法液空吊装作业培训中英文双语版ALHZ_HSE_training_009_A_crane---CN.ppt

CRANE 起重机,ALHZ HSE_training 009a. rev.1 Based on C-GS-17-0-2-A JHA(2010.06) & HSE plan rev.A,2,Table of content,3,Background 背景,Description 描述 On July 13th, MCC is unloading the weight of 80t crane from truck. Due to space limit, the working position of 25t crane can not fulfill this mission. The distance between 3t weight and crane is 18m, which is beyond the 25t cranes working radius 16m. To save time, the cranes driver decided to slanting lift this weight to the ground to release the truck, When he pulled the weight from the truck which fell on to the ground. This dangerous act of lifting cause the back supporting leg of crane get off the ground about 50mm. 7月13日，MCC将80吨的起重机从卡车上卸载下来。由于空间的限制，25吨起重机工作的位置无法完成吊装任务。因为当时货物与起重机的距离为18米，超过了25吨起重机16米的工作半径。但是为了节省时间，吊车司机决定倾斜的将货物从卡车吊装到地面上。这个危险的吊装行为导致起重机的后方支撑腿离开地面50毫米。,4,Background 背景,Description 描述 One PSSI happened in ALHZ site - The 630t crane fell down after lift jobs finished when they removed its small support and beam 发生在ALHZ现场的一个PSSI：完成吊装工作后，当他们移除起重机的支撑时，这个630吨的起重机发生了侧翻。,5,Background 背景,Description 描述 Inspection to tower crane equipment acted on July 06 and defects are noted as below: 7月6日对塔吊进行检查，其缺点如下： Parts of tower crane platform and strutting structure deformed and damaged. 塔吊的部分平台以及钢结构发生变形和损害。 No screw bolt fastened for meeting stile joint, only binding by iron wire. 平台阶梯结合处的螺栓没有拧紧，且仅仅通过铁丝来固定。,6,Background 背景,Description 描述 Because the 2nd stage cooler core had leakage, so the client used the travelling crane to lift the core, but when they intended to put down the core to floor at about 5 meters, the core slide from slings to earth on sealing head side, then the other side of core hit the ground again. This incident made the flanges and nozzles on the sealing head bend, and the frame with blocks bent like wave. 由于2级冷却器内部存在渗漏，客户便使用移动式起重机将冷却器内核吊起。但是，当他们试图在距离地面5米的高度将冷却器内核放下时，内核的封头侧发生滑落，从而导致内核的另一侧撞击到地面。此次事故导致封头侧的法兰以及管口撞弯，同时导致整个换热器框架弯曲成波浪状。,stile joint,7,Background 背景,8,Unsafe foundation can result in the tipping of the crane 不安全的地基会导致起重机的侧翻。,Background 背景,9,Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane 不合理的载重或者速度会导致起重机侧翻。,Background 背景,10,Improper Load不合理的载重,Background 背景,11,Improper Load不合理的载重,Background 背景,12,Background 背景,Movie Show视频,13,Objective目的,This training material is intend to tell you: 此培训材料为了告诉我们： The safety use of crane on site现场起重机的安全使用 The risks of the crane lifting existed吊装过程中存在的风险 What kinds of rules you need to take in advance 吊装之前需要遵守的标准 The safety inspection and record for crane using 使用的起重机的安全检查和记录,14,Definition of crane 起重机的定义,Crane Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads 由一个在橡胶轮胎上，在水平方向可以上升和下降的旋转结构组成,These following forms of lifting equipments may be used on site: 现场可能使用的吊装设备的类型： Conventional lattice boom crawler cranes传统的桁架起重臂履带吊 Conventional lattice boom truck cranes, (friction / hydraulic) 传统的桁架起重臂式汽车吊（摩擦/液压驱动） Tower cranes (all types)塔吊(所有类型) Piling equipment打桩设备,15,Risk analysis风险分析,There are many risks existed while using the crane improperly: 不正确的使用起重机会存在以下危险： Poor condition of the lifting equipments (Including hook and sling) 起重设备质量问题（吊钩和吊索） Boom or crane contact with energized power lines 吊杆或起重机碰到带电的电源线 Work under the hook lifting device (co-activity), 在吊钩提升设备下方工作（同时作业） Overturned cranes,倾覆 Dropping loads,货物脱钩 Boom collapse,吊杆断裂 Counter weight uncontrolled movement,配重失去控制 Outrigger use,吊车支腿的使用 Poor weather conditions,恶劣天气状况 Rigging failures索具失效,16,Risk analysis 风险分析,Improper using of the crane 不合理的使用吊车,17,Risks precautions风险预防,Lifting plan起重计划 Before executing a lifting job in construction or commissioning site, if the weight of the lifting equipments equal or more than 10t, the sub-contractor shall develop a lifting plan and submit to ALHZ site HSE lead engineer for approval. 在施工或调试现场实施起重作业前, 假如起重设备重量等于或超过10吨，分包商需在作业前制订起重计划，并交由ALHZ现场HSE 主管确认 Before executing a lifting job in MF, if the weight of the lifting equipments equal or more than 30t, the lifting team shall develop a lifting plan and submit to ALHZ MF HSE manager for approval. 在制造部实施起重作业前, 假如起重设备的重量等于或超过30吨，起重小组需在作业前制订起重计划，并交由ALHZ现场HSE 主管确认,18,Risks precautions 风险预防,The lifting plan shall cover:起重计划包括： Route that transport will take to position of the load to lifting 装载到起重地点的路线 Initial lifting of the load including radius 货物的初步起吊（包括半径 ） Final placement position of the load including radius 最后卸载地点（包括半径） Location of the crane起重机的位置 Obstruction/equipment/facilities in the vicinity of lifting operation 起重作业附近的阻碍物/设备/设施 Safety measures/precaution to ensure safe lifting 为确保起重安全的安全措施/预防措施,19,Risks precautions 风险预防,Lifting equipment selection 起重装备的选择 Make sure the crane selection can satisfy the: 确保选择的起重机满足： Rated Load Capacities额定装载量 Operating Speeds运行速度 Location of center of gravity 重心位置 Special handling requirements特殊操作要求,Load Rating Chart,20,Risks precautions 风险预防,All crane and lift equipment operators on the ALHZ site shall be qualified in accordance with GB codes and related AL rules 根据国标的规定和相应的AL条例，ALHZ现场所有的吊车和起重机操作员须有相应的资质 The competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. 在使用之前和使用过程中，有资质的人员要对机械以及设备方面进行检查，确保其处于安全使用范围。 A record of the operators (Operator, signal man, rigger,) qualification certificates and of the crane inspection certificate by the technical supervision bureau shall be kept by the ALHZ Site HSE Lead Engineer. 作业人员（操作员、指挥员、起重工等等）的资格证书和技术监督局的起重机技术检验证书应由ALHZ现场的HSE现场主管保管,Qualification资质,21,Lifting authorization & Work Permit 起重许可证和操作许可证,For lifting activities on site, as per the C-GS-10-10-1 procedure, the following rules apply: 根据C-GS-10-10-1 程序，现场起重操作需遵守以下规则 On site: During construction, pipes lifting and hoisting are considered as “routine work”. Thus they only require a general work permit (C-FRM-10-10-1). If the load exceeds 10 tons, then the work is considered as heavy lifting and a lifting authorization (C-FRM-9-0-2) is required (such as columns, exchangers, machines, etc.). That lifting authorization is an attachment to the work permit. Refer to E-GS-9-3-1. During commissioning, whatever is the weight of the load, a lifting authorization is required. 现场 在施工期间，由于管道提升和吊装被视为“常规操作”，所以只需一般的操作许可证 (C-FRM-10-10-1)即可。假如载荷超过10吨，则视为重型提升和起吊（如塔台，交换器、设备等）那么就需要起重许可证(C-FRM-9-0-2)。根据 E-GS-9-3-1起重许可证为作业许可证的附件。 调试期间，不管载荷重量多大，都需有起重许可证。 In MF: the procedure C-PR-17-0-2 In-house Safe Work Permit shall be respected. 在制造部：根据C-PR-17-0-2程序的规定，需要具备室内安全作业许可证,22,Lifting appliances起重机组成,Crane introduction 起重机指示,23,术语,24,Wire rope钢丝绳,Broken rope 损坏的绳索,Lifting appliances 吊装用具,SWL=safety working load 安全工作载荷,Ensure the correct wire rope is used. Use a wire rope of a greater S.W.L whenever the exact weight of the load is unknown or there is a hazard to personnel. 确保使用正确的钢丝绳。当不能确定货物重量或载重有危险性的货物时使用安全荷载能力较大（安全工作载荷）的钢丝绳,25,Webbing sling吊带,Lifting appliances 吊装用具,Always inspect a sling before use. Use only identified slings. Never use a damaged sling. Never make knots in a sling. Never drag sling from underneath a load that is resting on it. 使用前检查吊带 只使用鉴定合格的吊带 不得使用损坏的吊带 吊带不得打结 禁止拖拽货物下面的吊带,26,Lifting appliances 吊装用具,Hook吊钩,Following rules apply to the safe use of hooks: All hooks should either bear a safety latch or be moused. Never overload a hook beyond its rated capacity. Hooks must be replaced when inspection shows spread, distortion, wear or fracture. Never place a load on the point of a hook, always in the center. 使用吊钩应遵守下列安全规定： 所有的吊钩需有安全弹簧锁或用绳索扎紧。 载重不能超过吊钩的额定载重能力。 当吊钩拉伸、变形、磨损或断裂时应更换吊钩。 货物要在吊钩中间，不得用吊钩的尖端起吊。,27,Lifting appliances 吊装用具,Chain 链条,Use only alloy steel chain and never exceed their safe working loads. Never shorten a chain by twisting or knotting it or with nuts and bolts. Never use a chain when the links are locked, stretched or without free movement. Stretching can be distinguished by small checks or cracks in the links, elongation of the links or a tendency for the links to bind on each other. Never use the tip of chain hooks to carry a load. Never re-weld alloy steel chain links. They must be replaced by the manufacturer. 使用链条应遵守下列安全规定： 使用合金钢链条并且不能超过其额定的安全载荷 禁止通过缠绕、打结或使用螺栓和螺母等方式使链条变短 禁止使用链环被锁、经过拉伸或不能自由移动的链条。通过链环的磨损和裂痕、链环的拉伸或链环的绑扎情况辨别是否可以拉伸。 禁止用链钩末端吊装货物。 合金钢链环不得重新焊接，必须由制造商更换。,28,Risks precautions 风险预防,Unguarded Chain Drive 未隔离的链条传动设备,29,Risks precautions 风险预防,Swing Radius,Stay out of the swing radius of the crane Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius 吊臂摆动半径内不能站人-确保吊臂摆动半径范围被隔离开,30,Risks precautions 风险预防,Broken Window,Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing 确保破碎了的窗户或其他障碍物不能阻挡操作工的视线,31,Risks precautions 风险预防,Ladder,Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab 使用梯子到达起重机驾驶室的上方,32,Risks precautions 风险预防,Runways and steps need to have guardrails, handholds and slip resistant surfaces 斜坡跑道或者阶梯需要有护栏系统,绳索以及防滑表面,33,Risks precautions 风险预防,Dont stand under suspended loads 禁止站在悬吊负荷下面,34,Risks precautions 风险预防,A boom angle indicator must be on the crane 起重机上必须安装有角度指示器,35,Risks precautions 风险预防,Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and level within 1 percent 起重机必须停留在坚硬的支撑表面,水平相差在一个百分比,36,Risks precautions 风险预防,The grooves must be smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damage 凹槽必须平滑,表面不能有任何导致绳子磨损的缺陷,37,Risks precautions 风险预防,Crane wasnt inspected and tipped over 起重机没有检查,翻倒,Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be made by a competent person The employer must maintain a record of these inspections 起重机械的检查必须由有资质的人完成 员工必须保存有这些检查记录,38,Risks precautions 风险预防,Equipment safety maintenance assessment设备安全维护方法,39,Equipment safety maintenance assessment 设备安全维护方法,确定地表下是否存在被水流腐蚀的凹槽，水坑或者孔洞 确定是否存在地表污水管，电话线或者水管线 在泥土或者沙子地面使用木板或金属板来稳固起重机支腿 检查是否存在漏油以及发动机防冻液的泄露（液压，柴油机，冷却液） 在设备运行的情况下禁止打开水箱盖 保证起重机的所有指令开关都能动作，并且标签与指令开关相对应 在对机器进行维护时，要有禁止机械运行的标志 在测试液体（柴油，润滑油等等）的泄露时，禁止使用明火照明,40,Risks precautions 风险预防,Liftinglowering of loads 负载的起吊-下落,41,Liftinglowering of loads 负载的起吊-下落,合理的，有计划的堆放负载物，最大程度上降低发生危险以及事故的概率 注意负载的下落，移除链条时确保负载的稳定 注意：不好的堆放会导致事故的发生！,42,Risks precautions 风险预防,Liftingsling removal and hook raising 起吊链条的移除和吊钩的提升,禁止站在悬吊负荷下面,可能侧翻,不要试图使用起重机移除链条,使用合适的支撑,用手移走链条,43,Risks precautions 风险预防,Liftinglifting capacity