课件人教版高中语法形容词的用法.ppt

高考中的初中英语语法知识 第三讲： 形容词、副词,(一) 形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的， 常被放在名词前作定语 或放在系动词后面作表语。 而副词则用来修饰形容词 动词、其他副词或者句子， 一般位于形容词之前， 动词之后或句子之首。 以下属几种特殊情况， 须牢记：,形容词短语作定语，定语后置。 eg. a language difficult to master a leaning tower about 180 feet high 2. 表语形容词（afraid , alike , alone , asleep, awake , alive 等）作定语，定语后置 如 a man alive 有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well , faint ,ill 只作表语。 sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为 “bad” 。,3. 形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。 4. else 常用作疑问代词 和不定代词的后置定语。,5. enough ,nearly 等修饰名词前置或后置均可。 但enough 修饰形容词、副词时必须后置。 6. 几个副词并列作状语时， 其顺序较灵活， 一般是： 方式地点时间。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday . 7. 频度副词often , always , usually 等放在be 之后、 行为动词前。 8. 副词作定语，定语后置。 The people there are friendly,9. 多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序。 限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、 物主代词） 数（序数词、基数词） 形（大小、长短 、形状） 记住：限数描形新颜国材（名词）,Eg .The first beautiful large long new red Chinese concrete bridge .,请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。,a nice big new Chinese china vase .,10. 以ly 结尾的词性辨析 1） 下列单词以ly 结尾 （并非副词） lively , lonely , lovely deadly ,friendly ugly ,silly , likely brotherly timely. 空间与抽象 close-closely, high- highly , low lowly , deep-deeply,3）有无ly 意义大不相同的副词 dead 完全 绝对 - deadly late lately (最近）,（二）复合形容词的构成 形名ed kind - hearted white haired 形形 red hot dark blue 形 现分 good looking easy going 副词 现分 hard working fast moving 副词 过分 hard won newly made 名 形 life long world famous 名 现分 peace loving fun loving 8 . 名 过分 snow covered hand made 9. 数 名 ed four storeyed three legged 10. 数 名 ten-year two - man,（三） 形容词与副词的比较等级 原级的构成和用法 构成： 形容词、副词的原级即本身 用法： 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面 相等时用“ as + 原级 as ” 不等时用 “ not so /as + 原级as ” 倍数用 “ 倍数 as + 原级 as ”,Eg: Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu . This building looks not so /as high as that one . Miss Liu speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one .,2. 比较级和最高级的构成 1） 规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（4种） 2）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。 good / well - bad / ill - many / much - little - far - old -,3. 比较级的用法 1）双方比较， 表示一方超过另一方时， 用“比较级than “ 的结构 如This picture is more beautiful than that one . 2）表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less + 原级 than”结构 This room is less beautiful than that one. 3) 表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级 前加表示程度的状语， 如 even , a lot , a bit , a little, still, much , far , yet ,by far等修饰。,如 he works even harder than before 注意： by far 通常用于强调最高级。 用于比较级 一般放在比较级的后面，若放在前面，应在二者 中间加 the . 如 ：He is taller by far than his brother . He is by far the taller of the two brothers .,4) 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用 “ the + 比较级（主语谓语）the +比较级（主语谓语）” 结构 （越.越） The harder he works , the happier he feels . 5) 不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “比较级 and + 比较级”结构。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful . The weather is getting colder and colder .,6） 某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时， 用to 代替than . 这些词有inferior (劣等的 ，次的） ，superior , junior(资历较浅的）, senior 。 如： he is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.,7) 倍数表达法 A is + 倍数 the size ( height / length /width /depth ) of B A is + 倍数 as as B A is + 倍数 比较级 than B 注意： times 表三倍以上 ， 两倍用 twice / double 译： 我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）,4 最高级的用法 1）三者或三者以上相比， 表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级” 的结构表示。 这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 如 ：ZhangHua is the tallest of the three . He works (the ) hardest in his class .,2) 最高级可被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost , by no means , not quite , not really , nothing like (没有什么能比得上）等修饰。 如： This hat is by far the biggest . How much did the second most expensive hat cost ? 3) 表示“最高程度” 的形容词，如 excellent , extreme, perfect等 没有最高级， 也没有比较级 。,4）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时， 被修饰的的词往往省略。如： He is the tallest boy in his class . 5) 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。,5. 由 as / so 组成的形容词或副词短语。 1） as much as + 不可数名词数量。如： Each stone weighs as much as 15 tons . She could earn as much as ten dollars a week .,2) as many as + 可数名词数量 如： I have as many as sixteen reference books.,3) as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island .,4) as far as 远道， 就 而言 We might go as far as the church and back . As far as I know , he has been there before .,5) may / might as well 不妨，不如 Then you might as well stay with us here .,6) as as sb can be 到了最的程度 ， 极其 They are as unreliable as they can be . ( 他们极其不可信）,7) as as one can = as as possible ( 尽某人可能） He began to run as fast as he could,6. 几组重要词语辨析 1） very 和 much 的区别 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very 不用 much . 表示状态的过去分词前用very 。 如： a very frightened boy ; a very tired child a very complicated problem,以 -ing , -ed 结尾的分词 多用 much , very much , greatly 修饰。 如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. too 前用much 或 far , 不用very , You are much / far / a lot too nice.,注意： 修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very , 而用 quite, completely , well , entirely 等修饰。 如： quite wrong / mistaken / sure ; completely dead ; quite impossible , quite perfect 等 。,1. more than 不只是（= not only) Miss Li is more than a teacher. Shes our best friend. 2. more than + 数词，多于，超过，相当于over There are over/ more than 70 students in our class.,3. more than与其说 不如说 He is more diligent than clever,7.请区分下列词组,4.more than 极其地，非常地（=very) They are more than satisfied. 5. This is more than+ 从句 此事非某人所能,5. sth is more than + 从句 ( 此事非某人所能 ) Eg :This problem is more than I can solve. This is more than I can say.,6. more than one 不只一个（谓语动词用单数） more than once 不只这一次 More than one person _ this secret.,7. more than not more than 不超过，至多 at the most no more than 仅仅 ， 和 一样少,no more than 两者同样不 not more than 前者不如后者；不比 更,8 . less than (少于） not less than ( 不少于）= at least no less than （和一样多）= as much as,类似地： no fewer than = as many as 和一样多 no worse than = as good as 和一样好 no better than = as bad as 和一样坏 no richer than = as poor as 和一样穷 no later than = as early as 和一样早,高考再现,（2005 北京）This _ girl is Lindas cousin . pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2. (2005 天津） Mr Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met . A. large B a larger C. the larger D. a large 3.Mary cant speak English _ her friends , but her written work is perfect . A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as,ADA,4. How _ can you finish your composition ? often B. soon C. long D. rapid 5.( 2005 汕头） it was _ late to catch a bus after the party ; therefore we called a taxi . A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far 6.(2005 西城区） It takes us quite long to go there by ship, its _ by road . quick B. the quickest C. must quick D. quicker 7.- How was your last visit to Shanghai ? - It was great ,I visited some friends , and spent the_ days at the seashore. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last,BBDB,8._ terrible weather weve been having these days ? A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 9.( 2005 南京市 ）If there were not much pressure, we should have _ at school . the happiest time B . a more happier time C. much happier time D. a much happier time 10.(2005 广西） Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many jobless people ? A . such such B. such so C. so so D. so such 11.(2005 广州） If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice . A. good B. the best C. better D the better,DDBD,12.(2005 河南）If you are_ about Australian cities , just read the book written by Dr . Johnson. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious 13. (2005 南京） The teachers in our school are_ young people between the age of twenty-five and forty . A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 14. (2005 海淀区） She told us _ story that we were moved to tears. such a moving B. such moving a C. so a moving D. a so moving,DCA,15.(2005 盐城） After the new technology was introduced , the company produced _ cars in 2005 as the year before . A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 16.(2005 江西） Excuse me , is this Mr Hills office ? Im sorry , but Mr Hill _ works here . He left about a month ago . A. not