大学英语综合教程My-vocabulary-Ⅲ.doc

My vocabulary 1. accurate a. 准确的，精确的【例句】Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.记者写的东西不一定都是准确的。【搭配】accurately ad.精确地; accuracy n.精确，准确的【辨析】accurate，correct， exact，precise都含有一定的正确,精确之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密 2attitude n. 态度，看法，意见 【例句】What is the Municipal Authoritys attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?市府当局对这过江隧道的提案有什么看法?【搭配】attitude toward/to对的态度; assume an attitude of采取态度3basis n. 基础，根据【例句】They charge customers on an hourly basis. 他们向顾客按钟点收费。【搭配】on . basis (=on the basis of)以为根据, 在基础上; provide a . basis for为提供根据【例句】Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.不要以相貌取人。【派生】basic基本的; basically基本上, 主要地; base底，基础；基地【辨析】base, basis, foundation, ground 这些名词均含有“基础”之意。base: 侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。basis: 主要用作抽象或引申意义。foundation: 用于具体意义时，侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。ground: 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基础，也可指某种原因的基础。4contact n.联系，联络，接触 v. 联系，联络，使接触【例句】 Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。 Ive been trying to contact you all day.我整天一直在设法与你联系。【搭配】 be in contact with和接触， 有联系; be out of contact with脱离接触， 失去联系bring into contact with使接触， 使与联系; come into (in) contact with接触， 碰上; have contact with接触到， 和有联系; lose contact with和失去联系， 离开5convey vt. 表达，转达 运送，输送【例句】 I would like to take this opportunity to convey the sincere greetings of the Chinese people to your people.我想借此机会转达中国人民对贵国人民的真诚的问候。 Your luggage will be conveyed by car from the station to your hotel.你的行李将用汽车由火车站运到旅馆。【搭配】convey sth. to向表达; convey from.to.把从转到6Ensure v. 保证，担保，确保【例句】 A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery.充足的睡眠保证你早日康复。【扩展】insure保险; assure保证，使放心【辨析】ensure, assure, guarantee, warrantensure 确定,保证确保某种行为一定会发生 ensure sth. /ensure that.assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(含有让某人放心之意) assure sb. of sth /assure sb. that. guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为提出担保,对事物、商品等无质量,性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证 warrant 担保,保证7. grasp v. 抓住，紧紧地抱住 理解，领会，掌握【例句】 Hearing the sound, the little girl grasped her mothers hand.听到响声，小女孩紧紧地抓住母亲的手。 She could never grasp how to do it.她永远也学不会怎么做那件事情。n. 抓，紧握理解；掌握控制【例句】Im afraid my grasp of economics is rather limited.恐怕我对经济学的理解是相当有限的。【搭配】grasp sb. by the.抓住某人身体的某个部位; beyond sb.s grasp为某人所不能及的; within sbs grasp为某人力所能及的; in the grasp of在掌握中; keep a firm grasp on抓紧; Grasp all, lose all.谚贪多必失。8. highly ad. 高度地，非常，极 【例句】 Our department store has always been very highly commended.我们的百货商店一向受到高度赞扬。He s poke very highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。【派生】high a.高的; height n.高度【辨析】 highly, highhigh和highly都可用作副词。一般来说，表示位置的“高”，用high；表示抽象概念的“高度”，用highly，修饰形容词，用highly。例如： The plane flies high in the sky飞机在高空中飞行。 We highly praised him我们高度评价他。 9Inform v. 通知，告诉【例句】 The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week.女校长告诉我们下周学校将停课一天。【搭配】be informed of听说，接到的通知; be rightly informed得到正确的情报be wrongly informed得到错误的情报; keep . informed随时向报告情况【派生】information n.信息; informative a. 提供消息的，增进知识的，有教益的; informed a. 有知识的，见闻广的，消息灵通的【辨析】inform notify acquaint 都含“告知”、“通知”的意思。inform 指“以任何方式直接告知”, 如:He informed me of your decision. 他把你的决定告诉了我。notify指“官方正式通告”, 如:Weve notified our loss to the police. 我们已向警察局报告了损失情况。acquaint 指“使某人了解前所未知的事”, 如:She acquainted us with her problems. 她把她的问题告诉了我们。10. initiative n. 主动，主动权，首创精神【例句】 He likes to take the initiative in making acquaintance.他喜欢主动交朋友【搭配】have the initiative掌握主动权;，有优先权; on ones own initiative主动地; take the initiative采取主动 【派生】 initiate v.发起，开始; initiation n.开始; initiatively ad.主动地11. inquire v. 问；询问 调查【例句】 She inquired about my mothers health.她问起我母亲的健康情况。 We inquired into his story, and found it was true.我们调查了他所讲的事情,发现属实。【搭配】inquire about查问, 打听, 了解; inquire after问候; inquire into盘查, 调查; 追究 【派生】 inquiring a. 好问的；爱打听的; inquiry n. 质询, 调查 【扩展】enquire询问(=inquire); acquire获得，学到12. likely a. 可能的【例句】 The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。 It is very likely that he will not consent.很可能他不会同意。【搭配】It is likely that.很可能【派生】 likelihood n.可能性【扩展】like v. 喜欢; prep. 像; dislike v. 不喜欢; alike a. 相像的; unlike a.不同的, 不相似的；prep.不象13. proportion n. 部分，份儿 比例，比率 相称，均衡 v. 使相称，使均衡，使成比例【例句】 The proportion of the population still speaking the dialect is very small.只有一小部分人还在讲这种方言。 This door is narrow in proportion to its height.这扇门就其高度的比例而言窄了些。The two windows are in admirable proportion. 这两个窗户十分协调。【搭配】in proportion匀称的，协调的; in proportion to/with与成比例，与相称; in the proportion of按的比例; out of proportion to与不相称，与不成比例【例句】The income tax increases in proportion to the amount we earn. 【派生】proportional成比例的，相称的，均衡的; proportionate成比例的 【扩展】rate比率，速度; ratio与之比 percentage百分比14. tend v. 倾向，趋向【例句】People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。【搭配】tend to do sth. 易于做，倾向于【派生】tendency n.趋势，倾向 【扩展】be inclined to do sth倾向于; intend to do sth.打算做15bring about 引起，导致【例句】 Jealousy in a relationship is often brought about by a lack of trust.朋友间的互猜忌经常是由于缺乏信任导致的。The accident was brought about by his carelessness.这场事故是由他的粗心造成的。【扩展】bring along带来; bring around使转向，使恢复知觉; bring down使降价; bring forth 引发，产生; bring forward将带上前来，提出; bring home to sb. 使某人确实相信; 使某人深切感到; bring in获得，收益; bring off使实现，圆满完成; bring up提出，养育，教养16cut off 切断，中断，阻断砍掉，切掉使隔绝【例句】 They were cut off in the middle of their telephone conversation.他们电话打到一半就断线了。cut off a branch from the tree.从树上砍下一根树枝。She felt cut off from her friends when she moved.她搬家后，觉得和朋友隔绝了来往。【扩展】cut across抄近路，走捷径; cut away切除，砍掉; cut back剪枝，修剪；减少，缩小，削减; cut down砍倒；削减，减少; cut in插嘴; cut into打断（谈话或电话通话）17in terms of 从方面来说；按照，根据 【例句】 It was a terrible year in terms of business.就生意而论，这是很糟糕的一年。The event can not be explained in terms of what happened.不能按照所发生的情况来解释这件事。【扩展】 according to依照，根据; be on speaking terms关系好; bring sb. to terms迫使某人服; come to terms达成协议，和解18. lie in （原因）在于 【例句】 His business failure lay in the fact that he made quite a few unwise investment recently. 他生意失败的原因在于他近年来做了许多错误的投资。19. put across 使被理解，把讲明白;【例句】 Im not putting my meaning across very well. 我未把我的意思解释清楚。【扩展】 put aside储存，留出; put away储存，把,放起来; put down 记下，写下 ；放下，按下；镇住，击败; put forward提出; put off推迟，拖延; put out生产；熄灭，扑灭; put through接通（电话）句子结构1 倍数“as many as ”,“as much as”以上结构是用来表示倍数表达的，结构是倍数+as many/much as。【例句】The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying three times as much here.【扩展】 而英语中表示倍数有下列表示方法：1. times 形容词 / 副词的比较级 than This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。2. times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 as This table is three times as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library. 3. times + the + 名词（如： size， height， weight， length， width 等） of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深。4. times + more 名词 than He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多 5 倍。There are twice more students in our class than in theirs. 我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。5. times +as many （或 much ）名词 as Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as （ we did ） ten years ago. 今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。（汉语中的多一倍实际上也指两倍一样多。）He has got three times as many books as his sister. 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的 3 倍。6. times + what 从句The price of the meat is twice what it was last year. 肉价是去年的两倍。7. times + up on （或 over ）The size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth.太阳的体积比地球的体积大一百万倍。He is three times up on your age. 他的年龄是你的 4 倍（或：比你的年龄大 3 倍）。8. +by + timesCompared with last year，our coal output has increased by three times. 与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了 3 倍。His speed is faster than mine by four times. 他的速度比我的快 4 倍。9. times + compared with 被比较对象The number of the students in our school has increased four times compared with 1980. 我们学校的学生人数比 1980 年增加了 3 倍。10. times + that of + 被比较对象In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的 3.5 倍。11. 用分数、百分数表示倍数The box is one-third bigger than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之一。Last year the output value of industry was 59 percent higher than that of 1976. 去年工业产值比 1976 年增长了 59 。My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我英语掌握得还不及你的一半儿好。2 as引导定语从句中使用被动语态-as + be+ p.p.