高考时态语态的重要考点.ppt

,高考时态语态重要考点,考生必看,及物动词 不及物动词 连系动词 情态动词 助动词,动词可分为:,行为动词,动词的分类,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态呼应问题。 3、几种时态的替代问题.,1 一般现在时的用法 1. 经常性或习惯性的动作 2. 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实或表示格言或警句。 3. 表将来:按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事. 此时句中有时有将来的时间状语, 但不用将来时. The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.,C,2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： I wrote a letter this morning. I was writing a letter this morning.,一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。,（信已写完）,(正在写，不一定写完),3. 一般将来时 表示将来时的四种形式 will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do,、 、 不适合语法填空中填动词的适当形式,-The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did, be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。,A,C,be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示,Look at the clouds! Its going to rain., be to表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。,* I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. * Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon., be about to do 表示“正要干什么”，常与when 连用 when :就在这时 (突然发生意想不到的事),句型： be about to do when.,I was about to leave when it rained.,语法填空中多以when 来设空,特别注意 The plane _ (leave) tomorrow. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been,A,(1)一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。,(2)某些表位移的瞬间动词 “go, come, arrive, stay, leave, start, begin, fly, take ” 等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。,leaves,4. 现在进行时 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。(时间点，时间段） 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.,特殊用法： 1. 表示一般将来时 2. 现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never，again 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are always forgetting the important things.,3有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认识，感情”等状态 存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain 所有： have, belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound， look / seem / appear smell, taste, feel , see , hear , 认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think 情感：like, love, hate, prefer,5.过去进行时,1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 -Hey, look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing,D,2 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。 -Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been,B,3 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。 I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ (work) at a radio shop at the time.,was working,另： 与always连用，表示感情色彩,与现在进行时一样。 My brother was always losing his key.,6. 现在完成时,1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， They have cleaned the classroom. (They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.) 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。 He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.,用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second timethat从句用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.,注意比较 Its time that 结构： It is high time that we _ (go) to school.,2）This is the+最高级that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.,went,7.过去完成时,1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 常用时间状语： by/by the end of +过去时间 by the time +从句(一般过去时), + 主句(过去完成时) The film had already begun when I got there. They had left before I returned. We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.),2 . 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.,3. 用于hardly when ; no soonerthan ( 一.就 )等句子中。,Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.,hope ,think , expect, intend, mean, suppose, want, imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图, 译为“本来想/打算” I had hoped to buy him a small present, but forgot it because of my busy work.,5. It is the first time +从句（用现在完成时） It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时） 6. 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you .,8.现在完成进行时,构成：have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。,我在秀全中学已经读了两年书了。,I have been studying in Xiuquan Middle School for two years.,9.将来完成时： will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如： by the end of+将来时间的短语, by the time +从句(用一般现在时) + 主句(用将来完成时) We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.,10.一般将来进行时: will be doing / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time to