《科技文体的翻译》PPT课件.ppt

科技文献的翻译 Translation of Scientific Works,科技文献可以泛指一切论及或谈及科学和技术的书面语和口语，其中包括： 1.科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案； 2.各类科技情报和文字资料；,3.科技实用手册（包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等等的结构描述和操作规程）； 4.有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的用语； 5.有关科技的影片、录像等有声资料的解说词，等等。,河流生态环境需水问题是一个涉及到水文、地质、气候、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护和社会经济发展等多方面的重要问题。,Eco-environmental water requirements of river play a great role in many fields, such as hydrology, geology, climate, water resource exploiting and using, eco-environmental protection, social economic development, etc.,目前，河流生态环境需水量研究正处于起步阶段，对河流生态环境需水量的概念及其内涵、河流生态环境需水量的确定原则与计算方法、需水量的保证措施与途经等，都有待于广泛深入研究。,Now the research is just on its beginning stage and requires extensive thorough study on many aspects, including its concept and connotation, definition principle, calculating approaches, guarantee measures and ways, etc.,本文在总结分析前人工作的基础上，对河流生态环境需水理论体系做了深入探讨。,Therefore, based on the analysis and summary of the previous studies, this paper carried out an in-depth study on the theory systems of eco-environmental water requirements of river.,首先，所谓准确就是指把原文的意思恰如其分的反映出来，要做到这一点译者就应该恰当的选择词汇并且尊重英语词语的搭配习惯。,1.词义的选择，这其中既包括专业词汇也包括普通词汇的词义选择,例1污染 contaminate (一般指食物由于接触秽物而形成的污染) Pollute （一般指空气、水和土壤等的污染）,例2土壤侵蚀为soil erosion， 金属侵蚀为metal corrosion；,例3一般调试为adjust， 调试计算机则为debug。,例4图形：几何图形用figure， 各种工作原理图、结构图、实物图、曲线图、简图、草图用diagram， 曲线图、标绘图、曲线进度表用graph， 机械图或者各种结构图种的各向视图用view，,零部件的外形轮廓图用profile， 图案、图形、图样、图谱、花纹等常用pattern， 而各种工程图纸及有关附图、插图常用drawing， 一般的草图、示意图常用scheme。,2尊重英语词语的搭配习惯,密度小 *small density low density 耐腐蚀 *endure corrosion resist corrosion,例1.使我们大为惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈地震而幸存下来的唯一的建筑物竟是砖木结构的。,误译：To our great surprise, the only building that fortunately existed after the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.,改译：To our great surprise, the only building that survived the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.,其次，所谓清晰就是指要把原文的意思充分而清楚的表达出来。为实现这一目标，译者可以使用下列方法： 加词法；非谓语结构法,1加词法： 例1.热胀冷缩是一切物质的共性。 It is a common property of all matter that it expands when heated and contracts when cooled.,例2.气压低，沸点低。,When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.,2非谓语结构,例1 大多数金属都是良导体，而银是最好的导电金属。,2非谓语结构,例1 大多数金属都是良导体，而银是最好的导电金属。,原译：Most metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of the metals that conduct electricity.,改译：Most metals are good conductors, with silver being the best.,第三，要实现简洁，译者就可以运用:1.减词法；2.名词化结构（复合形容词，复合名词，其他名词性结构）；3.合句法。,1 减词法的使用：汉语里的范畴词如工作、现象、作用、方法、技术、过程、装置、问题、情况、效应、方式、方法、途径、部分、设备、系统、化、体等等，译成英语时往往可以省略，并不影响意义。比如：,侵蚀工艺 *etching technology etching 水的蒸发现象 *the evaporation phenomenon of water the evaporation of water 这种加工方法 *this processing method this processing 氧化作用 oxidization 周期变化 cycling,2名词化结构的使用：,专门用于汽车大赛的汽车cars which are used in rallies rally-used cars 汽车修理厂买来的车 cars which are bought from garagegarage-bought cars 防锈金属metal which is proof against rust rust-proof metal,无核区-zone that is free from nucleus-nucleus-free zone 一英寸厚的钢板-a steel plate that is as thick as an inch-an-inch-thick steel plate,钢制的工具箱放在仓库里。箱里除了一些标准工具外，还有下列工具:一把12英寸长的卷尺、铜线、一些十公分长的铁钉、两脚插头、保险丝熔线和一个油壶。如发现工具丢失，请务必通知车间主任。,原译：The box for the tools, which is made of steel, is kept in the room for stores. In addition to the standard tools, it should contain a ruler for measuring up to 12 inches, some wire made of copper, some nails 10 centimeters long, a number of plugs with 2 pins, some wire for fuses and a can containing oil. If any tools are missing, the manager of the workshop should be told.(original version，73 words),改译：The steel toolbox is kept in the storeroom. In addition to the standard tools, it should contain a 12-inch ruler, some copper wire, some 10-centimeter nails, and a number of 2-pin plugs, some fuse wires and an oilcan. If any tools are missing, the workshop manager should be told.(revised version, 49 words),3. 合句法：当汉语相邻两个句子表示因果关系、对比关系，主从关系，部分整体关系，连续关系，或者平行关系时, 可以把它们合为一句以便更简洁的表达出这种关系。,例:可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增。并且，它在其它工业中的应用也会扩大。(平行关系),It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasingly in aerospace and in other industrial