高三英语《构词法》PPT课件.ppt

词类,英语中的单词可以分为十大词类： 1 名词 n. teacher, book等。 2 代词 pron. we ,me, he 等。 3 数词 num. two,fifth 等。 4 动词 v. work, study, live 等。 5 形容词 adj. good, big, beautiful 等。 6 副词 adv . fast, quickly等。 7 冠词 art. a, an, the等。 8 介词 prep. in, on,by,with等。 9 连词 conj. and, but等。 10 感叹词 interj. Oh,ah等。,英语词汇记忆 （构词法）,历届高考，从单项选择、完形填空、书面表达乃至阅读理解的考查无不转化为词汇的考查，为帮助学生有目的地、有计划地复习单词，争取用较短时间取得较大的学习效益，本节从词汇的记忆方法入手，复习已学词汇。希望同学们能够灵活地按照此法对其他词汇进行分类总结。,英语主要有三种构词法: 1.派生(Derivation): 2.合成(Compounding): 3.转化(Conversion),通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy- unhappy ( 加前缀) happy- happiness ( 加后缀),由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. black( 黑)+ board( 木板)-blackboard( 黑板),由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水 - water ( v.)浇水,三个词语的含义： 词根： 词缀： 词类：,构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。,前缀；后缀,十大词类,1.派生词 注意: 前缀:一般只改变词义,不改变词类; 后缀:一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化,(否定),(不),(相互,之间),（误）,(重复,再),(远程),(不,非),形容词:,- al ; an ; ern; -ful ; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; - less 表示具有的性质, 或与有关 e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless,动词: -fy (使化) ; -ize (使成为) e.g. satisfy , realize,副词: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards,数词: - teen 十 fourteen -ty整十位数 forty -th序数词 fifth,名词+ 动名词 machine-building (机械制造),2.合成词 1）合成名词,名词+名词 seashell,名词+及物动词+er trouble-maker,形容词+名词 highway,及物动词+名词 breakfast, 动词+副词 make-up,合成形容词,形容词+名词 ed good-hearted,名词+名词 ed potato-shaped,名词 + 分词eding hand-made, peace-keeping,名词+ 形容词 color-blind,形容词+ 名词 left-hand,副词+ 分词ing hard-working,副词+ 形容词 ever-green tree, 介词+名词 downtown,形容词+ 分词ing good-looking,(3) 合成动词,副词+ 动词 ill-treat 虐待 名词+ 动词 mass-produce 大规模生产 形容词+ 动词 safe-guard 保卫,.合成副词,副词+副词 however,代词+副词 anywhere, 副词+名词 downstairs,形容词+名词 anyway (无论如何),.合成代词,some- ,any-, no-, every- + -thing, -one, -body 如: anyone , something , everything, nobody,3.转化: 是由一词类转化为另一词类,动词转化为名词 : We paid a visit to the park yesterday. 名词转化为动词 : The hall can seat two thousand people 形容词转化为动词:The car slowed down to half its speed. 形容词转化为副词: How long is the line? (adj) How long have you lived in China? (adv) 形容词转化为名词: He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.,单词记忆五决： 一 同义（近义）法 二 反义法 三 改头法 四 换尾法 五 形近法,一： 同义法 词-词 search = 词-短语 = pay no attention to 短语-短语 remind sb of sth =,seek,ignore,call up,二 ： 反义法 accept - tell lies - look down upon -,refuse,honest,look up to,三：改头法： pay- v. bay- n. day- n. hay - n.（干草） lay - v. may - v. ray - n. say - v. way - n. gay -adj.,四： 换尾法： deaf - adj. dead - adj. deal - v. dean - n. dear - adj.,五： 形近法： floor - flour abroad - aboard soap- soup wonder - wander attract - attack vacation - vocation,Use your imagination, youll get a different world.,想象给生活插上翅膀， 让我们在学习的天空中 越飞越高！,1.I wrote him a letter to show my _( appreciate )of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the _(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a _(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a _( describe) of the street where we live. 5.The _ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 7.My grandfather is as _(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very _(enjoy)-I liked it a lot!,9.These discoveries proved the _(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. 10. A smile is the universal _(face) expression-it is intended to put people at ease. 11. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being _(fashion). .13. The accused man proved his _(innocent)of the crime. 14. The governments new scheme is designed to help the _(job). 15. The days start to _(long) in March. 16. _(Luck), Peter didnt get the job. 17. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _(lonely),单项填空 1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked_at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership,7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.What are you doing here? Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English. You can write_passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the_of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _. A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced,14.The_ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War? A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my _，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an_country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How_ he is! He is always acting_.He is really a _. A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable 21.There were_fish in the river in South America. A.in danger B.danger C.dangerous D.dangerless 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_. A.sound B.silent C.silence D.sounded,23.The child looked at me_. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_bravely. A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees 25.What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue. A.reasonable B.reasonful C.reasonless D.unreason 26.We have to learn_technology from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced 27.The children live in a village _.They come here almost every day. A.nearby B.near C.nearly D.near by 28.Mr Black is an _in the army，not an_in the government.You can not easily find him in his_. A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _. A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier 30._ speaking，I didnt do it on purpose. A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest,31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some_difficulties in carrying it out. A.practiced B.practical C.practice D.practicing 32.His father possesses a_factory，which does most of the pollution to this river. A.paper-make B.paper-making C.papers-made D.paper-made 33.Marx left his homeland for some_reasons. A.politically B.politics C.political D.politician 34.Its_t