三年高考（2017_2019）高考英语真题分项汇编专题02代词、介词和介词短语（含解析）.docx

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题02 代词、介词和介词短语 一、2019年高考真题1.【2019天津卷单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。3.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】of/for4.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。5.【2019浙江卷语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。二、2018年高考真题1.【2018北京】14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为预约。2.【2018天津】11. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at first 首先；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。3.【2018江苏】33. Chinas softpowergrows_ theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与.一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 . 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。4.【2018新课标III卷语法填空】I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】 for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。三、2017年高考真题【2017天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. among B. against C. behind D. below【答案】A【解析】试题分析： 句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。考点：考查介词辨析。【名师点睛】对于介词辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键，其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多多积累，以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出，还有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。【2017天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. _, we expect students to word hard.A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all【答案】C考点：考查介词短语辨析。【名师点睛】辨析介词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。【2017江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。考点：考查介词短语的辨析【2017北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B试题分析：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。 2016年高考真题1.【2016天津】2. The dictionary is _: many words have been added to the language since it was published. A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach【答案】B考点：考查介词短语。【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。2.【2016浙江】3. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。考点：考查代词。【名师点睛】本题着重考查指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this这个；that那个；these这些；those那些；it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；those指代上文的可数名词复数，后面有后置定语；one是泛指上文的可数名词单数；it指同类同物。3.【2016浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help ._, hes reliable.A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing【答案】B考点：考查介词短语。【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。这句话很明显，前后两句话意思一样，就是后面简短写，可以确定是“简言之”。4.【2016浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.A. on B. in C. at D. about【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句，省略that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。考点：考查介词。【名师点睛】这道题与其说是考查介词，还不如说是考查定语从句，因为介词in不是和后面的influence搭配，而是通过分析发现这是定语从句，和前面的先行词culture搭配需要什么介词。