2019_2020学年高中英语Unit3AhealthylifePeriodFourGrammar—Theuseof“it”（1）教案.docx

Period FourGrammarThe use of “it”(1)感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.2It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.3It is my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!4Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.5Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.6This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.7As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.8I didnt know，for example，that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.1it可以用作非人称代词，指代天气，如句1；也可以指代时间，如句3。2it用作非人称代词时，可以指代前面所说的部分内容或某个东西，如句4中的第二个it、句6、句7和句8中的第一个it。3it可以代替主语从句，作形式主语，如句2；也可代替不定式作形式主语，如句5和句8中的第二个it。4it可以代替不定式作形式宾语，如句4中的第一个it。一、it作人称代词1it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：Xianisabeautifulcity，isntit?西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？2也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或不明身份的人：Isthisyourdog?No，itisnt.这是你的狗吗？不是。Hernewbabyistiny；itonlyweighs2kilos.她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。Whoisitknockingatthedoor?Itmightbethepostman.谁在敲门？可能是邮递员。二、it作非人称代词1指天气：Itisalovelyday，isntit?天气真不错，不是吗？Itisabitwindy.有点风。2指时间：Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.她回来时已近午夜。3指环境：Itwasveryquietinthecaf.咖啡馆里非常安静。4指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。5指日期：Whatsthedatetoday? ItsMay1,2018.今天是几号？2018年5月1日。6指季节：Itissummernow.现在是夏季。三、it作形式主语1it作形式主语替代动词不定式(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.) todosth.此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，wellmannered，illmannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous等。Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。2it作形式主语替代主语从句(1)Itisadj.从句It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的)”。例如：Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。(2)Itisv.edthat.Sb./Sth.isv.edtodoIt is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.据说他已经来北京了。Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进轨道。(3)Itisn.that.It is a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省去，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisapitythatsuchathing (should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。疑难辨析一、it替代作主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型Itsnogood/usedoing.Its (well) worthdoing.Itsworthwhiledoing/todo.二、it常用的固定搭配1makeit(1)在口语当中相当于succeed，表示“成功，做到，说定，赶上，及时到达”。例如：Heneverreallymadeitasanactor.他从来就不是一个成功的演员。(2)在口语中相当于fixthedatefor，表示“约定好时间”。例如：Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.我们下星期见面好吗？好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。2takeit/thingseasy相当于dontworry或donthurry，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”。Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.别担心！他会做好的。3italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet，表示“视情况而定”。Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.你要去乡村度假吗？那得看情况。4itsuptosb.在口语中，相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示“由决定，由负责，取决于”。Shallwegooutfordinner?Itsuptoyou.我们出去吃晚饭吗？你决定吧。.用适当的代词填空1ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018浙江)2Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedaboutbadtables，”giventhattheyreprofitable.(2018江苏)3Whateveryourelookingfor，coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.(2018全国)4Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening，makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.(2018全国)5Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading，thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议) parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofereadersandtabletsonreading.(2018全国)6Icantfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday，butImnotsure.(2018天津)7Formostofthelastcentury，thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmericangoingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.(2018浙江)8However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.(2017全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Itwasbothandfrighteningtobeupthere！(2016浙江，短文改错)2Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaround.(2015浙江，短文改错)3Itisdifficulttowhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014辽宁，短文改错)4Wewereorganizinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsinthecity.willbeheldonthe9thofJulyintheExhibitionHallofBeihai.(2008宁夏，短文改错)5Now，Ifullyunderstandhowhardistoearnmoney.(2008浙江，短文改错).用适当的代词填空1Thishouseisbeautifulwithagarden.Wereallylikeitverymuch.2Well，youmustntplayontheroad.Itisdangerous.3Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoitis.4Ihaveanewcopyofthebook.Idliketosendittoyou.No，thanks.Idratherbuyoneinthebookstore.5Themistakemadeitimpossibleforustogoon.6Fromtheteacherspatientexplanation, Ihavelearntwhatabigresponsibilityitistoeducateus.7Iknowitisimportanttoknowmyownlimitations, butwhatisdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.8Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.9Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.10WillyouseetoitthatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?.完成句子11Itskindofyoutoshareyourdictionarywithme.与我共用你的字典，你真是太好了。12Whatsworse, somedrivers, cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobservetrafficrules.更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则不重要。13Heowesittohisdoctorscarethatheisquitewellagain.多亏医生的照料，他的身体又好起来了。14WealltakeitforgrantedthatMilecansucceed.我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。15HowfarisitfromyourhometowntoBeijing?从你的家乡到北京有多远？基础巩固.用适当的代词填空1Ifyourebuyingtodayspaperfromthestand，couldyougetoneforme?2TheParkersboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.3Itissaidthatheonceworkedinafactory.4Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?5Itis6milestothenearesthospital.6StudyingWendysmenu，IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartothoseofMcDonalds.7Ifinditmyfaulttohavehurtherfeelings.8Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatlowercost.9TheweatherhereisbetterthanthatinShandong.10Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11Ithinkimpossibletopersuadethemantoquithisplan.12.isnowonderthatthegirllookssohappyshehaswonthefirstprize.13Thiscoatlookssonice，soIwouldliketobuy.14Theoldmansaidthatitsnouseheresolong.15Itisapitythatyou或wouldmisssuchagoodchance.能力提升.阅读理解(2017河南新乡延津一中高二检测)Theyoungergeneration，accordingtoanewsurvey，canhardlyrememberthelasttimeofclimbingtreesorflyingkites，astheyarekeptindoorsandshortofoutdoorexperiences.Thesurveyof1,000peoplefoundthatthecurrentgenerationof15to34yearoldshavefewermemoriesof12keycountrysideactivitiessuchasswimmingintheriversorgoingfishing.Theresearchfoundthatthreequartersoftheoldergenerationrememberedplayinggamesorclimbingtrees，comparedwithtwothirdsofyoungeradults.The55generationalsohadmorememoriesofcollectingstones，visitingafarmorponddipping.Altogether，twothirdsofolderpeoplehadmorememoriesofplayingoutdoorscomparedtojustoverhalfoftheyoungergeneration.TheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds (RSPB) carriedoutthestudyatthestartoftheschooltermtostressthegrowingworrythatchildrenarenotgettingoutdoorsenough.Thestudyhasfoundthat82percentofpeoplethinkthatschoolsshouldprovidemoreoutdooreducationandmostbelievenatureisstillimportanttochildrentoday.DrMikeClarke，headoftheRSPB，saidchildrenwhoareusuallykeptindoorsareeasiertoget“naturedeficitdisorder”Hesaidpublicmoneyshouldbeusedtotakechildrenondaytripstonatureandtobuildwildlifegardens，especiallyinpoorareas.“Tomanypeople，itwouldseemclearandunquestionablethatanimportantpartofchildhoodisexploringtheworldaroundyou.Unfortunately，thisisfarfromthefactandthechildrenarehavinglesstimeandfewerchancestogetclosetonature，”hesaid.“TheRSPBhasmorethana40yearhistoryingettingchildrenoutdoorsandisstillcontinuingtoplayourrole.Wenowneedthegovernmentandtheschoolstorealizethattheyshouldplaythemostimportantroleinmakingitpossibleforallthechildrentoexperience，enjoyandbenefitfromtheoutdoorenvironment.”语篇解读本文分析了现在孩子们在户外活动不多的现状，建议孩子多到大自然中进行户外活动。16Comparedwiththecurrentgeneration，theoldergenerationhave.AmorehomeworkandexerciseswhentheywerechildrenBmorememoriesofwonderfullifeinthecountrysideCfewermemoriesoftakingpartinoutdooractivitiesDfewerchancesofgoingonavisittothebigcities答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现在的年轻一代与老一辈人相比，对乡村活动的记忆更少，所以老一辈人有更多乡村生活的记忆。故选B。17TheRSPBcarriedoutthestudyinordertotellpeopleto.AspendmoretimewiththeirkidsBcaremoreaboutthekidsgrowthClettheirkidsgetmoreoutdooractivitiesDordertheschoolstoprovideoutdooreducation答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，RSPB进行研究是为了强调现在孩子们室外运动的不足，让孩子们更多地进行室外活动。故选C。18Accordingtothepassage，“naturedeficitdisorder”oftenhappensto.AchildrenwhooftenstayindoorsBchildrenwhooftengooutdoorsCalltheyoungergenerationDalltheoldergeneration答案A解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“childrenwhoareusuallykeptindoorsareeasiertogetnaturedeficitdisorder”可知，长期待在室内的孩子更容易得“自然缺失症”。故选A。19WecanlearnfromDrClarkeswordsinthelastparagraphthat.AallthechildrencantgetclosetonatureandarenthealthyanylongerBoutdooractivitiesarethemostimportantforthecurrentgenerationCtheRSPBismoreimportantthanthegovernmentandschoolsingettingkidsoutdoorsDtheRSPBplaysanimportantroleingettingkidsoutdoorsallthetime答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，RSPB在让孩子们更多地接触自然方面一直起着很大的作用。故选D。.完形填空AnthonyBurgesswas40yearsoldwhenhewastoldbythedoctorthathehadonlyoneyeartolive.Hehadabraintumor(瘤) thatwould20himwithinayear.Heknewhehadabattle.Hewascompletelybrokenatthattime，andhedidnthaveanythingto21tohiswife，Lynne，whowouldsoonbeawidow(寡妇)Burgesshad22beenaprofessionalnovelistinthepast，buthealwaysknewthatthepotential(潜质) wasinsidehimtobeawriter.So，fortheonly23ofleavingroyalties(版税) behindtohiswife，he24apieceofpaperintoatypewriterandbegan25.Althoughhewasnot26whetherwhathewrotewouldevenbepublished，hecouldntthinkofelsetodo.“ItwasJanuaryof1960，”hesaid，“andaccordingtowhatthe27hadsaid，Ihadawinterandspringandsummerto28，andwoulddiewiththefallofthe29.”DuringthattimeBurgesswroteveryhard，30fiveandahalflongnovels31theyearpassedby.ButAnthonyBurgessdidnot32.Hiscancerhadgoneintoremission(缓解) andthendisappearedaltogether.Inhislongandfulllifeasa33，hewrotemorethan70novels；but34deathsentences，hemightnothavewrittenatall.ManyofusarelikeAnthonyBurgess，hiding35inside，waitingforsome36emergencytobringitout.37yourselfwhatyouddoifyouhadAnthonyBurgess38difficultsituation.IfIhadjustayeartolive，howwouldIlive39fromotherswhowouldbedesperate？WhatexactlywouldIdo?语篇解读文章讲述了安东尼伯吉斯被诊断患有脑瘤，艰难的处境激发了伯吉斯的潜能，使他开始写作，最终成为一名小说家。20A.killBcureCsupportDchange答案A解析根据上文“AnthonyBurgesswas40yearsoldwhenhewastoldbythedoctorthathehadonlyoneyeartolive.”可知，脑瘤会在一年内要他的命。kill杀死。故选A。21A.setoutBworryaboutCleavebehindDdependon答案C解析根据上文“Hewascompletelybrokenatthattime”可知，他没有什么可以留给他的妻子。leavebehind留下。故选C。22A.everBneverCyetDalways答案B解析根据下文“buthealwaysknewthatthepotential(潜质) wasinsidehimtobeawriter”可知，安东尼伯吉斯过去从来不是一个专业的小说家。never从不。故选B。23A.causeBuseCpurposeDrule答案C解析根据下文“leavingroyalties(版税) behindtohiswife”可知他的目的是给妻子留下版税。purpose目的。故选C。24A.foundBputCaddedDdropped答案B解析句意为：他将一张纸放进打字机。put放置。故选B。25A.learningBresearchingCdrawingDwriting答案D解析根据上文“leavingroyalties(版税) behindtohiswife”可知，他开始写作。write写作。故选D。26A.certainBawareCsurprisedDsatisfied答案B解析句意为：虽然他不知道他写的东西是否会被出版，但是他想不出还能做什么。beawareof意识到，知道。故选B。27A.wifeBfriendCdoctorDstudent答案C解析根据上文“hewastoldbythedoctor”可知，医生告诉他他只有一年的时间了。故选C。28A.thinkoverBdealwithCwaitforDlivethrough答案D解析根据上文“hehadonlyoneyeartolive”可知，他有一个冬天、一个春天和一个夏天可以度过。livethrough度过。故选D。29A.wallBsnowCcityDleaf答案D解析根据上文“Ihadawinterandspringandsummer”可知，他在下次落叶的时候就要去世了。leaf叶子。故选D。30A.readingBtranslatingCcollectingDfinishing答案D解析句意为：那段时间伯吉斯努力写作，完成了五本半长篇小说。finish完成。故选D。31A.untilBsinceCbeforeDwhen答案C解析这里强调的是这一年还没有过去，他就完成了五本半长篇小说。before在之前。故选C。32A.refuseBdieCescapeDdisappear答案B解析根据下文“Hiscancerhadgoneintoremission (缓解) andthendisappearedaltogether.”可知，他没有死(die)。故选B。33A.novelistBpoliticianCdesignerDpatient答案A解析根据下文“hewrotemorethan70novels”可知，他作为一名小说家(novelist)。故选A。34A.withoutBasCforDwith答案C解析句意为：要不是死亡判决，他可能根本就不会写作。butfor要不是。故选C。35A.kindnessBgreatnessChappinessDpain答案B解析根据上文“buthealwaysknewthatthepotential(潜质) wasinsidehimtobeawriter”可知，我们很多人都像安东尼伯吉斯一样，将伟大隐藏在内心。greatness伟大。故选B。36A.favorableBnationalCunexpectedDsmall答案C解析根据上文“whenhewastoldbythedoctorthathehadonlyoneyeartolive”可知，我们都在等着一些意想不到的事情将内在的潜能激发出来。unexpected意料之外的。故选C。37A.TeachBHelpCAskDMake答案C解析根据下文“WhatexactlywouldIdo？”可知，是问你自己：如果你处在安东尼伯吉斯的困境你会怎么做。ask问。故选C。38A.latestBoriginalCstrangeDnew答案B解析根据上文可知，安东尼伯吉斯最初被诊断患有脑瘤。属于最初的困难处境。original原始的，最初的。故选B。39A.highlyBseparatelyClonelyDdifferently答案D解析句意为：我怎么能和那些绝望的人生活得不一样呢？differently不同地。故选D。.语法填空Afterfouryearsoflivinghere，Ihaveabetter40(understand) ofnorthernChinasfood.NorthernChinasheartyfoodis41(general) moreacceptabletoWesterners.TheycanenjoyBeijingroastduck，beefanddairyfromInnerMongolia，andKoreandishesinthenortheast.NorthernChinaexperiencescoldanddrywinters，andhotsummers，42(make) caloriesandsaltreplacementmoreimportant.Asaresult，northerndisheshavestrongflavors，comparedwiththesouth43dishesarelighterinflavor.WheatisthemaincropofnorthernChina，andyouwillfindavarietyofwheatflour44(product)Riceisalsoeateninthenorth，butitiscertainlysecondarytowheat.Dumplingsareverypopularinthenorth，45(serve) withvinegarfordipping.Northernerstendtoeatmoremeatanddairyforthepurpose46fightingagainstthecoldweather.Mostmeatdishes47(base) onmutton，pork，beef，chicken，andfish.48arelessfreshvegetablesavailablebecauseofthecoldweather.Fruitistraditionallylimitedtoafewhardseasonalvarietieslikeapples，soitdoesntfeaturemuchinthecuisine，althoughthenorthwestisfamousfor49(it) driedfruitandwine.40答案understanding解析