2020高考英语必做题（高考真题和经典模拟试题）分类汇编专题01阅读理解（含解析）.docx

专题01 阅读理解2019年最新高考阅读理解1.【2019全国I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个面向学生们暑期的工作，这些工作有的是针对残疾学生的，有的还会给学生提供奖励。21. B 细节理解题。由Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company项目会对创办新公司进行奖励。故选B。22. D细节理解题。由 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 a time of hire, ”可知，这个项目的要求的年龄是16到17岁之间。故选D。23. D细节理解题。由末段末句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities适合的是有残疾的学生们。故选D。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。为了帮助学生学英语以及树立他们的信心，Thomas Whaley专门开展了一个演讲课程。24. B 推理判断题。根据首段首句中“today is speech day”以及第二段首句中“But hes nervous.”可知，Chris紧张的原因是他要进行公开的演讲。故选B。25. A 词意猜测题。由第二段中Chris所说话中“Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers”以及下文“except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well”可知, Chris 发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。26. A 推理判断题。文章在最后两段提到Whaley想到这个主意是因为看到孩子们害怕在说英语时出错，缺少自信，由此推断他的目的是为了让孩子们意识到自己的长处，增强自信心。而且文章末段首句也是提示信息。故选A。27C推理判断题。文章介绍了当Whaley看到孩子们缺少自信时，非常痛心，于是创立了这个课程，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous幽默的；ambitious雄心壮志的；caring关爱的，体贴的；demanding要求高的。故选C。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. Itll be environment-friendly.B. Itll reach consumers soon.C. Itll be made of plasticsD. Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空间用户保护隐私。28. D 细节理解题。由第一段“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”和第二段的“they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.”可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。29. C 推理判断题。由第二段“These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities”可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。30. B 推理判断题。由最后一段“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日上市，也就是希望早日到达消费者手中。故选B。31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，对人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的积极影响。生活中，与人为善，待人慷慨，定会受到欢迎和回报。32. C推理判断题。由第一段“During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）”可推知，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。33. A 段落大意题。第二段中临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的人的分类，文中o.对应答案的classification。故选A。34. B推理判断题。由第四段“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，讨人喜爱的矮子，适应性更强，故选B。35. A 主旨大意题。通过全文内容可知，文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。这些人可爱，慷慨大方，适应能力强，A项指出“对人好一点，最终，你的收获无穷无尽”符合本文中心。故选A。2.【2019全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMy Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matildas battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sisters-Eri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does I refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After DarkD. The Stand.23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar选出的四本自己最喜欢的书籍。21. C细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正确。22. C 细节理解题。由After Dark中的“Its about two sister-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹-Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的 的几个主要原则。体现了人与大自然的和谐。46. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句with such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs，句中的principles与选项B中的rules对应，故答案为B。47. C 细节理解题。注意本题中涉及的是a strong link。根据第二段中的第三句when a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey, the two species are strongly linked，知当某一掠食动物只坚持吃一个品种时，它们之间的关系就很强，故答案为C。48. D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems以及其后举的例子知位于实食物网顶端的猎物对其他的物种的数量有着惊人的控制，即使是无直接联系的物种，故答案为D其他的物种的数量会有意想不到的变化。49. A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的第一句话unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true是这一段的主题句，下面的例子是为了证明它的，根据最后一句，这些行为都大大影响了生态平衡，可知认为的无计划的行为会扰乱生态平衡，故答案为A。50. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的prevention is key，知预防系统提前发出信号以让人们采取措施防止生态系统被破坏。DWould you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_.A. loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End ones struggle for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred