高考人教版英语总复习课件3-4Astronomy.ppt

必修3,Unit 4 Astronomy： the science of the stars,题组冲关,基础自测,考点研析,课时作业,研,.重点单词 1_ n. 系统；体系；制度 2_ n. 学说；理论 3_ n. 大气层；气氛 4_ adj. 基本的；基础的 5_ adv. 因此；于是 6_ vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n. 谜；难题 7_ adj. 温和的；文雅的,8_ vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落 9_ n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 10_ vi. & vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 11_ vi. 繁殖，增加 12_ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的_ n. 暴力_ adv. 暴力地；猛烈地 13_ prep. 不同；不像_ vt. 喜欢；prep. 相像的_ adj. 可能的,14_ adj. 有害的_ n. & v. 伤害_ adj. 无害的 15_ vi. 存在；生存_ n. 存在；生存,答案 1system 2.theory 3.atmosphere 4.fundamental 5thus 6.puzzle 7.gentle 8.crash 9.pull 10float 11.multiply 12.violent; violence; violently 13unlike; like; likely 14.harmful; harm; harmless 15exist; existence,.重点短语 1_ time 及时；终于 2_ eggs 下蛋 3give birth _ 产生；分娩 4_ ones turn 轮到某人；接着 5prevent. _ 阻止；制止 6cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋 7get the hang _ 熟悉,8break _ 突发；爆发 9watch _ 密切注视；当心；提防 10block _ 挡住(光线) 答案 1in 2.lay 3.to 4.in 5.from 6.up 7.of 8out 9.out 10.out,1pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 pull apart 拆开；拆散 pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁；摧毁 pull in (车辆)进站 pull out 驶出；退出 pull over 向路边停靠；驶向路边 pull up 停车,解析：pull out 驶出车站。 答案：D,2exist vi.存在；生存 The technology for performing this operation already exists. 做这种手术的技术早已存在。,exist in 存在于之中 exist on 靠为生 exist by 靠生存 There exist. 有；存在着 come into existence 开始存在；成立 bring. into existence 使发生；产生,解析：There used to exist 过去有。 答案：C,3puzzle n谜；难题 vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 What puzzled me is why they didnt take her advice. 他们为何不接受她的忠告，这使我大惑不解。 in a puzzle 疑惑；困惑 puzzle over 冥思苦想 puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚 be puzzled 感到困惑 be puzzling 令人困惑的,解析：puzzling 令人迷惑的，修饰物； puzzled 迷惑的，修饰人。 答案：B,4mass n质量；团；块；大量 Her garden is a mass of flowers. 她的花园里种满了花。 a mass ofmasses of 大量的；许多的 in the mass 大体上；大致上 the masses 大众；民众 the mass of. 大部分,a mass of 和 masses of 后面可以接可数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数与 mass 的单复数保持一致。,解析：a mass of 大量的，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。B、D两项修饰可数名词；A项本身有误。 答案：C,5spread vt.伸展；传播；蔓延 He spread a cloth on the table. 他把台布铺在桌子上。 The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 火势从工厂延烧至附近的房舍。,spread out 散开；伸展；延伸 spread over 遍布在 spread (from.) to (从)传到，波及到 spread oneself 舒展四肢(躺下),解析：spread 传播。句意：Steve Jobs的死迅速传播很快成为全世界的谈话主题。express 表达；perform 表演；whisper 耳语。 答案：B,6depend vi.依靠 It depends on how you solve the problem. 那取决于你如何解决这个问题。 depend on sth./sb.rely on 依靠或依赖某人/某物 depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 That depends. 视情况而定。 It all depends. 视情况而定。 live on 以为主食；靠生活 feed on (动物)以为饲料,解析：that depends 那依情况而定。 答案：D,7disappoint vt. 使失望 Dont disappoint me by being late again. 别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。,disappoint sb. 使某人失望 disappoint a hope/plan 希望/计划落空 disappointed adj. 失望的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事 to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是,解析：第一空用surprising 修饰物；第二空用 disappointed修饰 look。 答案：D,8method n方法，办法；秩序，条理 We should go over our lessons with methods. 我们应该系统地复习功课。 with this method 用这种方法 method of/for (doing) sth. 做的方法,解析：with this method 相当于in this way 或 by this means，意为“用这种方法”。 答案：C,9harmful adj. 有害的，其反义词为harmless Its harmful to your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 The medicine is harmful to children but does no harm to adults. 这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。,As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 就我个人而言，先向他道歉没有什么坏处。,解析：be harmful to 对有害。 答案：A,10atmosphere n. 大气，大气层；空气/气氛，情绪 The atmosphere is very stuffy. 空气很沉闷。 The party was held in a cozy atmosphere. 宴会在令人舒适的气氛中举行。,解析：atmosphere 气氛。句意：两国领导人在友好的气氛中举行会谈。 答案：A,11presence n. 出席，在场 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 许多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,in the presence of sb. in sb.s presence 当着某人；有某人在场 lose ones presence of mind 心慌意乱 present adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的 absence n. 缺席，不在场 absent adj. 缺席，不在场的 absentminded adj. 心不在焉的 be absent from school/work/a meeting 不上学/不上班/不到会,解析：in the presence of sb. 当着某人。 答案：A,12encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞/激励，促进 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 它们成倍增加，使海洋里充满了氧气，这也促成了后来早期贝类及各种鱼类的发展。,encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓舞，鼓励 courage n. 勇气 discourage vt. 使泄气(discourage sb. from doing sth.),解析：be encouraged to do sth. 被鼓励做某事。 答案：B,13force n. 力，力量；暴力，武力；部队 vt. 强迫 Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey. 在我们离开之前，李燕萍解释说旅途中引力将变化三次 the force of the explosion 爆炸力 by force 用暴力，用武力 the air force 空军,force sb. to do/force sb. into doing 强迫某人做 force ones way 强行前进 o force 使生效 come into force 生效，实施 in force 生效，在实施中；大批，众多 force the door open 强行打开门 force a smile 勉强一笑,解析：force sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事。 答案：B,1cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 Try and cheer up a bit; life isnt that bad. 试着高兴一点；生活并不是那样糟糕。,cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振奋 cheer. on 为加油 Cheers! 干杯！ cheer n. 欢呼声 cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的 cheerfully adv. 兴高采烈地,解析：cheer sb. up 使某人高兴，使某人振奋。 答案：A,2in time 及时；终于；总有一天 Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed? 你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前回家看看他们吗？,at one time 曾经；一度 in no time 立刻；马上 at no time 绝不 all the time 一直 at all times 随时；永远 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 偶尔 ahead of time 提前 at a time 一次 gain time (钟、表)走得快,解析：in time总有一天，最终。on time按时；at times 有时；at a time一次。句意：总有一天你会成功，因为你一直在努力学习。 答案：B,3in ones turn 轮到某人 Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为这个星球上最重要的动物。,by turns 轮流；依次 in turn 轮流；依次；转而 take ones turn 依次；轮流 take turns to do 轮流做 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,解析：in turn 轮流。in danger 处于危险中；in charge 负责；in advance 提前。句意：咱们轮流照看生病的母亲吧。 答案：A,4prevent. from 阻止；抑制 Unless we get more funding, well be prevented from finishing our experimental programme. 除非得到更多拨款，否则我们不能完成这项实验计划。,stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事 protect sb. from. 保护某人不受侵袭；挡住；防御,解析：prevent 预防，阻止；be infected with 被传染上。 答案：C,5block out 挡住、遮住(光线等) The tree in the neighbours garden blocks out a lot of light. 邻居花园里的那棵树挡住了很多光线。 block off sth. 封锁；切断 block sth. in 塞满；使受阻 block up sth. 堵塞；挡住 a block ofblocks of 大块/一批 a block of flats 一幢公寓大楼,解析：block out 挡住。句意：塔挡住了许多阳光。 答案：B,6break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突发；爆发 The experts predict that a new disease will break out this winter. 专家们预言，今年冬天将有一种新的疾病爆发。,解析：break out 爆发。put out 扑灭；come out 出版；get out出来。句意：似乎电脑系统被上周爆发的新病毒所攻击。 答案：A,7too much 太多 She spends too much time dressing herself. 她用太多的时间装扮自己。,much too, too much much too “太，非常”，副词词组，修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。 too much 作“太多”解释，有三种用法：(1)用作名词词组；(2)用作副词词组，修饰不及物动词；(3)用作形容词词组，修饰不可数名词。,He is much too busy to look after his old father. 他太忙了，以至于不能照顾他的老父亲。 You have given me too much. 你给我的太多了。 There is too much snow. 雪太多了。,解析：too much 太多，修饰不可数名词。too many 太多，修饰可数名词；much too, far too 太，修饰形容词。 答案：A,1They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,句中 be to do 结构表示即将发生某事、计划或安排做某事、要求做某事。 The foreign students are to hold a party to celebrate Christmas Day next Monday. 那些外籍学生下周一打算举行一次晚会庆祝圣诞节。,“be about to do” 表示即将做某事，不与任何时间状语连用；“will 动词原形”表示将来行为，“预见”或“临时考虑”将做某事； be going to do 表示打算/计划做某事，或有迹象表明要发生某事。,Wait for me for a moment; Im about to set out. 稍等片刻；我马上就动身。 We will put the plan into practice next spring. 我们明年春天实施这个计划。 Look, the clouds are gathering; its going to rain. 瞧，云彩在聚集；马上就要下雨了。,解析：条件状语从句只能用 be to do 结构，表示将来。 答案：B,2“Oh dear，”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天啊，”我惊呼，“既然引力改变了，走路就确实需要稍微锻炼一下了。”,句中 now that 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”，相当于since，而且 that 可以省略。 Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然已经做完工作，你最好休息一下。,due to 由于，归功于； because of 因为； on account of 由于，因为； owing to 由于，因为； thanks to 由于，多亏(多作表语或状语)； as a result of 由于,解析：now that 既然，用来引导原因状语从句。 答案：A,3This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就可能发展了。 这是“make it 形容词/名词 to do sth.”句型。该句型中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。 People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. 在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。,解析：make it 形容词 to do sth. 句型。 答案：A,4But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，而且我摔倒了。,倍数表达法： (1)倍数形容词或副词的比较级than (2)倍数as形容词或副词的原级as (3)倍数the size (height/length/width, etc.)of (4)倍数what 从句,They have three times as many cows as we have. 他们的牛是我们的三倍。 This table is 3 times as big as that one. This table is twice bigger than that one. This table is 3 times the size of that one. 这张桌子是那张的3倍大。,解析：倍数的表达法为：twice the 名词 of；倍数as形容词原级as；倍数形容词的比较级than。修饰不可数名词用 twice as much。 答案：A,.单词拼写 1Her school report shows that she is weak at arithmetic and _(生物) 2I hope you will recover soon under this healthful _(气候) 3He felt _(鼓励)by the progress he had made. 4The manager doesnt _(允许)us to use the computer.,5The news that they were defeated _(传遍)to the capital. 6Tornadoes are _ (猛烈的)whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1,300 feet. 7The small boat was _(漂浮)on the surface of the water. 8A great _(块)of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.,9From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no _(大气层) 10These kittens look exactly _(一样的). Can you tell which is which? 答案 1creature 2.climate 3.encouraged 4.allow 5spread 6.violent 7.floating 8.block 9atmosphere 10.alike,.短语填空 in ones turn; as far as; now that; in time; break out; watch out; block out; get the hang of; give birth to; cheer up 1Dont worryIm sure things will get better _. 2We congratulated her on _ a fine healthy baby.,3Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week_. 4The wall _ all the light. It should be pulled down. 5She told her child to _ when crossing the street. 6Using the computer isnt difficult once you _ it.,7_ you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 8Should another world war _， what would become of human beings? 9The crowd _ when they saw the teams arrive. 10Ill go with you _ the station for company.,答案 1in time 2.giving birth to 3.in its turn 4.blocks out 5watch out 6.get the hang of 7.Now that 8break out 9.cheered up 10.as far as,.单项填空 1(2013安庆一中高三检测)The new rules make _ for people here to have a peaceful environment. Ano possibility Bthere was possibility Cimpossible Dit possible 解析：考查it 的用法。句意：这些新规定使这里的人们能够拥有一个和平的环境。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为句后面的不定式的复合结构。 答案：D,2_，I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and youll succeed _.” AAt a time; in time BAt a time; on time CAt one time; in time DAt one time; on time,解析：句意：我一度对英语学习失去了信心，但是老师常对我说：“继续努力学习，你最终会成功的。”at one time “曾经；一度”；in time “早晚；迟早；及时”。 答案：C,3(2013杭州学军中学高三检测)The festival of this year has been a great success, _ the year before when it rained nonstop. Alike Bunlike Calike Ddislike,解析：句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像去年过节时，雨下个不停。根据题干，此处需用介词。故排除C、D项。unlike 意为“不同；不像”，符合题意。like “相像的；类似的”。 答案：B,4(2013大连高三质检)When the young man came back, tired, he just forgot to turn on the radio and _ missed the program. Aanyhow Bthus Chowever Dsomewhat,解析：句意：这年轻人回来时，累了，他就忘了打开收音机，因而错过了那个节目。anyhow “不管怎样”；thus “如此；因此；这样；从而”；however “然而”；somewhat “稍微；有点”。 答案：B,5_ dangerous animals such as tigers and lions while traveling in the forest. AWatch out BWatch out for CLooking out for DLook out 解析：句意：在森林里旅行时要密切注意像老虎和狮子这样危险的动物。由于句中有宾语，排除A、D两项。look out for 警惕，留心，形式不对，应用祈使句。watch out for “注意”，符合要求。 答案：B,6_ Things are not so bad as they seem. Oh, Im sure. So we stick to it. ACheer up! BWell done! CCongratulations! DSo what? 解析：句意：“振作起来吧！情况并不像看上去的那样糟”。“哦，我确信。因此我们坚持下去吧。”A项意为“振作起来”；B项意为“干得好”；C项意为“祝贺”；D项意为“那又怎么样”。 答案：A,7The Chinese culture has _ many important inventions in its long history. Agiven birth to Bsung praise for Cgiven a reward to Dkeep records of 解析：考查动词短语意义。句意：在漫长的历史中，中华文化孕育了很多重要发明。give birth to “孕育”，符合句意。sing praise for “大加赞扬”；give a reward to “给奖励”；keep records of“记录；记载”。 答案：A,8(2013黑龙江省三市联考)To _ skating, one needs to keep practicing and receive professional guidance. Acatch hold of Bhave an eye for Cget the hang of Dstick to 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个人想要掌握滑冰的要领，需要不断练习并接受专业的指导。get the hang of 表示“掌握的要领”。catch hold of “抓住”；have an eye for “对有鉴赏力”；stick to “坚持”。 答案：C,9Toms father is so _ that Tom is afraid to tell him he has failed in the exam. Aviolent Bquiet Chappy Dpleasant 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。violent 意为“暴力的”；quiet 意为“安静的”；happy 意为“高兴的”；pleasant 意为“快乐的”。从整个语境来看，B，C，D三项均不符合句意。因此正确答案为A。 答案：A,10It is terribly immoral to sell products that are harmful _ the people. Afor Bwith Cto Don 解析：考查短语搭配。句意：卖对人有害的产品是极其不道德的。be harmful to 为固定搭配，意思是“对有害”。 答案：C,11Two people were killed in the serious car _ the other day. Acrash Bbreak Cstrike Dconflict 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在前几天的轿车相撞事件中，有2人遇难。crash 的意思是“相撞”，符合句意。break “中断；休息”；strike “罢工；袭击”；conflict “冲突”。 答案：A,12_ youve got a chance, you might as we