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- 中国首家承诺学习效果的在线教育公司初二英语上册(外研版)Module 8 Accidents知识点总结一、重点词汇 pale 原文再现 You look pale. 你看起来脸色苍白。基本用法 pale adj. 苍白的;无力的 Why does your face look so pale? Whats wrong with you? 为什么你的脸色看起来是如此苍白?发生什么事了吗? appear 原文再现 While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. 当交通灯变红的时候,一辆车突然从拐角出现。基本用法 1. appear vi. 出现(过去式:appeared 过去分词:appeared 现在分词:appearing 第三人称单数:appears) A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway. 一个女人蓦地出现在门口。 The sun appeared on the horizon. 太阳出现在地平线上。 2. appear 做系动词,意为:显得,好像 The old man appears to be in good health. 这位老人显得健康。知识拓展-相关单词 1. disappear v. 消失,不见 The snow will soon disappear when the warm weather comes.天气变暖时,雪很快就会融化。 2. appearance n. 外貌,外观 He had the appearance of a college student. 他的模样就像个大学生。 round 原文再现 While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. 当交通灯变红的时候,一辆车突然从拐角出现、基本用法 1. round prep. 绕过,到的另一边,围绕 Suddenly a car came round a corner on the opposite side. 突然,对面的街角处拐过一辆汽车。 They were sitting round the kitchen table. 他们正围坐在餐桌旁。2. round n. 圆,圆形;循环; They dance in a round. 他们围成圆圈跳舞。 3.round adj. 圆形的;弧形的; The round sun was setting. 圆圆的太阳就要落山了。 4.round adv. 到处;在周围Shall we look round first? 我们先四处看看好吗? corner 原文再现 While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. 当交通灯变红的时候,一辆车突然从拐角出现。基本用法 corner n. 角落,拐角处;in the corner 意为:在角落 He sat in the corner of a second-class carriage. 他坐在一节二等车厢的角落里。知识拓展-词义辨析: on the corner/in the corner/at the corner/around the corner on the corner 物体表面的角上 in the corner 物体内部的角落里at the corner 物体外部的角落上(拐角处) around the corner 即将来临 The Spring Festival is just around the corner. 春节即将来临。 hit 原文再现 So did the car hit the boy? 那么车撞上小孩了吗?基本用法 hit v. 打,撞击 (过去式:hit 过去分词:hit 现在分词:hitting 三单:hits) She hit him a hard blow. 她狠狠地打了他一拳。 hit/beat sb. on/in the+身体部位,指:打着某人的(身体部位) 注:面积大的,会凹陷的用in;小的,硬的,突出的地方用on。hit sb. in the face 打在某人脸上 hit sb. on the nose /jaw 打在某人鼻子上/下巴上知识拓展-词义辨析 beat/hit/strike 这些动词均含有“打”之意。 1. beat:普通用词,含义广泛,指连续打击,游戏、竞赛或战争中作打败解。也可指心脏“跳动”。 Hes alive -his heart is still beating. 他还活著心脏还在跳。 2. strike:普通用词,多指急速或突然一次猛击。还可表示“擦着(火柴)”;时钟“敲响”;“突然想起”A terrible thought suddenly struck me. Had anyone broke into house? 我突然有了一个可怕的想法。已经有人闯入房子吗? 3. hit:普通用词,常与strike换用,侧重有目标的猛击,强调用力击中。 glad 原文再现 No, Im glad to say. 没有, 我高兴地说。基本用法 glad adj. 高兴的,乐意的 Glad to see you. 很高兴见到您。 They were so glad to be together. 又能在一起,他们真是太高兴了。 in time 原文再现 The car stopped in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee. 车及时停下,但是小男孩从自行车上摔下来,摔伤了膝盖。基本用法 in time 及时 He might get here in time, but I cant be sure. 他可能及时来到这里,不过我不能确定。 The doctor came in time to save his life. 医生及时来抢救他的生命。知识拓展-词义辨析 in time/on time1. in time“及时”,指的是不迟到或在提前的时间之前做某事,后面可接不定式或for短语。 2. on time“准时”,指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事,后面不可以跟不定式或for短语。 Joe was just in time for the bud. Joe正好赶上那班汽车。 They got there on time to see the exhibition. 他们准时到那儿,去看了那个展览。 fall off 原文再现 The car stopped in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee. 车及时停下,但是小男孩从自行车上摔下来,摔伤了膝盖。基本用法 fall off 减少;跌落 When you are learning to ride a bicycle, you often fall off. 在你学骑自行车时,你常常会从车上摔下来。知识拓展-词义辨析:fall词组 1. fall down 掉下来,摔倒 Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.婴儿在学走路时经常摔倒。 2. fall behind 落后 He didnt want to fall behind in his studies. 他不想在学习上落后于别人。 3. fall into 落入 The boy fell into water and had to be pulled out at once. 男孩掉入了水中,必须马上拉上来。 risk 原文再现 So when youre on your bike, think about the risk of an accident! 因此你骑自行车的时候,要想想事故的危险性。基本用法 1. risk n. 危险 What do you do to lower your risk of stroke? 你要做些什么来降低你患中风的风险呢? take risks/a (or the) risk (of doing sth.)指:冒风险做某事 If you refuse to take risk, you cant have better returns. 如果你决绝承担风险,你就不能获得很高的回报。 2. risk v. 冒风险,用于risk doing sth,意为:冒险做某事 He didnt want to risk getting wet, because he had only one suit. 他不想冒险弄湿,因为他只有一套西装。 attention 原文再现 Pay attention, stop at the red lightsand what else? 留心注意,红灯停还有什么?基本用法 attention n. 注意,注意力 pay attention 指“专心,集中注意力”,pay attention to sth/doing sth 指“集中注意力于某事” We want you to pay attention. 我们希望得到你们的关注。 We should pay attention to our spoken English.我们应该注意英语口语。 side 原文再现 Dont walk side by side with your friends. 不要跟朋友肩并肩走。基本用法 side n. 边,侧面,方面 We put a notice on the side of the box. 我们在箱子的一侧贴了警示标。 side by side 肩并肩;互相支持地 The two children are walking side by side. 那两个孩子肩并肩地走着。知识拓展-相关短语 hand in hand 手牵手 face to face 面对面 heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 back to back 背对背地 hand in hand 手拉手地arm in arm 臂挽臂地 step by step 逐步地 bite 原文再现 I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. 我想把它捡起来,这时它咬了我一口。基本用法 1. bite v. 咬,叮(过去式:bit 过去分词:bitten 现在分词:biting 三单:bites) Both sisters bit their nails as children. 两姐妹都像小孩儿一样咬指甲。 We were all badly bitten by mosquitoes. 我们都被蚊子咬惨了。2. bite n. 咬;一口 He took another bite of apple. 他又咬了一口苹果。 climb 原文再现 It climbed out and hid somewhere. 它爬出去,藏在了什么地方。基本用法 climb vt.& vi. 爬上,攀登(过去式:climbed 过去分词:climbed 现在分词:climbing 三单:climbs) He picked up his suitcase and climbed the stairs. 他拎起手提箱,爬上了楼梯。 climb up 指“向上攀爬” The old lady climbed up the stairs with difficulty.这位老太婆艰难地爬上楼梯。 hide 原文再现 It climbed out and hid somewhere. 它爬出去,藏在了什么地方。基本用法 hide vt. 隐藏;隐瞒(过去式:hid 过去分词:hidden 现在分词:hiding三单:hides) Hearing someone come in, he hid himself behind the curtain. 听见有人进来了,他一闪身藏在了窗帘的后面。 Dont try to hide your mistakes. 不要掩饰你的错误。 throw 原文再现 I threw it across the kitchen, and it landed on a table. 我把它扔到厨房另一端,它落在桌子上。基本用法 throw vi. 投掷;丢;抛(过去式:threw 过去分词:bitten 现在分词:biting 三单:bites) Throw me that dictionary. 把那本词典扔给我。 He threw the ball to another player. 他把球传给另一个队员。知识拓展-相关短语1. throw away 扔掉,丢弃 He threw away the old sofa. 他把旧沙发扔掉了。 2. throw at 向扔 Dont throw stones at my dog. 不要用石头打我的狗。 pain 原文再现 As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse. 当医生们检查他的时候,疼痛更厉害了。基本用法 pain n. 痛苦,身体某部分的疼痛 I felt a sharp pain in my lower back. 我感觉到后腰一阵剧痛。 She gave me some medicine to dull the pain. 她给了我一些可减轻疼痛的药。 worse 原文再现 As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse. 当医生们检查他的时候,疼痛更厉害了。基本用法 worse是bad/badly的比较级,既可以做形容词,也可以做副词。 1. worse adj. 更坏的;恶化的 The weather is getting worse and worse. 天气越来越坏。 2. worse adv. 更坏地,更糟地 He is behaving worse than ever.他的所作所为比以前更坏。 medicine 原文再现 As soon as they learnt what kind of snake bit him, they gave Henry the right medicine, and he left hospital the next day. 他们知道是哪种蛇咬他后,立即给亨利开出正确的药,他第二天就回家了。基本用法 medicine n. 药;医学 This medicine has done me a lot of good. 这药对我帮助很大。 吃药,表示为:take this/the medicineEven though I take medicine, I feel worse than I do yesterday. 虽然吃了药,却好像比昨天更严重。知识拓展-词义辨析:pill/medicine/drug/tablet pill 做 “药丸”讲,pill 和 tablet 可以互换,但pill 还可以指 “避孕药”。安眠药可以说a sleeping pill. medicine 有时可以和drug互换。但该词除指治疗疾病的具体药物,尤其是内服药以外,还可以引申指对 健康有益的其他治疗方法。 drug 广义上指任何用于治疗目的的药物,狭义指麻醉剂,尤其指能使人上瘾的毒品。 tablet 药片, 安眠药也可以说成 a sleeping tablet 。二、重点句型 While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner. 当交通灯变红的时候,一辆车突然从拐角出现。基本用法 本句包含一个由while引导的时间状语从句,while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思 是:当while 事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何。从时间的角度来看,while 表示的是一段时间,是 一个过程,因此必须用延续性动词。 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视。 While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。 You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。出题建议 在语法专练模板下,选择时间状语从句下“引导词的选用”,题型可选择:单选、完成句子等,同时在关键词中输入:while。 So when youre on your bike, think about the risk of an accident! 因此当你骑自行车的时候,要考虑事故的危险性。基本用法 本句包含一个when引导的时间状语从句,when引导的时间状语从句表示“当的时候”,既可以指时间段 也可以指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可以用非延续性动词,且动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生 又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 when she came into my room I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? Sorry,I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。 I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。知识拓展:词义辨析:when/as /while 这三个词都可以用作连词,表时间关系,但有区别:1. as “当(在)时候”往往可与when 或while通用,但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情相并发生。如: I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 当下公共汽车的时候,我看见了他。 2. when “当(在)的时候”主句和从句的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候,正下着雨。 3. while “当(在)的时候”表主句的动作或事情发生在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程之中。从句通常为进行时态。它有时可与when通用,但它只能指一段时间(a period of time),而不能指一点时间(a point of time)。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候,请勿大声讲话。出题建议 在语法专练模板下,选择时间状语从句下“引导词的选用”,题型可选择:单选、完成句子等,同时在关 键词中输入:when。 Anything else? 还有什么吗?基本用法 本句实际为一个省略句,完整的句子为:Is there anything else? 同时anything为复合不定代词,形容词修饰复合不定代词,需后置。 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没毛病。 Can you tell me something interesting? 你能告诉我点儿有趣的事吗? One day, when Henry was working in a restaurant, a snake suddenly appeared and bit his hand. 一天,亨利正在餐厅工作,一条蛇突然出现,咬了他一口。基本用法 本句中包含由when引导的时间状语从句,表示“当他正做的时候”,此处强调主句和从句的动作同时发生, when可以替换为while。 When /While he was reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。 He asked me a question when/while I was speaking. 我在讲话时,他问了我一个问题。 I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. 我刚要把它捡起来,它又咬了为 一口。基本用法 本句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句,可以翻译为“这时”。when引导的时间状语从句中既可以用 延续性动词也可以用非延续性动词,此处不能和while互换。 I was helping my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda II when the telephone rang. 我正帮朋友下载电影功夫熊猫2,这时电话响了。 Mary was riding her bicycle to the park when she was hit by a car. 玛丽在骑自行车去公园的路上,被车撞了。 As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse. 当医生们给他检查的时候,疼痛更严重了。基本用法 本句包含由as引导的时间状语从句,as引导时间状语从句时,通常具有如下特点: 1. as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句用 的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边边”。例如: The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。 2. as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句 有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as 常常翻译成“随着”之意。 As the time went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。 As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。出题建议 搜索由as引导的时间状语从句时,在语法专练模板下选择时间状语从句下引导词的选用,题型可选择单选、 完成句子等,同时在关键词中输入:as。 As soon as they learnt what kind of snake bit him, they gave Henry the right medicine, and he left hospital the next day. 他们知道是哪种蛇咬他后,立即给亨利开出正确的药,他第二天就回家了。基本用法 本句包含as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示“一就”,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而且可以用于各种 时态。 Ill write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时) 注意:as soon as引导的时间状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时。 As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure. 我一进门,Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。(一般过去时)Ill return the book as soon as I have read it. 我一读完就把书还回去。(现在完成时) Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee. Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。(过去完成时)出题建议 搜索由as引导的时间状语从句时,在语法专练模板下选择时间状语从句下引导词的选用,题型可选择单选、 完成句子等,同时在关键词中输入:as soon as。 So if a snake bites you, take out your mobile phone or camera. 因此如果蛇咬了你,拿出手机或相机。基本用法 本句包含if引导的条件状语从句。主句是如下三种情况时,从句通常用一般现在时: 1. 当主句是一般现在时或是一般将来时时; 2. 当主句是祈使句时; 3. 主句含有情态动词时。 本句中从句是一般现在时,主句为祈使句。 If shedoesntcome, she will be sorry. 如果她不来,她会遗憾的。Have a good rest if you are tired. 如果累了,你就好好休息一下。 We must study hard if we want to pass the final exam. 如果想通过期末考试,我们必须努力学习。 But as you know, the snake wont smile! 但是正如你所知,蛇是不会笑的!基本用法 本句中“as you know”是由as引导的非限制性定语从句。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首,也可以 放在句中,但是which引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。 Kate was late for school, as often happened.=Kate was late for school, which often happened. 凯特上学迟到,这是常有的。 as引导非限制性定语从句,还有“正如,如同”的含义。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是个发展中国家。As is well known,great changes have taken place in China. 众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。三、重点语法 when/as/while引导的时间状语从句 这三个词都可以用作连词,表时间关系,但有区别: 1. as“当(在)时候”往往可与when或while通用,但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情相并发生。 如: I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 当下公共汽车的时候,我看见了他。 as还可以表示随着”之
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