高中名词性从句讲解及练习.doc

名词性从句 主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。这四种从句与主句间不用逗号。一 名词性从句连接词的选用可分为三类：1. that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当成分，也没有实际意义。That he will come is certain.I think that hell be all right in a few days.The fact is that I have never been there.The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.2. whether/if 在名词性从句中有“是否”之意，但不充当成分。附Whether/if区分：在宾语从句中可互换，但介词和discuss后的宾语从句用whether; 其它名词性从句用whether；可以说whether to do 但不能说if to do ;可说whether / ifor not, whether or not ，不能说if or not.Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.I wonder whether/ if it is true.The question is whether it is worth doing.They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.I dont know whether or not they will come.(不能用if or not)I dont know if / whether they will come or not.另外别忘了if可引导条件状语从句。试比较：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.3. 其它连接词的选用遵循：“缺什么，补什么”的原则。缺状语，补连接副词where, when, why, how; 缺主语，宾语，表语，定语，补连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose.Where she has gone is not known yet.Why he did it wasnt quite clear.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.This is why he is late.I have no idea when he will come back.I really dont know what he is doing.Which side will win is not clear.That is what he is worried about.Do you know who/whom they are waiting for.He asked whose dictionary it was.二 名词性从句应该注意的。1. 名词性从句用陈述语序。注意what is the matter with.被看作陈述语序。如：Do you know what is the matter with him? 不能用Do you know what the matter is with him?2. 同位语从句和定语从句的区分：同位语从句对其前边的名词起解释补充说明,可译为 “既;那就是”;定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,译为 “的”;that 引导的定语从句在从句中要充当成分,作宾语,表语可省略;而that引导的同位语从句只起引导作用,不充当成分,不能省略.The suggestion (that )our teacher gave us sounds OK.The suggestion that we should arrange our time scientifically sounds OK.The news (that) you heard is not true.The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theatre is true.The fact that you pointed out made me interested .The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. 3. 名词性从句中的what 可改为定语从句the thing(s)/ person(s) that; whatever可改为anything that, whoever 可改为 anyone who They are careful about what they eat.=They are careful about the things that they eat. He is not what he used to be .=He is not the one that he used to be. He would believe whatever I said.= He would believe anything that I said. Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the light.= Anyone who leaves the room last should turn off the light.4. wh-ever 和no matter wh- 区分：引导让步状语从句，wh-ever可换为no matter wh-, 引导名词性从句则不能。如：Whatever I said , he wouldnt listen to me.= No matter what I said , he wouldnt listen to me.5. 名词性从句中that 的省略：宾语从句中的that 可以省略，但并列的宾语从句只有第一个从句的that可以省略，第二个从句和第二个以后的that不能省；it作形式宾语的宾语从句that不能省;介词后的宾语从句的that不能省；表语从句中的that和it作形式主语的主语从句的that在口语中偶有省略。同位语从句中的that不能省略。6. reason或cause作主语以及why引导的主语从句作主语，其后的表语从句连接词不用because，常用that，而且since和as不能引导表语从句。Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.The reason for his being absence from the conference was that he was delayed by the accident.7. 宾语从句：be+ sure / certain /glad / pleased / satisfied / surprised等也可接宾语从句。Im not sure what I should do.Im afraid you dont understand what I said.宾语从句否定的转移：主句的主语是一人称，谓语是think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine等，对从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句上，并且其反义疑问句要和从句保持一致。I dont think you are right, are you?I dont believe they have finished their work yet, have they?宾语从句后有宾语补足语要用it作形式宾语。He has made it clear that he will not give in. 8. 注意it作形式主语的主语从句和强调句的区分。练习1. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. that2. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come3. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires4. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. which5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize_ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which6. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one7. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how8. A modern city has been set up in _ was a waste land ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where9. A story goes _ Elizabethof England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that10. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that11. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether12. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what .D how13. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited14. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90 percent of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because15. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that16. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is . A. that B. which C. of which D. when17. Ill tell them _ came to see them last Monday. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who D. who18. They are just college graduates and dont realize _ to start and run a company. A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it takes19. His income today is double _it was five years ago. A. that B. which C. what D. as20. When it was clear _ she did not speak a word of English, I tried to talk to her using the Spanish I learned while living in Europe. A. what B. that C. why D. how21. After _ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to have the interview. A. that B. it C. what .D all 22. All the people around the world have the same simple dream _ they will always live in peace and comfort. A. that B. which C. where D. when23. _ words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help. A. Whatever B. How many C. No matter what D. Whichever24. Does it matter much _ the sales manager wont attend the meeting tomorrow? -Ive no idea. A. if B. what C. when D. that25. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that26. The manager came over and asked the customer how _. A. did the quarrel came out B. the quarrel had come about C. the quarrel has come about D. had the quarrel come about27. Dave lost his job and was short of money, so _ his flat and move in with his brother. A. that he did was to sell B. what he did was sell C. what he did sold D. what he did was sell28.Word came _ a group of New Zealand guests will come to visit our school next Tuesday. A. that B. which C. / D. about which29. They have no idea at all _ . A. what he is working on B. what is he working on C. what did he work on D. what he is working 30. I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply. -Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor. A. why B. when .C what D. that31. _David says sounds right to Helen. Thats why she has made up her mind not to leave him_ happens. A. Whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; no matter what D. Whatever; however32. _ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one. A. It B. What C. Where D. As33. There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that34. Would you tell me _ you want your tea, with sugar or milk? -Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. how35. What about your history test? -Ive answered all the questions, but Im not sure _ Ive got them all right. A. what B. how C. whether D. why36. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy could play football so well. A. What; that B. That; what C. What; whether D. That; why37. He is _ known as a hacker-he likes showing off on the Internet and attack websites A. who B. what C. that D. the man38. That was _ was known _ “the theory of relativity”. A. what; like B. what; as C. which; like D. which; as39. _ the workers insisted on was that they _ more time to do it. A. That; must be given B. What; should be given C. Whether; would be given D. Which; were given40. The reason _ she gave for not being present was _ the heavy snow prevented her coming. A. / ; because B. why; because C. /; that D. why; whether41. Im satisfied _should be done has already been done. A. with what B. that what C. by what D. that42. My hometown is not _ it used to _ ten years ago. A. when; do B. what; do C. when; be D. what; be43. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because44. His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition _ every one of us. A. that we go ; interested B. which we should go ; interested C. that we would go ; interest D. we would go ; be interested in45. He often thinks of _ he can do more for his country. A. what B. how C. that D. which46. He got angry with _ was against his opinion. A. whom B. who C. whoever D. anyone47. I dont know _. A. what was the matter outside B. what the matter outside was C. what was happened outside D. what had happened outside48. He has come, but I didnt know that he _ until yesterday. A. is coming B. will come C. was coming D. wasnt coming49. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid50. You have no idea _ those days. A. that we were how busy B how busy were we C. that how we were busy D. how busy we were51. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary. A. why B. that C. how D. why what52. Its well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body. A. that B what C. how D. that what , when and how53. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_ _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is54. _she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 55. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster_ he had done the day before.A. that B. how C. where D. what56. _ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 57. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why 58. _ is no possibility_ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 59. These wild flowers are so special that I would do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 60. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 61. I remember_ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what 62. Go and get your coat. Its _you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 63. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where 64. They have no idea at all_.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone65. No one can be sure_ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 66. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It 67. -I think its going to be a big problem.-Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that 68. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A. what B. that C. which D. why 69. _ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 70. Eat_ cake you like and leave the others for_ comes in late.A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 71. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_ road condition need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving 72. Some of the scientists held the point _ _ the book said was right. A. what what B. what that C. that that D. that what73. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public. A. why B. which C. that D. what74. There is little doubt _ her advice is of greater value to us. A. that B. whether C. why D. of 75. We cant believe that he drew such a big conclusion according to _ he took for granted. A. as B. that C. what D. it 76. _ we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether 77. The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. A. what B. that C. it D. which 78. The thought_ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife. A. that B. what C. whether D. if 79. Please tell me _ you want your coffee, black or white? A. what B. when C. whether D. how80. _ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _ we learn and _ we learn it. A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how81. _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot. A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised82. We believe _ you have been devoted to _ naturally of great necessity. A. That; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is83. Although most of them have no doubt _ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _ he has really got everything ready.A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether84. I s this book _ you bought yesterday?A. that B. when C. the one what D. the one 85. Is this the book _ you bought yesterday?A. what B. the one C. one D. that 86. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter _ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which87. _we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what88. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who89. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter90. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. for91. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. That C. Where D. Whether92. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever93. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether94. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A. which B. when C. / D. that95. Rose looks pale. What do you think _ to her?A. that has happened B. to have happened C. that has been happened D. has happe