仁爱英语八年级下册语法.doc

_仁爱英语八年级下册语法复习及配套练习一，系动词及用法。大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem后还可接不定式,be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有be,look(看起来)，seem（似乎，好像），feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），get(变)，become(变得，成为)，turn(变)，go（变），grow(变)，等。表示变化的系动词的区别：天气变化用get;颜色的变化用turn;由好变坏用go;逐渐变化用grow;好变坏、坏变好用become或get;成为用become.翻译下列句型：面包变酸了（sour）._这朵花闻起来很香sweet_这种食物尝起来是咸的（salty）_ 那个妇女疯了。_她似乎很担心。_她感到烦恼。_这首歌听起来很动听。_树木变得越来越绿。_他变得越来越老。_天气变得越来越暖和。_似乎要下雨。_保持健康。_最后，她成为了一名女警察。_我感到失望。_二，状语从句种类连接词注意点时间状语when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时(主将从现)；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语where,原因状语because,as,since,because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。条件状语if,unless,aslongas,从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替目的状语sothat,inorderthat,sothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语sothat,suchthat时间状语从句，其连接词有：after，before，when，as，assoonas，until(till)，while，since，by1until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedhard_12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He_gotobed_untilhismothercameback.2在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：Ifitrains,theywontgototheparkonSunday.as强调随着时间推移，当时。考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.ifitrains,hewillnotcome.原因状语从句中主要是because，因为.表达的因果关系最强，如：Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhardsince应译为既然，如：Sinceyouwereillyesterday,Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk.as应译为由于，如：Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming.since与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如：Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege.比较状语从句中有同级比较asas，要注意的有两点： asas中间要用原级而不是比较级。 用形容词还是副词，如：MarywritesascarefullyasTom.MaryisascarefulasTom.状语从句练习1._hesold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2. Doyouknowifhe_toplaybasketballwithus? Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_intothewaterandcantswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup_him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idontremember_heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt_tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_crossthestreet_thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.dont;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.IllgoswimmingwithyouifI_freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the_youare,_the_mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_yougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.Ihurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoat_hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since15.Itis_thatwedliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday16.Maryhad_muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17._Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif18._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19._wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.Writetomeassoonasyou_toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。MrsBrucewas_kindtoherstudents_theyall_herverymuch.2.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance_ _wetryourbest.3.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Willyoupleasecallme_yougettoShanghai.4.虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。_,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.5.他长大后想当一名老师。Hewantstobeateacher_.6如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.7.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidntcometoschool_.三，宾语从句1.宾语从句的连接词宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先（做宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。1）.宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由that连接。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid.Hewantedtostayathome.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow.Sheisseriouslyill.Shedoesntknow_Iamsure.Hewillsucceed.Iamsure_.2）.宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknow？Who(whom)aretheywaitingfor?Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Canyoutellme?WhereistheNo.3busstop?_Idontknow.Whyisthetrainlate?_3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的，由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknow.Doeshelivethere?Iwanttoknowifhelivesthere?Heaskedme.WasthereabookstoreonCenterStreet?_2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.3.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Idontthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.1Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whattheycanB.howtheycanC.howcantheyD.whatcanthey2Histeacher_he_brightand_hewasworthteaching.A.didntthink;was;thatB.thoughtwas;whetherC.didntthink;was;D.thought;wasnt;3_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在whetherornot结构中不能用if替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun_round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are2Ibelievethatourteam_thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins3Idontknow_tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who3.宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略(2)and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。IhearditsaidthathehadgoneabroadWefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashorttime2.Whether,if引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：(1)whether从句中有ornot(2)介词后用whether.Eerythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus3宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswondering_finishthisdifficultjob.4带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。即否定前移。F:IthinkhedoesntliketheEnglishteacher.T:I_thinkhe_theEnglishteacher.5.主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。False:Hewantedtoknowwhyheiscryinginthecorner.Right:Hewantedtoknow_cryinginthecorner.1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?Couldyoutellus_Mr.Brown_livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either._Jim_Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_thetrain_.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.They_gohome_theyhadfinishedtheirhomework6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday.四，形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。1.同级比较时常常用asas以及notso(as)as如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much,many,alot,even,abit,alittle3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the+比较级the+比较级”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下2种句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours.副词比较级基本用法。副词的比较等级形式与变化与形容词大致相同，以后缀-ly结尾的比较级和最高级大多在前面加more和most(1)原级。As+adj./adv.原级+as和一样。(2)比较级。Adj./adv.比较级+than比更(3)最高级。三者或三者以上比较时，常用the+adj./adv.最高级+in/of（比较范围）副词最高级前可以省略the*否定比较级可用less+adj./adv.原级+than.*同级比较中第一个as前面用序数词或量词修饰，可表示倍数关系。*形容词和副词比较级前用muchalot等修饰，表示不同程度。*借助other、else或否定词，比较级形式可用来表示最高级概念。(4)the+比较级，the+比较级。表示越越(5)比较级+and+比较级。表示越来越1. 原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。asas,notas/soas.注意：notas/soas=lessthan不及；不如.less+原形，否定的比较级.eg.Thisbookisntasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookis_thatone.=Thatbookis_thisone.2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）Whichis_useful,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in,of短语连用）1)Shanghaiisthe_(big)cityinChina.2)Heruns_(fast)inourclass.3)Heisthe_(tall)ofthethreeboys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”lazierandlazier越来越懒.注意：多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+(形、副).moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2)“the比较级，the比较级”“越，越,”_youare,_youwillget.你越懒，收获越少。注意:the后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。Themore_youare.=Themore_youdo.3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较的一个”Lucyisthe_(young)ofthetwins.4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”Mybrotheris_thanme.(大两岁)5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+asas”Thisbook_as_asthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。Hehas_as_booksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older/elder与farther/furtherolder（年龄较老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg.My_brotheris_thanme.farther(指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”) Hewentabroadfor_studies.Beijingis_fromourhometownthanChongqing.1. 比较级前用alittle一点儿;much/aloteven/still，表示“得多；更.1)alittlebigger大一点儿2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重 但注意：不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as;than后的词应与主语是The同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that;those;one;ones。Myhairislongerthan_(she)Thesilkorwoolenscarvesfeelsofterthan_madeofcotton3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。1）Bettyisclevererthananystudentinherclass()正：Bettyisclevererthan_studentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan(_)_studentsinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan_inherclass.=_iscleverthanBetty.=Bettyisthe_inherclass.2)Chinaisbiggerthan_inAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)Chinaisbiggerthan_inAsia.中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.()(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改：Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second,third,”（但“第一”可以省略用first）YellowRiveristhe_riverinChina.1.Yourideasoundsmuch_thanhis.A,interestingB,interestedC,moreinterestingD,moreinterested2.Inmyopinion,TimdoesntwriteEnglish_hissister.A,asclearasB,soclearasC,moreclearlyasD,asclearlyas3.Simonisafastrunner.Johnrunsevenfaster.ButLiuXiangruns_.A,fasterB,abitfasterC,fastD,fastest4.Shanghaiismyhometown.Itisoneof_inChina.A,thebiggestcityB,thebiggestcitiesC,abiggestcityD,thebigcity5.TheirEnglishsongssounded_.Ithinktheymustgetthefirstprize.A,wellB,wonderfulC,sweetlyD,wonderfully6.Itis_toworkoutthismathsproblem.Youneedntaskothers.A,veryeasilyB,easyenoughC,enougheasilyD,enougheasy7.Idontlikebuyingclothes.Iliketospendmoneycollectingstamps_.A,tooB,eitherC,alsoD,instead8.Iran_thanMariainthe400-metrerace.A,muchfastB,morefastC,muchfasterD,morefaster9.Simonisafastrunner.Johnrunsevenfaster.ButLiuXiangruns_.A,fasterB,thefastestC,fastD,fastest10.MaryusedtobethetallestgirlinClassTwo.ButnowAliceis_thanMary.A,tallB,tallerC,tallestD,thetallest11.IthinkLiuXiang,thefamousrunner,willbe_starinAsiaandintheworldaswell.A,hotB,hotterC,hottestD,thehottest12.TheirEnglishsongssound_.Ilikethem.A,wellB,wonderfulC,sweetlyD,wonderfully13.Imsurehecanrun_towinthefirstprize.A,enoughfastB,fastenoughC,toofastD,sofast14.Thatllbe_importantlecture,youmustntmissit.A,suchaB,suchanC,asuchD,soan15.SinceChinahasbeenamembernationofWTO,Englishis_usefulthanbefore.A,farB,mostC,moreD,very16.Rosecaughta_coldandhasbeen_illfordays.A,bad,badB,bad,badlyC,badly,badD,badly,badly17.Supermarketsarenecessary.Peoplecanspend_timefindingthingstheywant,buttheyusuallyspend_moneythantheywant.A,less,lessB,less,moreC,fewer,lessD,fewer,more18.Ofalltheactresses,shespeaksEnglish_.A,themostfluentB,mostfluentlyC,betterD,themostbeautiful19.Thegreenteasmells_.Ilikeit.A,wonderfullyB,wonderfulC,wellD,beautifully20.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Weneedtopractiseas_aspossible.A,soonB,moreC,muchD,harder21.InChinafamiliesarebecoming_with_children.A,small,fewB,smaller,fewerC,smallest,fewestD,smaller,less22.Whydoesshelookso_?Didshehailintheexamagain?A,interestedB,excitingC,unhappyD,surprise23.Thebosstri