应用型大学英语综合教程第三册U.ppt

应用型大学英语综合教程,上海交通大学出版社,应用型大学英语系列教材,Book ,2,上海交通大学出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 3,Unit Eight,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: Top 5 business maxims that need to go,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: A song: San Francisco L: How to save US banks? R: Top 5 business maxims that need to go W: Chronological order Internet work: How to conduct a customer satisfaction survey,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. Listen to the song San Francisco and answer the following questions.,1. The song appears in a famous American movie. Do you know the name of the movie? 2. What does the song suggest visitors to San Francisco should wear?,Yes. Its Forrest Gump.,Visitors to San Francisco are suggested to wear some flowers in their hair.,6,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,3. What are people like in San Francisco? 4. What is the best time to go to San Francisco? 5. A song or a movie can make a city or a place appealing to many people. Can you give more examples?,People are gentle, and wear flowers in their hair.,Yes. Movies like Philadelphia (费城故事, also a song name), Sleepless in Seattle (西雅图未眠夜), Casablanca (北非谍影, also a song name), etc. do make the cities concerned appealing to many people.,Summertime.,7,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,8,B. Listen to a passage and answer the following questions.,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,9,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,1. Why do many banks refuse to lend? 2. What is the so-called bad bank supposed to do? 3. What is the role of government in case of nationalization?,They worry that they will not have enough capital to cover losses.,It is supposed to take questionable securities held by other banks.,It takes ownership of a private business, but would often sell it back to investors later.,10,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Tapescript,11,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Lead-in,Text Organization,12,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Lead-in,13,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Lead-in,14,focus1text,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,1 Much well-known business advice is sadly obsolete but can still be found in articles, business books, and, not least, in daily use in the workplace. It seems that some companies are still guided by thinking that is sadly out of dateif it was ever true to begin with.,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: It appears that some companies are still operating on ideas, principles or theories that are no longer validbut in the first place, it is quite doubtful whether there was a time when these ideas, principles or theories were valid at all.,not least: 特别，尤其 e.g. The film caused bad feeling among many people, not least among the workers whose lives it described. Trade has been bad, not least because of increased costs.,to begin with: 1) 一开始，刚开始的时候 e.g. I didnt like him to begin with, but now hes one of my best friends. 2) 首先，第一点（理由） e.g. We cant go. To begin with, its too cold.,obsolete: a. 淘汰的，过时的，废弃的 e.g. Our service is obsolete, requiring root-and-branch reform.,必须废弃的5大商业警句 1 许多广为人知的商业建议早已过时，可叹的是却依然见诸各类文章和商业书籍，尤其是在工作场所经常使用。似乎有些公司仍然在受极其过时的思想指导但首先就无法确定，这些思想是否有过正确的时候。,15,focus1text,2 The worst of these old maxims are not only wrong; theyre bad for people and bad for business. Businesses that use them are making their employees unhappy and are harming the bottom line. 3 Heres my pick of the top 5 business maxims in serious need of an updatewith a suggested replacement for each.,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,2 最糟糕的那些旧警句不但不正确，而且对员工、对业务都很有害。遵循这些旧警句的企业让员工感觉不到快乐，并会损害公司的业绩。 3 下面是我挑选出的亟待更新的5大商业警句，并分别给出了相对应的新警句以供参考。,Question about Para. 2,Meaning: The worst of these out-of-date witty business sayings or popular principles are not only incorrect and misleading, but also harmful to the employees and the company alike.,Meaning: I select 5 commonly known pieces of business advice or principle which urgently need to be revised in light of the new situations and new maxims are also recommended in place of the existing ones.,be bad for: 对有害，对不利 e.g. Smoking is bad for your health. Too much rain is bad for the crops.,Note that the phrase bottom line means “the net profit or loss 最终盈利或亏损”. Interestingly, the phrase is no longer restricted to business, but has acquired more extensive applications, meaning “the deciding or crucial factor” or “the ultimate result or outcome”. e.g. In radio you have to keep the listener listening. Thats the bottom line.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,16,1. According to the author, what is wrong with the worst of these old maxims?,focus1text,What is wrong with the worst of these old maxims is that theyre more than wrongthey are bad for people and business. Businesses who use them are making their employees unhappy and are harming the bottom line.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,17,focus1text,Old maxim 1: Failure is not an option. 4 Meaning: We absolutely, positively must succeed. 5 Guess what? No matter how many times you repeat this maxim, failure remains an option. Closing your eyes to this fact only makes you more likely to fail. Putting pressure on people to always succeed makes mistakes more likely because:,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,旧警句1：绝不容许失败。 4 含义：我们绝对、一定、必须要成功。 5 猜猜怎么着：不管把该警句反复讲上多少次，失败依然不可避免。对这个事实视而不见，只会进一步提高犯错的几率。给人施加必须成功的压力会使人更容易出错，这是因为：,absolutely: ad. 绝对地；完全地 e.g. I trust his judgment absolutely.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,18,focus1text, people who work under pressure are less effective; people resist reporting bad news; people close their eyes to signs of trouble.,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,在压力下，人的工作效率较低； 人们会不愿意报告坏消息； 人们会对问题的种种迹象视而不见。,resist: vt./vi. 1) 抵制，阻挡 e.g. People need responsibility. They resist assuming it, but they cannot get along without it. 2) 抵抗，反抗 e.g. She could hardly resist laughing. Note that resist can only be followed by a noun (phrase) or gerund.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,19,focus1text,6 This is especially true when its backed up with punishment of those who make mistakes. Peter Drucker suggested that businesses should find all the employees who never make mistakes and fire them, because employees who never make mistakes never do anything interesting. Admitting that mistakes happen and dealing constructively with them when they do make mistakes less likely.,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,6 若辅之以对犯错者的惩罚，就更能显出这条警句的荒谬。彼得德鲁克主张，企业应把那些从不犯错的员工全部找出来并开除他们，因为从不犯错的员工也从不做有意义的事。企业应承认错误是难以避免的，并在员工犯错时积极地去处理，如此才会减少错误的发生。,back sth./sb. up: 证实；支持 e.g. Can you back up your claims? The rebels backed up their demands with threats.,constructively: ad. 积极地；建设性地；有益地 e.g. It is my task to look critically and constructively at the flaws and the failures. Note that constructively is derived from its adjective constructive. constructive: a. 建设性的；起改进或提高作用的；有帮助的 e.g. constructive criticism,Meaning: When mistakes happen, the business should admit that mistakes are unavoidable and take actions with respect to them in a helpful manner. Only in this way can mistakes be best avoided.,Meaning: It (The maxim) is more likely to fail when the employees who make mistakes are punished.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,20,focus1text,7 Also, failure is often the path to new, exciting opportunities that wouldnt have appeared otherwise. Closing your eyes to failure means closing your eyes to these opportunities. New maxim: Failure happens. Deal with it.,Translation,上海交通大学出版社,7 另外，失败通常指向新的、激动人心的机遇，而这些机遇只有在失败之后才能显现。对失败视而不见，就等于对这些机遇视而不见。 新警句：失败乃常事，积极应对即可。,Questions about Paras. 5-7,The path to sth. means “the way to reach or achieve sth.（达到或成就某事的）途径，方式”. e.g. the path to opportunities/success/victory/riches/power/ruin,Note the usage of otherwise. Otherwise here means “under other circumstances在别的情况下”. e.g. Otherwise they may get broken. Otherwise can also mean “in another manner; differently 以另外的方式；不同地”. e.g. We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,21,2. Whats the authors opinion about the maxim Failure is not an option?,focus1text,The author thinks that no matter how many times you repeat this maxim, failure remains an option. Failure is often the path to new, exciting opportunities that wouldnt have appeared otherwise. Closing your eyes to failure means closing your eyes to these opportunities.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,22,3. Why does Peter Drucker suggest that businesses find all the employees who never make mistakes and fire them?,focus1text,Because employees who never make mistakes never do anything interesting, that is, anything constructive.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,23,Meaning: This outdated business saying usually indicates that reliable hard-working employees are criticized or even punished in order to please those customers who make unreasonable demands. But the result is just the opposite of what is expected: customer service deteriorates rather than improves.,focus1text,Old maxim 2: The customer is always right. 8 Meaning: The customer is king. We satisfy our customers every need. 9 No. No, no, no. This tired business maxim often means that loyal hard-working employees are scorned in favor of unreasonable customers. It also, ironically, results in bad customer service.,Translation,旧警句2：顾客永远是对的。 8 含义：顾客为王。我们应对顾客有求必应。 9 不，绝对不是。这条陈腐的商业警句通常意味着为了讨好不可理喻的顾客，转而斥责那些忠心耿耿、勤劳敬业的员工。具有讽刺意味的是，遵从这条警句通常导致客服质量很糟糕。,上海交通大学出版社,loyal: a. 忠诚的，忠贞的 e.g. She was loyal to her faith.,scorn: vt./vi. 1) 轻蔑，鄙视 e.g. Honest boys scorn sneaks and liars. 2) 不屑于（接受或做），轻蔑地拒绝 e.g. Many women scorn the use of make-up. She scorned to hide away like a coward.,ironically: ad. 具有讽刺意味地，出乎意料地 e.g. Ironically, she married one of her former classmates that she had looked down upon. The adjective and noun of ironically are ironic and irony respectively.,result in: 导致 e.g. I hope that this will result in the police finding your car. All my effort resulted in nothing at all. Note that result in has a different meaning from result from. We say “a cause results in a result,” but “a result results from a cause.”,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,24,focus1text,10 I recently wrote a post outlining 5 reasons why “The Customer Is Always Right” is wrong, concluding that sticking to “The customer is always right” makes employees unhappy and that unhappy employees almost always give customers bad service. New maxim: Happy employees mean happy customers.,Translation,10 最近，我发了一篇帖子，列举5条理由证明“顾客永远是对的”这一说法大错特错。我的结论是，坚持“顾客永远是对的”会使员工不快乐，而不快乐的员工提供给顾客的服务几乎总是糟糕的。 新警句：员工快乐则顾客快乐。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Paras. 9-10,stick to: 坚持，固守 e.g. He always sticks to his word. He likes to stick to a happy medium.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,25,4. According to the author, what does the old maxim The customer is always right result in and why?,focus1text,This tired business maxim often results in bad service. This is because “The customer is always right” makes employees unhappy and that unhappy employees almost always give customers bad service.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,26,focus1text,Old maxim 3: Never be satisfied. 11 Meaning: You can never be satisfied and complacent in business. Youve always gotta want more.,Translation,旧警句3：永不满足。 11 含义：在商场上永远不能心满意足，而要永不知足。,上海交通大学出版社,complacent: a. 自满的，自鸣得意的 e.g. He shows a complacent smile. We must not be complacent about our achievements.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,27,focus1text,12 This is a bad mistake which rests on a very fundamental misconception, namely, that being satisfied means that you stop acting, that satisfaction breeds complacency, and therefore that a happy, satisfied company will be passive. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, a constant sense of dissatisfaction in an organization sends one powerful message: Were not good enough! The irony is that this results in worse performance.,Translation,12 这一严重错误的根源在于一个根本性的概念错误，即满足意味着不思进取，满足会滋生沾沾自喜的情绪，因此一个快乐而满足的企业将陷于被动不前。没有比这种观念更离谱的了。事实上，企业坚持永不满足，会给员工一种强烈的信号：我们不够优秀！具有讽刺意味的是，其结果是员工会表现得更差。,上海交通大学出版社,Questions about Para. 12,rest on: 建立在之上；依靠，以为基础 e.g. His hopes rest on the leader. Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance.,fundamental: a. 1) 根本的，十分重大的 e.g. The book underwent fundamental revision. 2) 基本的，基础的 e.g. They stick to the fundamental principles of liberty and equality.,breed: vt. 产生；导致 e.g. Familiarity breeds contempt. Breed can also be used as an intransitive verb meaning “to produce (offspring); to give birth to or hatch 产（后代）；生，孵”. e.g. Some animals will not breed in cages.,complacency: n. U 自满，自得 e.g. Complacency is a drawback to progress.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,28,5. According to the author, whats the consequence of never being satisfied?,focus1text,A constant sense of dissatisfaction in an organization makes the staff feel that they are not good enough.,上海交通大学出版社,6. What is the outcome of employees never being satisfied?,Worse performance.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,29,focus1text,13 People who constantly appreciate all the good in their organization and express their satisfaction create a much more positive working environment characterized by more: motivation; energy; self-confidence; happiness at work.,Translation,13 若员工总能欣赏企业所有的优点并表达自己的满意之情，便可以营造一个更为积极的工作环境，其特征表现为： 更多的动力； 更多的活力； 更多的自信； 更多的源自工作的快乐。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,30,focus1text,14 This is not about closing your eyes and pretending things are great if theyre not. Its about appreciating the fact that people in constant states of dissatisfaction erode an organizations will and ability to act. The trick is to appreciate what you have and still aim for more. New maxim: Always be appreciative but never complacent.,Translation,14 这样做并非是对问题视而不见，情况不好时假装一切正常，而是要理解这样一个事实：员工若长期处于不满状态，便会使企业运转不够顺畅自如。所以诀窍在于重视已经拥有的，并怀抱更高的期待。 新警句：常怀欣赏之心，永不自鸣得意。,上海交通大学出版社,erode: vt. 1) 逐渐毁坏，削弱 e.g. Her confidence has been slowly eroded by repeated failures. 2) 侵蚀，腐蚀，风化 e.g. The sea has eroded the cliff face over the years. Metals are eroded by acids.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,31,focus1text,Old maxim 4: Nice guys finish last. 15 Meaning: We cant be too nice in business. In fact, being nice may hinder your career and impede results. 16 Thats just not true. Of course we should be nice at work. This doesnt mean that you have to be nice to all of the people all of the time, but it means that you absolutely can be a nice person and succeed in business. (To be continued),Translation,旧警句4：好人总是一事无成 15 含义：在商场上不能太好心，事实上，当好人可能会阻碍我们的事业发展，并妨碍工作出成绩。 16 这个说法完全不对。在工作中我们当然要做好人。但这并不是说，我们在任何时候在任何人面前都要当好好先生，而是说我们完全可以既做好人又取得商业上的成功。,上海交通大学出版社,hinder: vt. 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡 hinder sb./sth. (from sth./doing sth.): 阻碍、妨碍某人或某事物的进展；阻扰、耽搁某人或某事物 e.g. hinder sb. (from work) The crowd hindered him from leaving.,impede: vt. 阻碍，阻止 e.g. He impedes me to do the job well. The inflexibility of the countrys labor market seriously impedes its economic recovery.,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,32,focus1text,I previously wrote about jerks at work and why theyre bad for business. The conclusion: Unpleasant people hurt the bottom line. In a networked world reputation matters and its more important to be generous and likeable than to be ruthless and efficient. New maxim: Nice guys get the job done.,Translation,我之前曾写过一篇关于“工作上脾性古怪的人及其为何对企业有害”的文章，其结论是：令人生厌的人损害公司业绩。在网络时代，声誉至关重要，慷慨和讨人喜欢比无情和高效更为要紧。 新警句：好人能办事。,上海交通大学出版社,ruthless: a. 残酷无情的，残忍的 e.g. He shows ruthless disregard for other peoples feelings. Dont be taken in by his charming manner; hes completely ruthless.,Question about Para. 16,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,33,7. Whats the authors definition of a nice guy?,focus1text,Being a nice person doesnt mean that you have to be nice to all of the people all of the time. Instead, you should be generous and likeable rather than ruthless and efficient.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,34,focus1text,Old maxim 5: Grow or die. 17 Meaning: A business is either growing or dying. A business cant be successful if its not growing. 18 Growth certainly has some positive effects, especially because it creates new possibilities and challenges for an organization and its people. (To be continued),Translation,旧警句5：要么去扩张，要么遭淘汰 17 含义：企业要么扩张，要么完蛋。规模保持不变的企业不可能成功。 18 扩张当然会产生一些积极的效果，特别是因为它能为企业及其员工创造新的机遇和挑战。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: Top 5 Business Maxims that Need to Go,35,focus1text,Im not saying that growth is bad, but that growth isnt always right for every business. Sometimes a business might be better off spending a quarter or a year not growing but simply consolidating existing business. Consequently, not growing or even shrinking does not automatically represent business failure.,Translation,我不是说扩张不好，而是说扩张不一定对每个企业都有利。有时候，企业用一个季度或一年的时间巩固现有业务远比扩张对企业更有意义。因此，不扩张甚至精减并不一定意味着企业的失败。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 18,Meaning: In some cases it might benefit a company more if it concentrates its efforts on strengthening instead of expanding its present business for a period of time like three months or a year. Therefore, maintaining the present scale of the company or even downsizing it does not necessarily mean losses.,be better off doing sth.: （在某种情况下）更好 e.g. Hed be better off going to the police about it.,consolidate: vt. 1) 使加强，使巩固 e.g. He bribes his leader to consolidate his position. 2) 联合，统一 e.g. He consolidated five separate agencies into a single department. In this sense, consolidate can also be used as an intransitive verb. e.g. The two companies consolidated last year.,consequently: ad. 所以，因而 e.g. He had been ill for a long