怀特海《教育的目的》.ppt

The Aims of Education,The Aims of Education The rhythm of Education The rhythmic Claim of Freedom and Discipline,Nowadays, numerous parents let their children study English at quite an early age. They send children to various kinds of training schools such as the New Oriental, or they let them prepare for exams such as Trinity Examination, do you think it is necessary and conforms to the rhythm of education?,Question,The Aims of Education,What we should aim at producing is men who process both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start from, and their culture will lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as art .(P1.L4),Education is the acquisition of the art of the utilization of knowledge.(P4,Paragraph3),Education is the guidance of the individual towards a comprehension of the art of life.(P39,L7),The central problem of all education: To keep knowledge alive, and prevent it from becoming inert.(P5,L14),The aims of education is not to pass on inert knowledge but to enlighten wisdom.,The purpose of education is to stimulate and guide students self-development, and the teacher should be alive with living thoughts.,The Rhythm of Education,The principle is merely this-that different subjects and modes of study should be undertaken by pupils at fitting times when they have reached the proper stage of mental development. (P15,L13),1 The task of infancy-I merely restate it in the form, that the postponement of difficulty is no safe clue for the maze of education practice.(P16,Paragraph3),2 Stages of mental growth-the stage of romance the stage of precision the stage of generalization,3 The cyclic processes-Education should consist in a continual repetition of such cycles.(P19,Paragraph3),4 The romance of adolescence 1.after the first cycle of infancy 2.opens with the greatest stage of romance 3.character is graven,5 University education-generalization,1. the function of university is to enable people to shed details in favor of principles 2.the business of university is to convert the knowledge into power,Cultivation of mental power theoretical interest & mental power,The mastery of language & concentration on science,014years old,15 years old,After15,precision in language Romance in science,romance in language,generalization in language precision in science,The rhythmic claims of freedom and discipline,Though knowledge is one chief aim of intellectual educationYou cannot be wise without some basic of knowledge, but you may easily acquire knowledge and remain bare of wisdom(P30,L6) Wisdom is the way in which knowledge is held. To achieve wisdom freedom of knowledge by discipline,The relationship between freedom and discipline: Discipline the issue of free choice Freedom gain an enrichment by discipline,A natural sway between freedom and discipline the rhythm of education,The rhythmic claims of freedom and discipline,Rhythm of mental growth: Romance-precision-generalization,Interest-no interest no progress,Barren knowledge-unimportant,Over discipline +freedom =active thought,Importance of knowledge is wisdom,The rhythmic claims of freedom and discipline,Rhythm of cravings of human intelligence freedom to explore and satisfy curiosity discipline (help) environment-suitable for childrens development =eat food much stomachache little hungry,Precision14-18,Generalization 18-22,+guidance,Romance is background +Proper guidance +Discipline,Learning in the traditional scheme of education a good teacher should balance between freedom and discipline E.g. to cultivate children as a well not a tub,+active use wisdom,From being trained active freedom of application,conclusion,Romance 0-14,Without romance inert knowledge without knowledge,The stage of romance-satisfying curiosity and cultivating interest,The stage of precision-the stage of growing into the apprehension of principles by acquisition of a precise know