人教课标版高中英语《如何做完形填空》ppt课件.ppt

如何做完型填空,一、通读全文，掌握大意 1、抓住文章首尾句 完形填空一般不给出标题，这就使得掌握文章中心思想的难度加大，但是按一般的规律，开篇首句有的甚至是头两句、三句、往往是完整句，不设计空格。因此，首句或前几句就成了了解全文中心的窗口，它们可帮助我们判断文章的题材和体裁，为推测文章的大意提供重要信息,He has been called the “missing link”. Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world-Mount Everest. （NMET2001） 全文讲述的可能是一种生活在大山里的一种特殊的动物（half-man, half-best），它可能是失踪了的（原始人与现代人）的一种联系 . 联想到：这一失踪了的“联系物”可能又被发现。同样，有些文章的尾句，往往也是对全文的小结和概括，即使留有空格，也可为我们把握大意提供帮助,阅读时可以根据首句提供的信息，充分运用逻辑思维，捕捉文中的关键词语，在阅读过程中，应跳过所有空格，快速将全文读完，有时甚至可以通读两遍或三遍，以了解语境，把握大意。 注意力放在：时间、地点、人物、起因、结果和贯串全文的重要事件上，并注意它们之间的联系。,特别要注意的是：通读的目的是粗略理解大意，因此通读时，要采取快、粗、跳的方法。快，指的是用较短的时间读一遍，使思路连贯，一泻而下，切不可在个别的词、句子上停留较长的时间，使思路中断。粗，指的是，了解大概意思，切不可一开始就将宝贵的时间消磨在个别字句意思的推敲上。跳，指的是，跨过一个个空格，一看到底，而不是把四个选项中的任何一个或分别纳入短文空白中一起读，这样，只能是事倍功半,二、紧扣主题，认真答题 在全文的通读基础上，应紧扣主题，纵观上下文，从两个大的方面综合地全面地考虑。 一是语言知识方面，二是非语言知识方面。 语言知识主要指的是：语法、习惯用法、词的搭配、短语的意义、近义词的辨析等。 非语言知识指的是：文章的前后逻辑关系，人物的一般心理、生活常识以及事件发展的一般规律等。,We feel 43 (tired) and fall asleep at night and become 44 (lively) and energetic during the day. If the 24-hour cycle is 45 (disturbed) most people experience unpleasant 46 (feelings) （NMET2000） 一般的生活常识和事物的一般规律 答题过程中，除了注意以上两个大方面以外，对于一些难以确定的空格，切不可花太多的时间，完全可以先将它们放下，大胆地跳过去，继续往下读，随着情节的展开和前后文的照应、对比，你会豁然开朗，一下子找出上文空格的正确答案。,三、复核全文，验证答案 短文完形之后，应再次对全文进行复读，认真检查一遍，看所选答案是否能使全文贯通，情节、推理等是否符合情理。若遇到不通之处，应该从句子结构和意义两个角度来仔细权衡，加以纠正。对于个别仍然拿不准的答案，应当相信自己的语感，坚持第一次的选择。 总之，做完形填空要冷静、谨慎，切忌草率行事。要充分发挥所学知识，善于利用文中信息，瞻前顾后，放眼全篇，方可取得优异成绩。,二、完型填空具体操作中应注意的问题 1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 1)Travelling _, today becomes yesterday; travelling west it is tomorrow. A. south B. east C. north D. west 这是两个句式相同的并列句，可以根据第二句来确定第一句的内容。yesterday 与tomorrow 相对，所填的词应与west 相对，因此答案是B。,2) Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time 句中与cant watch TV 信息有关的词是eyesight, 因此答案是C。,3) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词 but 的提示，所填入的词应与shallow 相反，因此答案为A。,4) Someone had taken the _ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. A. real B. pure C. right D. exact 这里连词and 也表示一定意义的转折，所填的词应与faulty 相对，因此答案为A,5) Mrs ONeill asked _ questions, and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and 是一个并列连词；either 为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,6) the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket turned over to the policeman? Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned? A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need A. and B. or C. then D. but 这两个句子句式完全相同，很容易在第二句中找到第一句所缺的词，答案分别为Should 和or。,2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 1) The city (Washington) was named _ George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after be named after 意为“以命名”，答案为D。,2) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself _ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是 help oneself to , 故答案为 C。,3) They can build our bodies, prevent us _ getting too fat. A. off B. away C. from D. in 短语prevent sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故答案为C,4) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _ tea at the time. A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving 沏茶”的英语表达是make tea, 答案为B。,5) It wasnt long _ the police caught the thief. A. before B. since C. until D. when “不久”的英语表达是 It isnt long before, 答案为A。,6) Behind the dancer there was a woman _ a large diamond ring. A. carrying B. dressing C. wearing D. holding 表示“穿着，戴着”用动词wear, 答案为C,7) They are properly guided to use the knowledge _. A. seen B. noticed C. learned D. met knowledge 只能通过 learn 来获得，因此答案为C,3. 注意同义词的辨义 1) Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D 项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound 则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,2) The boy was the water and his canoe was away. A. on B. within C. in D. under A. running B. floating C. flowing D. pulling 这句话描写的是一个孩子落水的情景。考虑到当时的情景，第空应填in; 第空的选项中B和C容易混淆。float 意为漂浮，flow 意为“流动”，根据句意，答案应选B。,3) “Give me a hand,” he shouted _ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as 四个选项都可以表示时间。while 强调一段时间内进行的动作，常与进行时连用；till 表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for 表示的是动作持续了一段时间；as 连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D，表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。,4)It was a pleasant way of passing the time for an old woman who lived _. A. lonely B. alone C. away D. busily lonely 和alone 意义相近。Lonely是“孤独”的意思，alone 指的是“独自一人的”。这里应选B，意思是“一个人住的老太太”。,5)The back door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry. A. scene B. show C. sign D. sight 此句意为后门和窗户都锁着，而且也没有破门而入的迹象。scene 意思是“风景”，sign 意为 “痕迹”, sight 为“景色”，因此答案是C。,6) Jenkins was a jeweler, who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When I was ready, he made a copy of it which looked exactly like the first one but worth only 2,000. This he took to the shop, which _ it without a question. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. rejected 从句后的 without a question 可以知道，这家商店最终还是收下了，因此应在选项A和B之间进行选择。accept 表示主观上接受，receive 指客观上的收到。答案应选A。,7)There is nothing really new about _ in exams. A. lying B. cheating C. guessing D. discussing 指“考试中作弊”用cheat, lie 指“撒谎”，答案应选B。,8) “Get up earlier tomorrow! Anyway, go to your _ at the counter. Well be opening in a few minutes.” A. business B. job C. place D. spot 选项C和D都有地点的意思，但place 指 particular space occupied by someone or something; spot 的意思是 particular place. 因此答案选C,4. 根据动作的发出者确定所选的词 1) And video cameras can be used to _ peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 句中动作的发出者是video cameras, 因此答案是C， 意思是“记录”。,2) The watch, which Mrs Smith had _ on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared. A. seen B. dropped C. found D. laid 从句中可以看出，手表是 Mrs Smith 的，为讲课方便，她把表放在桌子上，所以不可能选A或C。因此答案是D,3) When the papers were _ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered 句中she 指老师，paper 指试卷。老师给试卷打分，因此答案为C,4) Japan is an island country and its go all over the Pacific looking for fish to . A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A. buy B. catch C. hold D. weigh 只有fishing boats 能够到太平洋捕鱼，因此空答案为A。捕鱼用动词catch，空答案为B,5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 1) and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 句中strange 和pleasant 两词的词意是矛盾的，所以答案应选转折连词but,2) A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry_, radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes 句子前一部分说的是transistor radio 的好处，后一部分还是说它的好处。因此答案为A，表示“除此之外，还”。,3) It has been many years since I was last in London, _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 根据句前的 many years 和句后的 still remember, 答案应选表示转折的连词 but,4) At first nothing happened, _ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the hold A then B. and C. or D. so 句子开头有At first, 后面就应该用then 表示时间顺序,5) _ solids expand much less than liquids or gases, the small increases can add up to a lot A. Although B. If C. Because D. After 这句话的意思是“虽然固体不如液体和气体膨涨得厉害，但把小的量加起来也不小了”，所以应用although 来引导这个让步状语从句,6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 1) (Immediately,) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D,2) , You the international dateline. By agreement, this is the point where a new day A. cross B. see C. are on D. are stopped by A. is coming B. begins C. is discovered D. is invented the international dateline 是“国际日期变更线”，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为A和B,3) “Dont be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank, _ the boy with him. A. pushing B. dragging C. holding D. catching