辽宁省大连市2018_2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

大连市20182019学年度第一学期期末考试试卷高一英语说明：1. 请在答题纸上作答，在试卷上作答无效。2. 本试卷共120分，考试时间100分钟。选择题部分第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2. 5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AEasy floatingIf you have ever been swimming in the ocean, you may have noticed that sea water is easier to float in than pool water. Heres why:Youll need Two clear bowls Food coloring Spoon Salt Two eggs1. Fill bowls halfway with water.2. Add 10 tablespoons of salt to one bowl, mix until it dissolves, and then add several drops of color.3. Carefully put an egg into each bowl of water, and watch what happens.What happens?The egg in the plain water sinks. The egg in the salt water floats.(If the salt water egg does not float well, mix more salt into the bowl. )The water and salt particles (粒子) in the salt water bowl are closer together than plain water particles are. They press harder against the egg than the plain water particles do and the egg floats.1. The purpose of the experiment is to explain _.A. why the egg floats in the salt waterB. why people float more easily in the seaC. how we can make the egg float in waterD. how the water and salt particles act together2. According to the text, if the egg in the salt water doesnt float, which is the reason?A. The water is too hot.B. The egg is not fresh.C. The bowl is too small.D. The salt is not enough.3. Why does the egg float in the salt water instead of in the plain water?A. The egg gets more pressure.B. The salt particles press harder.C. The water particles are closer.D. The food coloring gives a force.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A【解析】这是一篇科普类阅读。文章通过做实验的方法，解释了为什么人们更容易漂浮在海水里。【1题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段If you have ever been swimming in the ocean, you may have noticed that sea water is easier to float in than pool water.可知这个实验的目的是解释为什么人们更容易漂浮在海里，故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据If the salt water egg does not float well, mix more salt into the bowl.（如果盐水里的鸡蛋不能很好地漂浮，在碗里加入更多的盐。）由此可知如果鸡蛋在盐水中不漂浮，是因为盐不够，故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段They press harder against the egg than the plain water particles do and the egg floats.（它们比普通的水粒子对鸡蛋的压力更大，鸡蛋就会漂浮起来。）由此推断出鸡蛋浮在盐水里而不是在白水里，是因为鸡蛋得到更多的压力，故选A。BSpanish artist Pablo Picasso (18811973) is one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It is said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in truth, the value of his work could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the worlds 10 most expensive paintings.Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague(同事) Georges Braque started a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were “close” to you and which objects were “far away”. But Picasso and Braque didnt want to paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasnt a window to the world; it was marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism.But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them was changing, too. Science was turning peoples ideas upside down. Albert Einsteins theory was proving that what we knew about time and space was wrong. And new political movements like socialism were on the rise. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows the horror of the bombing(轰炸) of the town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldnt have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar into pieces was his preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces.4. What is the article mainly about?A. The high price of Picassos paintings.B. Picassos difficulties in career.C. The popularity of Picassos paintings.D. Picassos achievements in art.5. In what way did Picasso and Braque paint?A. They painted objects with different depths.B. They made their paintings look like windows.C. They painted an object from different angles.D. They broke objects into pieces and painted them.6. What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism?A. Einsteins theory.B. The changing world.C. The rising socialism.D. New political movements.7. The painting Guernica is mentioned to show _.A. the themes of Picassos paintingsB. the anger of Picasso at the warC. the preparations Picasso made beforeD. the artistic effect of cubism【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了毕加索的艺术成就以及绘画风格。【4题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the worlds 10 most expensive paintings.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了毕加索的艺术成就，故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles.可知毕加索和布拉克从不同的角度画一个物体，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.可知改变的世界，促使毕加索和布拉克开始立体派画风，故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldnt have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period.（在这幅画中，你可以看到天空落下。没有他在立体派时期学到的技巧，毕加索是不可能画出这幅画的。）由此推断出格尔尼卡这幅画是为了表现立体派的艺术效果，故选D。CChina on Thursday successfully launched space lab Tiangong-2 into space, meaning another historic step towards building a manned space station around 2020.Measuring 10.4 meters in length, the tube-like Tiangong-2 is designed to enable two astronauts to live in space for up to 30 days and to receive spaceships.Once inside Tiangong-2, two astronauts arriving from the Shenzhou-11 spaceship will carry out key experiments related to in-orbit equipment repairs, aerospace medicine, space physics and biology, such as space clocks and solar storm research. The number of experiments carried out by Tiangong-2 will be the highest of any manned space mission (航天任务) so far.The successful launch of the Tiangong-2, along with the first flight of Chinas new generation carrier rocket Long March-7 in June, bodes well for the final stage of Chinas three-step manned space plan.The first step, to send an astronaut into space and return safely, was fulfilled by Yangliwei in the Shenzhou-5 mission in 2003. The second step is developing advanced space flight technologies, including the launch of two space labs. Finally, the third step will be to operate a manned space station.Once the space lab mission comes to an end, China will start building our own space station, which is planned for completion by around 2020. The Chinese space station will be much smaller than the current International Space Station (ISS), but it can be expanded for scientific research and international cooperation. With the ISS set to retire in 2024, the Chinese station will offer a promising choice, and China will be the only country with a permanent (永久) space station.8. What do we know about Tiangong-2?A. It is able to receive spaceships.B. It sent two astronauts into space.C. It was launched by Long March-7.D. It works for international research.9. What does the underlined phrase “bodes well for” probably mean?A. makes upB. turns out to beC. mainly results fromD. suggests the success of10. What is the best title for the text?A. One Step Closer to Tiangong-2B. 3 Steps of Chinas Space PlanC. Chinas Space Lab LaunchedD. Space Station, Chinas Dream【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道类阅读。文章主要讲了周四，中国成功将天宫二号空间实验室送入太空，这意味着中国朝着2020年左右建成载人空间站又迈出了历史性的一步。【8题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Measuring 10.4 meters in length, the tube-like Tiangong-2 is designed to enable two astronauts to live in space for up to 30 days and to receive spaceships.可知天宫二号能够接收宇宙飞船，故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。划线词所在的句子意思是天宫二号的成功发射，以及中国新一代运载火箭长征七号的首次发射，表明着中国载人航天三步走计划进入最后阶段。由此可知“bodes well for”意思是“表明”，故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。第一段China on Thursday successfully launched space lab Tiangong-2 into space, meaning another historic step towards building a manned space station around 2020.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容 ，可知这篇文章主要讲了周四，中国成功将天宫二号空间实验室送入太空，这意味着中国朝着2020年左右建成载人空间站又迈出了历史性的一步。故选C。【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题1，答案定位在第二段Measuring 10.4 meters in length, the tube-like Tiangong-2 is designed to enable two astronauts to live in space for up to 30 days and to receive spaceships.可知天宫二号能够接收宇宙飞船，故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many people feel their parents are over-protective. When you want to go to a party, for example, they will try to stop you. It seems as if you are still a kid. _11_ Find out which parent is more easygoing. You can bring him or her over to your point of view first. Suppose you know your mom is more relaxed about it, persuade her first. And then she will be on your side when you talk to your dad. However, it can be dangerous, for parents arent completely stupid. _12_ Remember not to use this all the time. _13_ You cant expect your parents to treat you like an adult if you still act like a kid. When youre away from them, dont forget to check in with them. To let them know youre okay is a good responsibility point. Have patience. _14_ Instead, slowly earn their trust. You should always go home on time and stick to the rules that youve both agreed on. Gradually, your parents will realize that they can trust you and start giving you freedom. Express your appreciation. The good news about over-protective parents is that they simply want to love and protect you. _15_ Then they will learn to express their caring in a more productive way.A. Act responsibly.B. Behave yourself.C. Here are some tips to help you.D. Take time to get along with them.E. They will notice if you do this frequently.F. Dont expect your parents to change overnight.G. So feel thankful even if they disagree with you.【答案】11. C 12. E 13. A 14. F 15. G【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于父母保护过度这个问题，给青少年提出了一些建议。【11题详解】上文Many people feel their parents are over-protective. When you want to go to a party, for example, they will try to stop you. It seems as if you are still a kid.说许多人觉得他们的父母保护过度。例如，当你想去参加一个聚会时，他们会试图阻止你。好像你还是个孩子。该空承接上文，C选项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你”切题，故选C。【12题详解】上文However, it can be dangerous, for parents arent completely stupid.说然而，这可能是危险的，因为父母又不傻。下文Remember not to use this all the time.说记住不要总是用这个。该空承上启下，E选项“如果你经常这样做，他们会注意到的。”切题，故选E。【13题详解】这一段You cant expect your parents to treat you like an adult if you still act like a kid. When youre away from them, dont forget to check in with them. To let them know youre okay is a good responsibility point.意思是如果你仍然表现得像个孩子，你就不能指望你的父母像对待成年人一样对待你。当你离开他们的时候，别忘了和他们联系。让他们知道你很好，是一个很好的责任点。由此可知这一段的标题应该是“以负责任的方式行事”，故选A。【14题详解】这一段的标题Have patience.（有耐心），结合下文Instead, slowly earn their trust.（相反，要慢慢赢得他们的信任。）该空承上启下，F选项“不要指望你的父母一夜之间改变。”切题，故选F。【15题详解】这一段的标题Express your appreciation.（表达你的感激。）结合下文Then they will learn to express their caring in a more productive way.（然后他们将学会以更有效的方式表达他们的关心。）该空与标题相呼应，G选项“所以，即使他们不同意你的观点，也要心存感激。”切题，故选G。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。I was driving to a business meeting and, as usual, I was planning in my mind what I was going to say. I came to a very _16_ crossroads where the stop light had just _17_ red. “All right,” I thought to myself. “I can beat the next light if I _18_ ahead.”Suddenly my thought was broken by an unforgettable _19_. A couple, both _20_, were walking arm-in-arm across this crossroads with cars running by in every direction. The man was holding the hand of a little boy, _21_ the woman was _22_ a baby in her arm. Each of them held a white cane(手杖), _23_ for clues (线索) to guide them across the crossroads.I was moved. They were fighting _24_ one of the most feared handicaps (缺陷)blindness. “Wouldnt it be _25_ to be blind?” I thought. My line of thought was quickly _26_ by what I saw: the couple was not walking in the crosswalk, but into the _27_ of oncoming cars. I was _28_.But I didnt see an accident. Something _29_ happened. Every car in every direction came to a stop almost _30_. Suddenly a driver _31_ his head out of his car, shouting, “To your right. To your right!”Without a stop, the couple changed their _32_ and followed the coaching. _33_ their white canes and calls from some concerned people, they _34_ it to the other side of the road.Take time to _35_ and you will really see something wonderful around you.16. A. quietB. emptyC. busyD. lonely17. A. gotB. grewC. changedD. turned18. A. passB. raceC. approachD. run19. A. sceneryB. eventC. memoryD. sight20. A. youngB. blindC. energeticD. deaf21. A. whileB. whenC. thoughD. as22. A. takingB. huggingC. carryingD. pulling23. A. beggingB. reachingC. askingD. searching24. A. forB. overC. againstD. off25. A. terribleB. surprisingC. thrillingD. fantastic26. A. changedB. brokenC. sharedD. shaped27. A. rideB. trackC. orbitD. path28. A. delightedB. puzzledC. frightenedD. excited29. A. amusingB. wonderfulC. regretfulD. embarrassing30. A. from time to timeB. all the timeC. at the same timeD. in time31. A. stuckB. bentC. noddedD. shook32. A. lineB. situationC. wayD. direction33. A. TrustingB. BelievingC. HoldingD. Waving34. A. gotB. madeC. putD. helped35. A. look aroundB. look outC. get aroundD. come out【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文阅读。文章讲了作者开车上班的路上看见一对盲人夫妇走到了机动车道上，令人感动的是所有的司机都停下来等他们走过。等盲人夫妇过了马路，人们都松了一口气。作者由此感叹，花点时间四处看看，你会发现身边有很多美好的事物。【16题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据were walking arm-in-arm across this crossroads with cars running by in every direction. 可知这里意思是我来到一个非常繁忙的十字路口。A. quiet安静的；B. empty空的；C. busy繁忙的；D. lonely孤独的，故选C。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。根据“All right,” I thought to myself. “I can beat the next light if I _3_ ahead.”可知这里意思是我来到一个非常繁忙的十字路口，那里的红绿灯刚刚变红。A. got得到；B. grew成长；C. changed改变；D. turned变成，故选D。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。根据I can beat the next light可知这里意思是如果我全速前进。A. pass通过；B. race全速前进；C. approach接近；D. run跑步，故选B。【19题详解】考查名词辨析。下文描述的是一个难忘的景象。A. scenery风景；B. event事件；C. memory记忆；D. sight景象，故选D。【20题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据They were fighting _9_ one of the most feared handicaps (缺陷)blindness. 可知一对夫妇，都是盲人。A. young年轻的；B. blind失明的； C. energetic精力充沛的；D. deaf失聪的，故选B。【21题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：男人牵着一个小男孩的手，而女人怀里抱着一个婴儿。A. while然而；B. when当时；C. though尽管；D. as因为，故选A。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：男人牵着一个小男孩的手，而女人怀里抱着一个婴儿。A. taking拿；B. hugging拥抱；C. carrying抱着；D. pulling拉，故选C。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他们每人拿着一根白色的拐杖，寻找指引他们过十字路口的线索。A. begging乞讨；B. reaching到达；C. asking问；D. searching寻找，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们正在与最可怕的残疾之一失明作斗争。A. fight for为而战；B. fight over为争吵； C. fight against与作斗争； D. fight off击退，故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据the couple was not walking in the crosswalk, but into the _12_ of oncoming cars.可知这里意思是失明不是很可怕吗? A. terrible 可怕的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. thrilling毛骨悚然的；D. fantastic奇异的，故选A。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。根据Suddenly my thought was broken by an unforgettable _4_.可知这里意思是我的思路很快被我所看到的打破了。A. changed改变；B. broken打破；C. shared共享；D. shaped成形，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这对夫妇并不是走在人行横道上，而是走在迎面而来的汽车道上。A. ride骑； B. track轨道；C. orbit轨道；D. path道路，故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据the couple was not walking in the crosswalk, but into the _12_ of oncoming cars.可知我很害怕。A. delighted高兴的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited兴奋的，故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据Every car in every direction came to a stop almost _15_.可知这里意思是一些奇妙的事情发生了。A. amusing有趣的； B. wonderful奇妙的；C. regretful后悔的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的，故选B。【30题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：几乎同时，四面八方的汽车都停了下来。A. from time to time不时；B. all the time一直；C. at the same time同时； D. in time及时，故选C。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：突然，一个司机从车里探出头来，喊道:“向右拐，向右拐。” A. stuck伸出；B. bent弯曲；C. nodded点头；D. shook摇动，故选A。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。根据and followed the coaching可知这对夫妇改变了方向。A. line路线； B. situation情况；C. way方法；D. direction方向，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他们信赖自己的白手杖和一些关心此事的人的叫喊声，成功地走到了路的另一边。A. Trusting信赖； B. Believing认为； C. Holding握住；D. Waving挥手示意，故选A。【34题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们信赖自己的白手杖和一些关心此事的人的叫喊声，成功地走到了路的另一边。make it达到预定目标，该短语是固定短语，故选B。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：花点时间四处看看，你会发现身边有很多美好的事物。A. look around环顾四周； B. look out当心；C. get around到处走走；D. come out出现，故选A。【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难的一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的保障。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完形填空的解题方法很多，而词汇复现法就是最常见的方法之一。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。本题中的5小题中的blindness和blind；11小题中的broken等都采用了同义词或原词复现的方法。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。非选择题部分第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When talking about classical music, what can you think of? Is it a big orchestra with an old guy in a black suit _36_ waves a stick in front? You are _37_ (part) right. But there is a lot more to it. Classical music can be as simple as just one singer singing a song. It c