterday.,There is nothing that you have to worry about. Please fetch some paper which is used to write on. Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise? They made efforts to bring the cultural relics which had been stolen back to China.,to worry about,writing,playing there,stolen,1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 A.与先行词的搭配关系 1) I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,（一）“介词关系代词” 引导定语从句应注意：,B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,2. “介词whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/介词”的转换。 1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood. 2) Is this the book which you are looking for? 介词for不能与 look分开。 3. way作先行词 The way (in which/that/) he looks at the problems is wrong.,4. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 表所属关系时可用whose转换。 1) There are 100 teachers in our school, _ 60 are women teachers. 2) He has three children, two _ work as teachers. 3) That table has four legs, all _ are very short. 4) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.,of whom,of whom,of which,of which,whose,Im painting a house whose roof is round.,（二）as 与which两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as：,1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has been married again, as was expected. She has been married again, which was unexpected. 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。 She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,（三）that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which：,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (that) you want to borrow. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are not mine.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who that broke the window will be punished? 主句以There be 引导时。 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.,(7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be的表语時，关系代词用that。 She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that。 Which is the book that you bought last week? (9)先行词既有人，又有物时。 She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.,That book that you want it is on the desk. Is this factory that we visited last week? He is the person for whom you are looking. The person to that you talked is Lily.,归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 4注意that和其他关系代词的区别,the one,for,whom,1. Where 先行词是地点的名词，在定语从句中充当状语(= 介+which) This is the factory. We worked in the factory 3 years ago., This is the factory,which/that we worked in.,in which we worked.,where we worked.,This is the town _ (= _ which ) I spent my childhood. The table _ (= _ which ) she is sitting is a new one. I visited the house _ (=_ which ) Lu Xun once lived.,where,in,where,at,where,in,2. when 先行词是表时间的名词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。(介+which) I will remember the days. I stayed there in the days., I will remember the days,when I stayed there.,in which I stayed there.,which I stayed there in.,Ill never forget the day _ (= _ which ) I was born. This was the time _ ( = _ which ) he left for Beijing . We will put off the meeting until next week, _ (= _ which )we wont be busy.,when,on,when,at