（医学课件）猫呼吸系统疾病诊断.ppt

呼吸系统疾病的呼吸方式,1,呼吸系统疾病的诊断,2,Reflexes,Cough Productive vs. Nonproductive Sneeze Bronchoconstriction,3,.,咳嗽是一种保护机制，不会发生在下呼吸道和肺部感染,4,.,定义,呼吸困难-困难或呼吸困难 端坐-呼吸困难，在一坐/站立 呼吸急促（polypnea） -快速呼吸的 高通气-增加呼吸的速度和深度,5,.,呼吸困难和端坐,6,.,咯血,7,.,紫绀=蓝变色的毛细血管由于减少血液中血红蛋白的粘膜。,8,.,“Kevie”Souders 6月龄，男，小型犬,提出投诉： 嗜睡和软弱,9,.,10,.,11,.,病史,12,.,History (Hx),Signalment (Age, Breed, Sex) Primary Complaint Past Pertinent Medical Hx Current Medical Hx,13,.,体格检查,14,.,从历史和体检：上气道疾病，应下气道疾病的区别,15,.,Historical Signs Associated with Specific Anatomic Involvement of the Respiratory System Nasal Cavity Nasal discharge, sneezing, snorting, nasal rubbing, epistaxis Pharynx Hypersalivation, gagging, retching, dysphagia, inspiratory noise Larynx Inspiratory noise and dyspnea, gagging, stridor, occ. cough Trachea Upper third: inspiratory dyspnea, cough Lower two-thirds: cough Bronchi Cough, dyspnea (esp. expiratory), panting in cats Alveoli Cough, tachypnea, dyspnea (esp. expiratory) Pleural effusion Tachypnea (often rapid, shallow),16,.,Upper Airway Disease,Sneeze (reverse sneeze) Nasal Discharge Facial Swelling Stertorous Breathing (snoring) Voice Change Loud upper respiratory sounds Inspiratory Dyspnea Cough,17,.,Lower Respiratory Disease,Cough Expiratory or Inspiratory Dysnea Hyperpnea Abnormal Lung Sounds Rapid Shallow Respiration,18,.,呼吸系统的体检,19,.,20,.,21,.,22,.,23,.,24,.,25,.,26,.,27,.,28,.,永远不会忘记甲状腺,29,.,检查的下呼吸道,评分： 努力： 深度： 噪声： 第一期呼吸窘迫,30,.,查理鲁宾斯坦,31,.,气喘吁吁通常意味着严重的猫呼吸道疾病,32,.,触诊胸部,33,.,打击,34,.,听诊,35,.,36,.,37,.,肺音,呼吸声音（肺泡音） 不定声音 裂纹（罗音） 喘鸣（啰音）,38,.,异常呼吸音（大声,空气量增加 空气速度增加 综合龙 （仍允许气流） 肺部肿块 （仍允许气流),39,.,异常呼吸音（软）,恶性通货膨胀 肺气肿 增加胸膜腔 气胸 胸腔积液 膈疝,40,.,Crackles The timing during respiratory cycle should be noted. Most are heard at the end of inspiration.,41,.,Late Inspiratory Early Inspiratory/Early Expiratory Pulmonary Edema Obstructive Diseases Interstitial Pneumonia Feline Asthma Pulmonary Infiltrates Bronchopneumonia Pulmonary Fibrosis Tracheobronchial Fluid Accumulation Mycotic Pneumonia,Possible causes o