2020版高考英语大一轮复习课时达标21Unit1Greatscientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

课时达标(二十一) Unit 1 Great scientists(见学用课时P49) 阅读理解A课标话题人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人物体裁记叙文词数 311难度 (2019河南省实验月考)Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary: The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer(武器制造商)This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？It was this thought that led him to leave his moneya huge amount of itfor the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗议) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part the awards dont cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinnersamong them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jrhave made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.语篇导读1888年，Alfred Nobel偶然看到了一则“讣告”他由此开始反思，并设立了诺贝尔奖，以奖励在科学、文学以及和平方面作出突出贡献的人。1How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper?ASad and worried.BShocked and upset.CSurprised and confused.DAmused and puzzled.解析 B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，看到这则讣告时，他不仅吃惊，而且很生气，故选B项。2What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary?ASeek excellence in the sciences.BDonate all his money to the charity.CStop producing any killing weapons.DSet up the Nobel prizes with his money.解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Alfred Nobel看到这则讣告之后，想了很多，最终决定把遗产中大部分的钱用于设立诺贝尔奖，故选D项。3Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust?ATo show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.BTo give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.CTo explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.DTo prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.解析 A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句并结合下文可知，作者提到这两位作家，是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖存在争议，故选A项。4What does the author think of the Nobel prizes?AThere should be more female winners.BThere are too many controversial winners.CThey have honored many worthy winners.DThe committee should be more selective.解析 C观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖奖励了很多值得赞赏的人，故选C项。B课标话题人与社会科技发展体裁记叙文词数 308难度 (2019石家庄重点高中摸底)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.In just three months, Rao came up with a device that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “Americas top young scientist” for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that “the purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.语篇导读一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅含量的装置，从而解决了一个多年来科学家忽视的问题。【熟词生义】lead常用义：v.引领生义：n.铅put常用义：v.放，安置生义：v.表达reader常用义：n.读者生义：n.阅读器5What do we know about Raos device?AIts cheap and quick.BIts cheap and inaccurate.CIts expensive and reliable.DIts portable and timeconsuming.解析 A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可推知，与以前又贵又费时的设备相比，Rao所发明的设备既便宜又省时，与第三段最后一句相呼应，故选A项。6What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?AHer parents suggestions.BHer desire for winning the award.CHer interest in settling real problems.DThe water pollution litigation in Flint.解析 D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Rao设计这种装置的想法是受一起水污染诉讼的启发，故选D项。7What do the carbon nanotubes function as?ASending immediate signals.BDetecting the presence of lead.CRecording the reaction results.DShowing the water quality results.解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，这个碳纳米管可以对铅起反应，即可以检测出水中是否含有铅，故选B项。8What does the author think of Raos invention?AIt will lead Rao to make a fortune.BIt will help millions of Americans drink safe water.CIt will promote the development of science in America.DIt will soon settle the leadpolluted problem thoroughly.解析 B观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Rao的发明可以影响数百万美国人；再根据上文可知，该发明可以帮助检测饮用水的安全性，故选B项。 完形填空课标话题人与自我未来职业规划体裁记叙文词数 305难度 (2019昆明两区调考)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten.I hadnt considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school.Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people _2_ me to be an engineer.But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_.I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows, old and strict.What I got was exactly _6_.Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology.Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n)_9_.It meant I was headed for a career in biological research._10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists arent just what you _11_ on the National Geographic Channel.They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems.This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it.While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to _15_ experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people.As it _16_,_I loved every minute of it.Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love.Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was _18_,_but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way.Now, I try my best to learn new things and _20_ new knowledge.1Adevelopment Bdifficulty Cchoices Drequirements2A.appointing Bforcing Callowing Dencouraging3A.university Boffice Croom Dlab4A.league BlectureCtest Dteamwork5A.agent Bvolunteer Chost Dprofessor6A.opposite Btraditional Ctypical Dsimilar7A.average BcasualCenthusiastic Dsevere8A.realize Bregret Crefuse Drecall9A.lawyer Beducator Cscholar Dengineer10A.As to BDue toCOn behalf of DIn spite of11A.take care of Bmake fun ofClearn about Dsearch for12A.solve Bbring Craise Dignore13A.concepts Bopportunities Cfaith Dambition14A.enjoyed Bdoubted Crecommended Dacknowledged15A.replace Bpredict Cconduct Dcopy16A.came about Bbroke up Cset off Dturned out17A.literature Bscience Clanguage Dart18A.precious Bsmooth Cbeneficial Dslow19A.promised Bshowed Cleft Dawarded20A.record Badmire Ccreate Dforget语篇导读本文讲述了“我”上大学后，老师和教授们对“我”的专业和择业产生的深远影响。1解析 C根据第8空后的that I had other choicesin biological research可知，高中毕业时，“我”没有考虑过众多的职业选择(choices)，故选C项。2解析 D像大多数数学和科学课出众的学生一样，人们鼓励(encourage)“我”以后成为一名工程师。appoint任命，安排，故选D项。3解析 A根据第15空所在句的While I was at university, I learnedwhat I learned with people可知，此处指上大学(university)后，一切都发生了改变，故选A项。4解析 B根据下文中的and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology可知，空处填入的词在范畴上应与classes一致，lecture(讲座)符合语境，故选B项。5解析 D根据下一段可知，此处指坐等教授(professor)的到来，故选D项。6解析 A根据上下文可知，“我”以为来上课的老师