葡萄酒知识培训资料.ppt

,Wine Training Program 葡萄酒培训,SINOLINKfine wines 精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒,I Wine History II Alcoholic Beverages III Definition of Wine IV Components of wine V Types of wine,I 葡萄酒历史 II 含酒精饮料 III 什么是葡萄酒 IV 葡萄酒的组成 V 葡萄酒种类,Table of Contents 目录,Table of Contents 目录,VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标 IX 葡萄酒单 X 葡萄酒服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝,VI Main Wine Countries VII Main Grape Varieties VIII Wine Labels IX Wine list X Wine service XI Wine tasting,I Wine History I 葡萄酒历史,Wine History,Middle Asia Caspian Sea Mesopotamia,5000 BC,Ancient Egypt,2500 BC,Ancient Greece,1600 BC,Roman Empire,1000 BC,Gaul (France) Spain Germany Austria,400 BC-100 AD,1400-1600,South Africa Mexico Argentina,1769,California (USA),Australia New Zealand,1788-1819,葡萄酒历史,中东里海 美索布达米亚,公元5000前,古埃及,公元2500年前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢 西班牙 德国 奥地利 葡萄牙,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非 墨西哥 阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚 新西兰,1788-1819,II Alcoholic Beverages II 含酒精饮料,Fermented Alcoholic Beverage 发酵型酒精饮料,Fruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg: Wine 水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如: 葡萄酒 Grain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg: Beer, Chinese rice wine, Sake 谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒,During the fermentation process, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and Co2 在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage 蒸馏型酒精饮料,History: Mesopotamia 3500BC - First Distillation used for perfume making 历史: 美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造 Distillation: Separation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏: 利用蒸发原理将液体分开 Spirits: Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid. 烈酒: 利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度 Liquors: Sweetened or flavored spirits 利口酒: 加香和增甜的烈酒,A few distilled alcoholic beverages: Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandy 一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料: 威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地 Tips： Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France 小知识： 干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage 蒸馏型酒精饮料,Summary 摘要,Alcoholic Beverages 含酒精饮料 1) Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2) Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages 葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料,III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义,Ripe & Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄 Crush the berries, release the juice and add yeast to the must. 压榨浆果, 使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物 Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol 发酵把糖份转化为酒精 WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,IV Components of Wine,Flavor Compounds (0.1%) Color & Tannins (in red wines) (0.3%) Acids (1%) Sugar (0.1% dry - 8% sweet) Alcohol (10% table wines, 20% fortified wines) Water (80%-90%),Notes: Approximate percentages by weight,IV 葡萄酒成分,含香物质 (0.1%) 色素和丹宁 (红葡萄酒) (0.3%) 酸 (1%) 糖份 (0.1% 干 - 8% sweet甜) 酒精 (餐酒10%, 加强葡萄酒20%) 水份 (80%-90%),注: 以上为重量的大约百分比,V Types of wine V 葡萄酒种类,Types of Wine （By wine making process）,Champagne,Cava,Port, Sherry,Red,White,Rose,SPARKLING WINE,STILL WINE,FORTIFIED WINE,Other Sparkling wines,葡萄酒种类 （按生产工艺分）,香槟酒,加瓦,钵酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,Types of Wine （By service sequence during a meal）,Aperitif （Dry sherry， Champagne, Dry white） Table Wine ( Red, White, Rose ) Dessert Wine ( Botrytis, Ice wine, Port， Late Harvest) Digestive ( Liquors, Grappa ),Sugar,alcohol,low,high,low,high,Beginning of the meal,End of the meal,葡萄酒种类 （按用餐时上酒顺序 ）,餐前酒 (干雪利酒,香槟酒, 干白葡萄酒) 餐酒 ( 红, 白, 玫瑰葡萄酒 ) 甜酒 ( 贵腐酒, 冰酒, 钵酒 , 晚丰收葡萄酒) 餐后消化酒 ( 利口酒, 果渣酒 ),糖份,酒精,低,高,低,高,用餐开始,用餐结束,VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国,Old World旧世界 France法国 2* Italy意大利 1* Spain西班牙3*,New World新世界 USA美国 4* Australia澳大利亚6* Chile智利 Argentina 阿根廷5* New Zealand新西兰 South Africa南非,*Top six producers in volume 产量前六名国家,(Southern hemisphere + USA) 南半球美国,(European Countries) 欧洲国家,Old World VS New World 旧世界VS新世界,Integrate more the soil and climate factors. “Terroir” 更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征 Long tradition and history 悠久历史和传统,Good visibility to the consumers 客人容易理解 Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种 Consistent weather 相应气候,Difficult visibility to the consumers 客人不易理解 Lots of regulations 很多规则,Too much standardization 标准太多 Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短,Old world 旧世界,( European Countries 欧洲国家 ),( Southern hemisphere + USA 南半球 美国 ),Pros 优点,New World 新世界,Cons 缺点,VII Grape Varieties 葡萄品种,Summary 摘要,8,000 grape varieties known in the world 世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种 1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world 世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒 200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄 100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄 50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄 Grape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine 不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,Main White Grape Varieties 主要白葡萄品种,White Grapes白葡萄品种 Chardonnay / 莎当妮 Sauvignon Blanc / 白苏维翁 Riesling / 薏丝琳 Gewuztraminer / 格乌兹莱妮 Pinot Grigio / 灰皮诺 Viognier / 威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Native to Burgundy 源于法国的勃根第地区 Now worlds most fashionable & famous white variety 当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种 Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满 White fruits and nutty flavor 白色水果及干果味,Chardonnay 莎当妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Bordeaux, central Loire 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部 Crisp acidity 清新爽口偏酸 Fresh and aromatic 清新果香芬芳 Citrus and Grassy 柑桔及青草味,Sauvignon Blanc 白苏维翁,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Grown in Alsace, Germany, South Australia, Washington State, etc 种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区, 南澳大利亚, 华盛顿 Versatile (dry, tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine) 变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化） Floral and mineral flavor 花香及矿物味 Naturally high acidity 天然酸度高 A tremendous capacity to age 可陈年,Riesling 薏丝琳,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Alsace, Germany, Austria 阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利 Complex, generous 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明 Lychee, rose, spices, clove notes 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味 Tropical Fruit & Cinnamon 热带水果味 & 肉桂味,Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Popular in Northern Italy 盛产于意大利北部 Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图 Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜，芬芳 Light color 颜色偏淡,Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺,Northern Rhne, Australia, California 北罗纳谷, 澳大利亚, 美国加州 Prestigious Condrieu AOC 有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地 Peach flavor 桃子香 Very low acidity 酸度极低,Viognier 威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Main Grape Varieties 主要葡萄品种,Red varieties 红葡萄品种 Cabernet Sauvignon / 加本力苏维翁 Merlot / 梅洛 Pinot Noir / 黑皮诺 Gamay /甘美 Shiraz (Syrah) / 设拉子 Sangiovese / 桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo / 尼比奥罗 Zinfandel / 仙芬黛 Tempranillo / 泰普妮洛,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full-bodied, tannic 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富 Very complex, long evolution 口味丰富， 陈年长 Blackcurrant, violet 黑加仑，紫罗兰,Cabernet Sauvignon 加本力苏维翁,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,A traditional Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满 Black and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolate 巧克力,Merlot 梅洛,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,King of Burgundy 勃根蒂之王 Cherry, raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities 泥土气息 A silky texture, little tannins 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,Pinot Noir 黑皮诺,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Grape used to make Beaujolais 用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄 Light purple in color 酒体呈浅紫色 Fruity and light in tannins 果香浓郁, 口感柔和 To be drunk young 趁年轻时喝,Gamay 甘美,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Mostly grown in Rhne Region, France, Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区, 澳大利亚 Rich black and red berry fruit, plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味 Rich and full-bodied 口感丰富，酒体饱满,Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子,Italys most common grape 意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种 Chianti 基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制 Brunello di Montalcino 蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 Lightly fragrant wines 酒香清淡 A distinct bitter cherry taste 独特的苦莓味 Tight tannins 强烈的丹宁味,Sangiovese 桑吉奥维斯,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Piemontese grape (Italy) 意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Tannic, acidic and austere. 丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉 Complex, full-bodied 酒体饱满，口味丰富 Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo 尼比奥罗,Mostly grown in California 主要种植于美国加州地区 Deeply concentrated berry fruit 浓缩的浆果味 Jammy 果酱味 Intriguing spice notes 独特香辣 A big finish 回味极佳,Zinfandel 仙芬黛,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,The fine Spanish variety 很好的西班牙葡萄品种 Rioja, Valdepenas 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区， Elegant and aromatic 优雅，芬芳,Tempranillo 泰普妮洛,VIII Wine Labels 酒标,How to Read Wine Label 怎样解读酒标?,Winery 酒庄名 Vintage年份 Alcohol Level酒精含量 Net Volume 净含量 (Name of Wine)酒名,New World 新世界 Grape Variety 葡萄品种 Old World 旧世界 Appellation产地 Classification等级,Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Sample from the New World 来自新世界的样标,S,Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标,What is the grape variety? 葡萄品种是什么？,IX Wine Lists 酒单,IX Types of Wine list 酒单种类,Wine list by region 根据产区的分类 Wine list by alphabetic order 根据字母顺序分类 Wine list by varieties 根据葡萄品种分类 Wine list by intensity of wine 根据葡萄的强度分类 Others 其他,X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单 Take the order without hesitation 确认订单 The client asks for recommendations客户要求推荐 Recommendations offered 建议 The client may doubt reinforce 客户也许置疑加强你的推荐 Presentation of the wine 展示葡萄酒 Open the wine bottle 葡萄酒开瓶 Client tastes the wine 客人品尝葡萄酒 Wine rejections 拒绝葡萄酒 Precipitations & Sediments沉淀物 Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序 Glass refill and reorder 葡萄酒续杯和加酒,Simply ask who is going to order the wine 简单询问哪位客人会点酒 The wine order is taken right after the order of the dishes 点餐完毕后点酒 The client can : -either make his wine order without hesitation 客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒 -or the client may ask for a recommendation 或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐,Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒单,Take the Order Without hesitations 客人自主点酒,Listen to the client carefully 仔细聆听客人的需求 Reformulate clearly his choice 再清楚无误的重复他的选择 You may congratulate him/her on the choice, especially in front of their guests 你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前 Never contradict him, respect his tastes 不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味 Never criticize a wine 绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒,Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒,Listen pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息 Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget. 根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒 Pay attention to the circumstances & season 注意环境和季节的变化 Offer one or two recommendations, no more. Do not read the wine list！ 只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单 Justify your choice briefly with a few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐,Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示,Traditional drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人 Promote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地,Promote the grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同,Region and appellation 产地 Vintage 年份,Grape variety 葡萄品种 Origin 产地,( European clients 欧洲客人 ),( Southern hemisphere USA clients 南半球 美国客人 ),New drinkers 刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人,What if the Client is in Doubt? 当客户犹豫不决时该如何做,Show him that you fully understood his request 说明你完全理解他的需要 Perhaps recommend him another wine 或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒 Most of the time, the client needs to be reassured 大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择 “To do so, tell him a few words about the vineyards, winemaker, recent wine tasting” 接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.,Presentation of the Wine 出示葡萄酒,Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered 站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标 Never hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈 Do not shake the bottle. Be gentle. 不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。 Red wine should be served at room temperature 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝 White, rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温,Open the Wine Bottle 葡萄酒开瓶,Always open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标 Do not turn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人 Cut the foil below the neck with opener. Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞 Bend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise 拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音 Present the cork upon successful removal from the bottle. Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上,Give the Client a Taste of the Wine 客人品酒,Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒 Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest 倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人 Ensure approval is given before you go on pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒,Wine Rejections 拒绝,Corkiness: If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard, then the wine is corked 被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味， 说明酒已被污染 Oxidation: Sometimes the wine can be oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to air 过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,Precipitations & Sediments 沉淀物,Sometimes, one can find Deposit of Crystals in white wines 在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。 - Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red & port wines. 有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。 - Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质 - Need to be decanted 需要进行醒酒,Theses in no way affect the wine quality 这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Precipitations & Sediments 沉淀物,Sometimes, one can find a deposit of crystals in white wines 在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。 - Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red & port wines 有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒