大工11春《大学英语3(开放英语3)》辅导资料六.doc

大连理工大学网络教育学院大学英语3（开放英语3）辅导资料六主 题：Unit 25Unit29的复习（二）学习时间：2011年5月16日5月22日内 容： 我们这周主要复习Unit 25Unit29的相关内容。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对这几个单元相关词汇、短语和语法的理解。一、学习要求1掌握Unit 25Unit29所涉及的相关词汇、短语和语法。二、主要内容1不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing的用法 everything 一切事物；每样事物：This shop sells everything needed for camping.（这家商店出售一切露营用具。）Tell me everything about it.（告诉我这件事情的始末。）（用作表语）最重要的事：Money is everything to him.（金钱对他比什么都重要。）Shes beautiful, I agree, but beauty is not everything.（我同意她是美丽的，但美并不是最重要的。） something 某事；某物；某东西：Theres something on the floor.（地板上有东西。）I want something to eat.（我想吃些东西。）something一般用在肯定句中，但在某些表示征求意见或希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，也用something 如：Would you like something to drink?（你要不要喝点什么？） anything 一般用在否定句及疑问句，意为某事；某物；某东西：Is there anything in that box?（那个盒子里有东西吗？）Has anything unusual happened?（有没有什么不正常的事发生？）They havent anything to eat.（他们没有东西可吃。） 无论什么：I want something to eat, anything will do.（我想要些东西吃，无论什么都可以。） nothing意为“没有任何东西，没有什么”。如：Nothing is found on the table.（桌子上什么也没有。）nothing一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看： What is in the box? Nothing. Is there anything in the sky? Nothing. 2used to do sth.意思是“过去常常做某事”，表示过去经常做或一直做而现在不做，它只用于过去时态。 肯定句式：主语used to动词原形例如：I used to play football, but I never have time now.（我过去经常踢足球，但现在没有时间了。） 否定句式： 主语did not use to动词原形 主语used not to动词原形第一种否定句型，就是把used当做实义动词来看，所以变否定句要用助动词did；第二种否定句是把used当做情态动词，变否定句直接在used后面加not即可，used not可以缩写成usednt或usent。美式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语常用B种形式。例如：I didnt use to drink.（你过去不喝酒。）The shop usednt to open on Sundays.（过去这家商店星期天不营业。） 一般疑问句式： Did主语use to动词原形？ Used主语to动词原形？美式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语用B种形式。例如：Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?（你小时候经常在河里游泳吗？）Used he go to school by bike?（他过去骑车上学吗？） used to用于省略句时，肯定式保留to，否定式不保留to。例如： Used you play basketball? （你过去常打篮球吗？） Yes, I used to. / No, I usednt. （是的，经常打。/不，不常打。I dont write to him now, but I used to.（我现在不给他写信了，但过去经常写。）3Since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. （他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。） for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. （我们认识有二十年了。）I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）4注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如：Ive lived here for ten years.（我在这里住了10年。）（现在仍住这儿）I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。（现在不住这儿了）Has he got up?（他起来了吗？）（着眼现在情况）Did you get up very early?（你起来很早吗？）（着眼动作本身）Ive got no news from him.（我没听到他的消息。）（不知道他的情况怎样）I got the news from Jim.（这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。）（单纯谈论动作）5与现在完成时连用的副词现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如：We have finished our work already.（我们已经完成了工作。）He has never driven a car before.（他过去从未开过车。）Have you ever been a teacher?（你当过教师吗？）Shes just been to a party.（她刚参加一个晚会回来。）Ive just had some photos taken.（我刚照了几张相。）6掌握have been to和have gone to的用法区别两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：She has been to Europe twice.（她到欧洲去过两次。）She has gone to Europe. (她到欧洲去了。)（即现在不在这儿） 注：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to.如：He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。He has gone home. 他回家去了。7过去进行时的基本用法 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then, at this (that) time, yesterday, at nine, last night等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。What were you doing at nine last night?（昨晚九点时，你在做什么？）I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.（昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。） 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。It was raining hard when I left my office.（当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。）When you called, I was eating.（你打电话时，我正在吃饭。）When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sweeping the floor.（当我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。）Some students were playing football, while others were running round the track.（一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。） 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只是表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调了动作的连续性。Li Ming washed the dishes.（李明洗过盘子了。）Li Ming was washing the dishes.（李明在洗盘子。）The children watched TV yesterday evening.（昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。）The children were watching TV yesterday evening.（昨晚孩子们整晚都在看电视。（没干别的）I was reading a novel this morning.（上午我在看小说。（可能没看完）I read a novel this morning.（上午我看了一本小说。（已经看完了）三、课后练习阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案写在答题纸上。“Wash every day and youll die young, my son !” People often said those words, long ago, of course. Napoleons wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. (“Its quicker,” she always said.) Rich people did not often have a bath. They washed their hands and faces, but not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young man once said to a doctor: “Soap and water have never touched my body.” (And the doctor answered, “Thats true. I know.”)Why didnt people wash in those days long ago?Well, they did not have water in their houses.They carried water from rivers or from holes in the ground (=wells泉). Towns- people bought it from a water-carrier. Sometimes it was expensive, and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course, and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true: they just did not like a bath. Modern life is different. We use a lot of soap and water. And we are all quite clean. However a few people use too much soap, and they often get ill. Who are these people?Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then “dress” other womens hair. That is their job, and they like it. Young hairdressers sometimes wash thirty heads on a busy day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours, and that is not a good thing. A young hairdressers hands are often red and ugly, and she must then go to a doctor.1Which of the following is not true in those days long ago?A. Rich people often bought new clothes.B.Rich people washed their faces and hands.C.Rich people often had baths.D.Many poor people n