独立主格结构和with复合结构复习[课件].ppt

独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构,一独立主格结构,1.概念: 充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因 条件、方式或伴随情况等。 2.结构: 名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done） 形容词&副词 介词短语 。,形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句 非谓语动词,逻辑主语,Taking your age into consideration, Youd better not go hiking. Your age taken into consideration, youd better not go hiking.,(逻主you),(逻主your age),（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）,() 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing),当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也 可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) (cross) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在手下) _,This problem settled,Time permitting,his hands crossed under his head.,l,()名词/代词 + 形容词,_,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) _（red） ()名词代词副词 He put on his socks，_. （反的一面在外面）(out),His mother (being) ill,his nose red with cold.,wrong side out,（）名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书) 2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）,book in hand,Flag on shoulder,二With和without复合结构 （又叫独立主格结构）,with和without复合结构是: with/without + n. /pron. + n. with/without + n. /pron. + adj. with /without + n. /pron. + adv. with /without + n. /pron. + prep. with /without + n. /pron. + doing with /without + n. /pron. + being done with /without + n. /pron. + done with /without + n. /pron. + to do,作状语，表示时间、伴随、方式、原因、结果等 With/without + n. /pron. + n. With/without + n. /pron. + adj. with /without + n. /pron. + adv. with /without + n. /pron. + prep. with /without + n. /pron. + doing with /without + n. /pron. + being done with /without + n. /pron. + done with /without + n. /pron. + to do,1)with/without + n./pron. + n. She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。,2)with/without + n./pron. + adj. He left the room with the door open . 门开着，他就离开了屋子。 Dont talk with your mouth full . 嘴里满是东西，不要说话。,3) with/without + n./pron. + adv. With Tom away, I always feel lonely . Tom不在，我一直感觉孤独。 With the radio on , grandma fell asleep in the chair . 收音机开着,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着了.,4) with/without + n./pron. + prep. The man left the meeting with a book in his hand . 这个男士手里拿着书离开了会议。,5) with/without + n./pron. + doing She lives in the room with the light burning. 她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。,6) with/without + n./pron. + being done With my homework being done, I cant go out to play. 因为我正在做作业，所以不能出去玩。,7) with/without + n./pron. + done The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in . 庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。,8) with/without + n./pron. + to do With so many problems to settle, the new manager was so worried. 有着太多问题去处理，新经理如此担忧.,I couldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix,With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through,作定语(主要是用作后置定语) The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks. 这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。,with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化,（） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （）作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,（）作原因状语,With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.,(3)作条件状语,With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.,(4)作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.,()名词代词不定式,1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed .,2._ (最后一个人的到来)，our party was started.（arrive）,The last guest to arrive,() with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结 构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.,()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being 过去分词”结构中，being不可省。,1._, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over） 2._,she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._, we cant go there. (房间正在被油漆),Breakfast (being) over,There being no cause for alarm,The room being painted now,With 结构中的省略 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + 名词 + 介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“名词 + 介词 + 名词”。 She ran to the hero, flowers in hand. 她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。 The art teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. 艺术老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。,1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It had; left 2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because,巩固练习,4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being 6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands 7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled,8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having been,Well done!,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,一、分析句子结构 1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told 3. _to the left , youll find the post office . 4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office . 5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned,二、分析逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 1. _no buses , we have to walk home . 2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being,三、分析语态 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 1. _from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed,四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。 1. The building _now will be a restaurant . 2. The building _next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building _last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built,看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合,He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who,【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A,(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that,On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,