高三英语复习课件“特殊句型”.ppt

,Class 21 Grade 3 Revision 2013.4.29 x,1.倒装句型、强调句型中的主谓一致。,2.强调句型中被强调的代词的格应与原句一致。,3.否定副词、由only修饰的状语、so / such置于句首时的倒装。,4.陈述部分带有must / may时的反意疑问句。,5.省略和替代主要考查:,(1)并列句和状语从句中的省略; (2)动词不定式的省略;,(3)so, not的替代作用;,(4)do, do it / do that / do so的替代作用。,一、强调句,强调句型可强调句子中的主语、宾语和状语等成分,但不能强调定语和谓语。被强调部分可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句。被强调的代词格应与原句一致;被强调的部分如果是原句的主语,who / that后的谓语在人称和数上应与原句的主语保持一致。,考点1 强调句型用于强调陈述句 形式:it is / was+被强调部分+that / who.,It is English that is the most widely used in the world nowadays. 在当今世界使用最广泛的是英语。,It is what you usually do that really matters. 真正重要的是你平常的所作所为。,It was the man that was dressed in black that helped to catch the thief. 正是穿黑衣服的那个人帮助逮住了小偷。,It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work. 是因为母亲生了病她才没来上班。,考点2 强调句型用于强调一般疑问句,形式:Is / Was it+被强调部分+that / who.? (that / who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序),Is it Professor Wang that / who teaches you English? 是王教授教你们英语的吗?,Was it in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started? 现代奥运会始于1896年吗?,注:还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。,I wonder if it was in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started.,考点3 强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句,形式:疑问词+is / was it that / who.? (that / who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序),Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是谁?,When was it that he called me yesterday? 他昨天给我打电话是在什么时候?,注:还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。,I dont know when it was that he called me yesterday.,考点4 强调句型用于强调“not.until.”句型和“only+状语.”句型。,形式:It is / was not until.that.(that从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序),It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到十点钟他才去睡觉。,普通句型:He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.,倒装句型:Not until ten oclock did he go to bed.,考点5 变式强调句型,变式1:It must / may / might be.that.一定是（可能是）,变式2:It must / may / might have been.that.,变式3:It cant / couldnt be.that不可能是，.,变式4:Can / Could it be.that.可能会是,It must be my book that he is reading. 他在看的一定是我的书。,Could it be Tom that is making the noise? 会是汤姆弄出这种噪音的吗?,考点6 强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别,判断是否是强调句型,可先把it is / was.that.去掉,如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,那么就是强调句型,否则就不是。,It was at eight oclock that he arrived home.( ),It was eight oclock when he arrived home.( ),It was at eight oclock when he was walking along the street.( ),It was two years ago that I began to learn English.( ),强调句型,时间状语从句,定语从句,强调句型,It is two years since I began to learn English.(时间状语从句),It was two years before I began to learn English.(时间状语从句),考点7 谓语动词的强调,强调句型It is / was.that.不能强调谓语动词,如果强调谓语动词,要用组动词do, does或did。但谓语动词必须是实意动词,且只能是一般现在时和一般过去时。,I do think you are a good cook,He did write to you last week.,另外,do还可用于对祈使句的强调。,Do come this evening!,Do be careful!,二、倒装句,英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫部分倒装。,(一)完全倒装,考点1 “There be +主语+.”结构,在“There be +主语+.”结构中,be有时用stand / exist / lie / live,/ flow等不及物动词代替。,There stood an old man under the tree. 树下站着一位老人。,考点2 Here / There / Now / Then / Thus +不及物动词+主语,There goes the bell. Lets go into the lecture hall. 铃响了,咱们进入演讲大厅吧。,考点3 Out / In / Up / Down / Away / Off / Back / Over +不及物动词+主语,Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。,考点4 介词短语(表地点)+不及物动词+主语 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两张巨幅画像。,考点5 表语部分+联系动词+主语(表语可以是形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词),Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有其他许多客人。,考点6 Such + be +主语,Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事实就是这样,没有人可以否认。,(二)部分倒装,考点1 So / Neither / Nor +助动词/情态动词+主语(表示前一句的内容也适合另一人或另一物),Lily cant play table-tennis. Neither can I. 莉莉不会打乒乓球,我也不会。,比较:So +主语+助动词/情态动词。(后面一个句子只是肯定或重复前句的内容),It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。,So it was. 的确如此。,考点2 表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时引起的倒装,放在句首引起倒装的副词或短语有:not, no, nowhere, little, nev-er, hardly, scarcely, barely, seldom, in no time, at on time, by no means, in no way, not until, not only, no sooner.than., hardly.when.等。,By no means shall we give up. 我们绝不会放弃。,Never have I read the book. 我从来没看过这本书。,她地震之后非常紧张,很快就回到中国.,考点3 在so / such.that.句型中,so / such放在句首时引起的倒装,So nervous was she that she returned to China shortly after the earth-quake.,考点4 “only +状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时引起的倒装,Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在朋友来了之后,电脑才修好。,考点5 省略了if的虚拟条件句中的倒装(当条件状语从句中有were,had, should时),Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课,你可能就通过考试了。,Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨,我们就去野餐。,考点6 as引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构,as引导让步状语从句时,表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前,构成“表语/状语/谓语动词+as +主语”结构。,Hard as he studied, he failed the examination. 尽管他学习很用功,但是还是没及格。,考点7 however / whatever或no matter how / what引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构,however / whatever或no matter how / what引导让步状语从句时,连同它们所修饰的部分放在句首,后边用陈述语序。,However difficult it is, Ill work it out on time. 不管它有多困难,我都会按时解决。,考点8 the more.the more.句式,在“the more.the more.句式”中,常把the more连同它修饰的部分放在句首。,The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你学习越努力,进步就会越大。,考点9 how / what引导的感叹句,how / what引导感叹句时,连同它们所修饰的部分放在句首,后边用陈述语序。,(1)What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!,(2)What +形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!,(3)How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!,(4)How +形容词+ a / an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语!,(5)How +主语+谓语!,What a nice girl she is! How nice a girl she is ! What nice girls they are! How nice these girls are! What dirty water you are drinking!,考点三、特殊的反疑问句,当must / may等情态动词用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据去掉must之后的谓语动词情况采用相应的形式。,You must be tired, arent you? 你一定累了,是吗?,3.must可表示对过去的或完成的情况进行推测(must + have +过去分词),如强调对过去情况的推测(一般有表示过去的时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有表示过去的时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“havent / hasnt +主语”。,He must have met her yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定见过她,是吗?,You must have seen the film, havent you? 你肯定看过这部电影,是吗?,考点3 当陈述部分有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, no, nothing, nobody / no one, nowhere等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。,She hardly knows French, does she? 她几乎不懂法语,是吗?,四、省略与替代,考点1 在when, unless, while, if, though, as, as long as, whenever,wherever, as soon as等词引导的状语从句中,若从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句中包含be动词时,用连词直接跟分词或形容词/介词短语等结构。,Though poor, his parents managed to send him to college. 他的父母尽管很穷,还是设法把他送进了大学。,考点2 在when, where, if等从属连词引导的状语从句中,如果连词后是“it is + adj.”时,可以省略it is,用连词直接跟adj.,I will go with you if necessary. 如果需要的话,我可以和你一起去。,考点3 动词性替代,1.用do的各种形式来替代实意动词,若是及物动词,须带宾语。,She plays the piano better than Mary does (plays) the guitar. 她钢琴弹得比玛丽的吉他弹得好。,2.用do so的各种形式来替代动宾结构或动状结构。,He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? (do so = smoke a lot) 他抽烟很凶。他兄弟也这样吗?,考点4 分句性替代,1.so和not与believe, think, expect, imagine, suppose, hope, afraid等词连用,代替句子。,Will it rain today? 今天会下雨吗?,I think so. ( I think it will rain.) 我认为会下雨。,考点5 动词不定式to的替代,动词不定式to替代承前的内容,可用于下列词语的相关结构中。,1.形容词:afraid, glad, happy, be willing to, be able to, etc.,2.动词:like, love, expect, manage, try, hope, wish, pretend, refuse, agree, want, afford, fail, forget, remember, used to, have to, ought to, etc.,He doesnt visit me as much as he used to. 他不像以前那样经常来看我了。,注意:若承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词用的have时,to后要保留be或have。,Are you a member of the club? 你是这个俱乐部的成员吗?,No, but Id like to be. 不是,不过我想加入这个俱乐部。,Did you attend Toms birthday party yesterday? 你昨天参加了汤姆的生日聚会吗? Id like to have, but I was too busy. 我本想去,但是我太忙了。,1.(2011) Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place hed been in last year.,A.he realized B.he did realize,C.realized he D.did he realize,【答案与解析】D 本题考查倒装句结构。Only修饰状语(从句)置于句首时,主句需要部分倒装,故选D项。,2.(2011重庆)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?,Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.,A.tha