2010年江西省中考说明解读(英语学科).pptVIP

,2010年中考说明解读 江西省教育厅教研室 温爱英,2010年考纲解读,一、考试形式与试卷结构 二、考试题型解读 三、典型试题分析,一、考试形式与试卷结构 (英语考试的形式为闭卷答题形式),二、考试题型解读 （一）听力测试 （二）语言知识运用 知识运用部分分为两节：“语法和词汇”和“完形填空”。 （三）阅读理解 (四) 书面表达,（一）听力测试 听力注重在真实语境中考查学生了解英语的能力，重点考查学生能否听懂录音中对人和事的描述、情节的发展和结果，从而获取准确信息。听力测试将充分考虑到说话人的态度、情绪、语气、言外之意等因素，不会出现不需要听语言材料就能确定答案的情况。,课程标准对初中毕业生的听力技能目标的要求,1.能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； 2.能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点； 3.能借助语境克服生词障碍理解大意； 4.能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文，理解故事的因果关系； 5.能在听的过程中用适当方式作出反应； 6.能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。,中考听力主要考查学生以下几个方面的能力,1.对听力材料事实细节的理解； 2.对听力材料中交际性语言的掌握情况； 3.对对话背景、话题、地点、说话者之间的关系等作出判断； 4.理解说话者的意图观点和态度； 5.获取信息并填写信息。,听力理解的选材要求,1.必须是口语材料； 2.材料的情景要丰富真实，有很强的交际性和实用性； 3.内容贴近中学生生活，时代气息浓郁，题材多样； 4.材料应有足够的信息量和明确的语境，语言难度不要过高； 听力材料范围包括：课程标准中功能意念项目表中的常见内容，例如：介绍、送别、感谢、邀请、祝贺、约会、就餐、看病、问路、购物、道歉、文娱体育等和中学生生活紧密的话题。,听力测试A）部分 评价学生从有声材料中获取信息的能力。其评价目标为通过有关熟悉话题的简短对话，根据语调和重音，理解说话者的意图，并从中提取信息。,1. What is the boy going to buy? A. Some juice. B. Some oranges. C. Some apples. 1. M: Im going shopping, Mum. Do you need anything? W: Yes, get some apples and some oranges to make juice with. M: Well, we already have lots of oranges. W: OK, just some apples then.,10. What can we learn from the conversation? A. The girl has finished her science homework. B. The boy has finished his maths homework. C. The boy has finished his English exercises. 10. M: Have you finished the science homework yet? W: Im still working on it. What are you doing? M: Ive done my maths and Ive just started those English exercises. W: Im going to do them next.,听力测试B）部分 所涉及的内容为学生所熟悉的话题内容，如谈论天气、家庭、活动、购物、看病、打电话、聚会、旅游等。试题均以特殊问句的方式给出。其评价目标为能听懂接近正常语速的有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点。,Conversation 1 11. How many classes for beginners are there in a week? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 12. What time is the evening class over? A. At 7:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 9:30. 13. When will Judy probably have her piano lessons? A. On Tuesday morning. B. On Tuesday evening. C. On Wednesday evening.,Conversation 1 M: Good morning. Central School of Music. W: Good morning. My names Judy Black. Id like some information about piano lessons, please. M: Are you a beginner? W: Yes, Ive never played the piano before. M: Then youll want a beginners class. Theres one on Tuesday morning and another on Wednesday evening. W: I work during the day, so Id like the evening class. M: It begins at half past seven and its a two-hour class. W: Oh, that will be fine for me. Er, can you tell me how much I have to pay? M: Each lesson costs five pounds fifty. W: Great. Thank you very much. Bye. M: Bye.,听力测试C）部分 短文独白的理解。其所涉及的内容为学生所熟悉的学习和生活经历。短文的长度一般在150个词左右。该部分的评价目标是听懂接近正常语速的短文，理解短文所叙述的事实及说话者的意图、态度和观点,然后根据短文内容按要求作适当的记录。所填写的词不超过3个。,SCHOOL TRIP Day: Saturday Visit: 21. _ Leave at: 22. _ Meet in: 23. _ Cost: 24. _ Bring : 25. _,Boys and girls. I want to tell you about our school trip. Were going to go on Saturday. I hope you can all come. As you know, were going to visit the film museum. There are lots of very interesting things there about the cinema and how films are made. Well have to leave at eight forty-five, so dont be late. Well get there by bus. Please meet me in the car park. What next? Oh yes, the cost. Itll be six dollars seventy each. Now, Im going to give you some work to do at the museum. Youll need to write things down, so take a pencil and a notebook with you. Well have lunch in the museum restaurant, so you neednt bring any food with you. Well, I think thats everything.,听力在复习阶段要强化策略训练,注意连读、不完全爆破、同化音、重音、语调；速记电话号码、识别价格、数字、通过信号词（关联词）预测所听内容、识别说话者之间的关系；注意抓住会话中的关键信息、注意听“言外之意”、学会归纳、注意抓住重要细节 等。 所有策略分别贯穿在不同的话题中（如：Music, Hobbies, Sports，Telephoning, Shopping, Vacations, Health, School life, Food and drinks等 ）。,语法和词汇,语法和词汇，即单项填空，主要考查考生的语法知识和运用语法知识的能力，以及对词语和词语搭配、习惯用语等的正确理解能力。这部分试题覆盖面广，淡化了语法，突出了语言的实用性。从设计的角度看，这部分考查的重点不是语法结构和词汇记忆，而是把语法和词汇知识的测试放在适当的情景中，强调了语言知识的实际应用和交际功能。大多数题目考查考生在特定语境中理解和运用语法、词汇等基础知识的能力。,学生答题情况分析 （1）学生灵活运用语法和词汇的能力较弱。 （2）对于需要借助语境来答题的题目，学生的表现差强人意。 （3）学生对单词的掌握停留在音、形、意（意思）上。 （4）学生并未真正掌握相关的语法规则，更不用说正确使用语法规则。,学生对答题过程的反思分析 笔者选择了一些错误率比较高的试题让学生对答题过程进行反思，并说明作答的理由。下表选取的是一些典型试题，学生错选的答案是一致的，错选的理由有很大的共性。,（28）-Are you going to Beijing by plane? -Its fast, but expensive. So I am not sure. I _ take a train. A. should B. may C. must D. will 错选D的学生所解释的原因为：问句有be going to结构，表示将来时态，所以选择will。 老师经常说：用什么时态问，就用什么时态回答。,（29）-What a hot day! Have you had a drink? -Yes. But Id like to have _ after work. A. it B. one C. other D. another 错选B的学生所解释的原因为：老师经常比较it和one的用法，这里用代词代替a drink，同类不同物，所以选one；但如果把other和another放在A选项和B选项，我就会选another，因为考点应该是对other和another的辨析。,（35）-Nancy, how long does it take to fly to Canada? -Sorry, I dont know. But I can telephone my father to _ it for you. A. do B. check C. catch D. find 错选C的学生所解释的原因为：平时对catch一词的用法考得最多，对catch the bus，You speak too fast, I cant catch it这种搭配特别熟悉，而check和时间搭配平时老师讲得少，所以认为选catch的可能性最大。,（36）-Whom would you like to be your assistant, Jack or David? -If I had to choose, David would be _ choice. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 错选B的学生所解释的原因为：Jack和David，两者之间用比较级，形容词比较级前不用定冠词the，最高级前才要用the，所以选better。,（37）_ spending our vacation in a hotel, why not try hiking in the country? A. Instead of B. Because of C. Thanks to D. As for 错选D的学生所解释的原因为：汉语搭配“关于（至于），为什么不？”，所以选As for。,（39）-Inventors have changed the way we live. -So they are famous for the great things they _. A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done 错选D的学生所解释的原因为：第一句用了完成时态，第二句很可能也用完成时态，另外，发明家出名肯定是因为已经完成了伟大的事情，所以就选了had done。,（40）-Have you found the information about famous people _ you can use for the report? -Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 错选D的学生所解释的原因为：定语从句的先行词是人，引导词就用who，在句中做宾语，就用宾格whom。这里的先行词是famous people，在定语从句中又是做宾语，所以引导词当然是whom。,分析学生对答题过程的反思和作答的理由，可以发现：,（1）学生利用教师传授的应试技巧来答题。 （2）学生生搬硬套语法规则来答题。 （3）学生带着汉语思维习惯来答题。 （4）因固定搭配导致的思维定势影响答题。,教师对语言知识的教学和测试的看法,（1）应该在语境中考查学生灵活运用语言知识的能力。但编制这样的题目对于他们来说太难了，关键是缺乏命题技术和相关的资料。 （2）学生做此类题目拿不到高分是必然，因为平时这样的练习学生做得太少。 （3）新教材语法项目杂、生词量大，内容多、任务重。,结论与建议,一方面，教师在平时的教学中，要多设计一些把语言形式、语言意义和语言运用紧密结合在一起的教学活动，以培养学生真正的语言运用能力；另一方面，教师和有关教研人员必须认真研读有关语言测试理论与实践的著作，逐步提高命题技术，使测试更加科学、合理、有效，真正发挥测试对教学积极的反拨作用。,1语言知识的教学要坚持实践性原则 （1）合理把握语法和词汇教学的要求。 （2）在语境中教语法和词汇。 （3）在运用中巩固语法和词汇。,2语言知识的测试要坚持运用性原则 （1）对语言知识的考查应注重考查语言的运用，而不是语言的用法。 （2）一定要在语境中考查学生运用语言知识的能力。 （3）所选语言素材要鲜活、真实，语言要地道。 （摘自从学生答题情况看语法和词汇教学中小学外语教学2008年第2期）,1. Dont _ too much TV. Its bad for your eyes. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. to watch 2. -Whose notebook is it? -It belongs to Lily. Didnt you see _ name on it? A. she B. her C. hers 3. -Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they? -_. Such as Andy Lau, Jay zhou and Kristy Zhang. A. No, they didnt B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didnt 4. Do you hope to go _? A. warm somewhere B. anywhere warm C. warm anywhere D. somewhere warm 5. - _ terrible weather it is! - The radio says that itll get _ later in the day. A. What a; bad B. What; worse C. How; bad D. How a; worse,例1 - What a hot day! Have you had a drink? - Yes. But Id like to have _ after work. A. it B. one C. other D. another 例2 - Nancy, how long does it take to fly to Canada? - Sorry, I dont know. But I can telephone my father to _ it for you. A. do B. check C. catch D. find 例3 - I hit a tree on the way to meet my friend at the railway station. - I suppose you _ too fast. A. drive B. are driving B. drove D. were driving 例4 -My God! Im nearly lost in this city. -Yeah. The city _ a lot. A. changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change,单项选择题的应对策略： 做在语境中考查学生运用语言知识的能力的题目，否则不要做选择题。 在阅读中、在语篇中培养学生运用语言知识的能力。多阅读，多背诵。,2.完形填空 (1)“完形填空”试题的命制，基本上遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，即要求考生通读短文，掌握文章大意，综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识，从试题所提供的词汇、短语中判断出使短文意思通顺、结构完整的词汇或短语。,（2）完形填空试题设空与选项的特点 选材时代感强、思想健康，首句不设空，在布空方面以实词为主，动词、名词为核心，形容词副词铺垫，充分体现了语言知识运用的特征。,选择考点应侧重从语言的意义考虑，而不能一味地考查语法形式或句子结构。例如： Dear Dad, Im writing to you because its too difficult to talk about it. I cant stop thinking about my uncle and how he _31_. In fact, I seriously want to ask you 32 smoking. Ive looked up a lot of information about smoking and I 33 out some disturbing things. You already know that 34 is bad for you breathing and can cause cancer. Ive learnt that it causes many other illness 35 . Did you know that over 100,000 people die from smoking every year in Britain? Its 36 cause of death in the world. I dont want you to be one of those people. 31. A. dies B. death C. died D. dying 32. A. to stop B. stop C. stopped D. stopping 33. A. find B. founded C. found D. have found 34. A. smoke B. smoking C. smoked D. smokes 35. A. too B. also C. either D. as well 36. A. the two big B. second biggest C. the second biggest D. the second big,（三）阅读理解 语言是交流思想的工具，而阅读是获得较综合、复杂、深刻信息的重要途径。阅读理解更体现了中考着重考查学生实际运用语言