(初中)八年级英语语法全解.doc

由“7加3家教网”收集于网络，仅作交流，版权归于原作者。欢迎访问免费在线题库八年级下unit6短语及重点句型1、多久（对段时间提问）：how long.? Ive been skating for fvie hours?How long have you been skating?2、多久以后（对in+对段时间的将来时态提问）：how soon.? He will come here in an hour. How soon will he come here?3、多久一次（对动作的频率提问）：how often.? He comes here twice a week. How often does he come here?4、有、长的时间：for +段时间: for five hours :有三个小时了5、纵列式滑冰马拉松赛：inline skating marathon6、每天：every day 每天的：everyday7、一对、一双：a pair of +可数名词复数 一条裤子：a pair of pants 三条裤子：three pairs of pants8、自从、以来：since+从句：Since I was seven years old.（自从我7岁以来）since+点时间：since nine oclock(自从9点以来）since+段时间+ago：since three years ago（自从3年前以来）9、和某人谈话：talk to/with sb10、谈论、：talk about.11、从山顶学校：from Hilltop School 12、为、而筹钱：raise/collect money for. 为慈善筹钱：raise /collect money for charity13、 第一个开始的：the first one to start 最后一个回家：the last one to go home 第一位在太空中飞行的科学家：the first scientist to fly in space14、整整5个小时：the whole five hours=all the five hours15、三年半：three and a half years=three years and a half 一个半小时：an hour and a half=one and a half years16、想要做某事：would like to do sth=want to do sth17、想要某物：would like sth.=want sth 18、想要某人做某事：would like sb to do sth=want sb to do sth19、因为做某事而感谢某人：thanks /thank sb for doing sth.= give/return thanks to sb for doing sth20、因为谋事而感谢某人：thanks/thank sb for sth=thanks to sb for sth21、事实上：in fact=as a matter of fact22、我最喜爱的（人、物）：my (7加3家教网免费在线题库)22、不得不（客观因素）：have to do sth I had to work for a boss in order to make a living.(为了生存，我不得不为老板工作）23、一定、必须（主观因素）：must do sth I must work hard.（我必须努力工作）24、用完：run out of 无意碰到，跑过：run across 追赶：run after 逃跑：run away 自来水：running water25、使某事由别人做/遭受了、：have sth/sb+过去分词 Im going to have my shoes mended tomorrow.（明天我去补鞋子） She had her hands burned .（她烧伤了她的手）使某人做某事：have/let/make sb do sth使、处于、状态：have sb/sth doing sthhave a good time/a lesson/a meeting/a rest/a talk/a swim.穿着 ：have on和某人讲话：have a word with最好：had better do sth26、北极熊：polar bears27、别人：anyone else=anybody else 别的一些事情：something else 别的任何事情：everything else 没有别的事情：nothing else 别的什么事情：what else28、在某人、岁生日：on ones +序数词 birthday on my seventh birthday（在我7岁生日的时候）29、到处：be all around 30、带有动屋的玻璃器：globes with animals31、让（使）某人做某事：let/make/have sb do sth 有这种用法的还有一些感官动词： see sb do sth hear sb do sth notice sb do sth feel sb do sth watch sb do sth 如果接-ing形式，则表示动作正在进行。32、顺便说一句：by the way33、在去、的路上：on the way(to).34、挡路：in the way35、用这种（那种）：in this (that)way36、在某种程度上：in a way37、决不：in no way38、迷路：lose ones way39、喜欢做某事：like to do sth/like doing sth40、大约两年：about two years41、告诉关于、：tell about.42、制作一个、的清单：make a list of .43、完成做某事：finish doing sth44、对、感兴趣：be/become interested in.45、每两年：every two years.46、把某物送给某人：send sth to sb=send sb sth47、停止做某事：stop doing sth48、停下来做某事：stop to do sth新目标初二（八年级）第7单元导学UNIT 7 Would you mind turning down the music?单元导学一、本单元语言目标：1、 请求或者询问对方意愿2、 抱怨或对事情感到生气二、重点单词KEY WORDS1request, 请求，要求 2apologize 道歉 3command 命令，要求 4task 任务；工作；作业 5poster 海报；告示 6stylist 时新样式的设计者7waitress 女服务员 8annoy 打扰；使生气 9polite有礼貌的 10complain抱怨 11main 主要的 12detail 细节 13rush(抢购)热潮 14greedy 贪心的；贪婪的 15value 价值 16resell 转卖；再售 17smash 打破；打碎 18harm 损害；伤害 19continue 继续；持续 20government 政府 21fine 罚金；罚款 22mental 心智的；心理的 23similar 同样的；类似的 24throw 投；抛；扔掉 25customer 顾客26cause 引起；致使 27time 倍 28truly 真实的；诚恳的三、重点词组KEY PHASES1right away 立刻； 2in a minute 马上；3do the dishes （饭后）洗餐具 4get ou of 从中获得 5get up 起床 6put on穿上 7at a meeting 在开会8no problem 没问题 9haie stylist 发型师 10be annoyed 烦恼的 11make some posters 做一些招贴 12wait in line排队等候 13cut in line插队14all the time始终 15try not to do sth.试图不做某事16get angry生气 17pay a big fine付一大笔罚金 18in other parts of Asia在亚洲的其他部分 19throw away扔掉 20argue about议论某事21so much trouble这么多麻烦 22fly kites放风筝 23three and a half years三年半 24allow to do sth.允许做某事25the physical and mental health身体和心理健康 四、重点句型KEY SENTENCE STRUCTURES1 Would you mind cleaning your room? 你介意打扫一下你的房间吗？Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起，我马上就干。2 Would you mind moving your car? 你介意移一下你的车吗？No, not at all. 不，不介意。3 Could you please feed my little dog when Im taking a holiday? 我渡假时，你能喂一下我的小狗吗？4 Shall we help the elderly clean the yard? 我们帮老人打扫一下院子好吗？5 Lets make some rules to protact wild animals. 我们来定一些制度保护野生动物吧。6 Why dont you go there by plane? 你为什么不乘飞机去那呢？7 Why not give him a funny book as a present? 为什么不给他一本有趣的书做礼物呢？8 Youd better take a good care of yourself. 你最好能照顾好自己。9 Would you like to take part in the training camp? 你愿意参加训练营吗？10 Do I have to wash the dishes after dinner? 饭后我必须洗吗？五、重点语法1、Would you mind + doing ?你介意吗？请你可以吗？Eg.: Would you mind moving your bike? Not at all. 不介意 Ill do it right away. right away = at once = in a minute Would you mind cleaning your room? I am sorry. Ill clean it in a minute. (OK, Ill do it right away.) Would you mind doing something for me?Not at all, sir. What would you want me to do?2、在Would you mind + doing句型中，需注意：doing为动名词。动名词既具有动词的某些特征，也具有名词的某些特点。动名词由“动词原形 + ing”构成。在某些动词之后只能接动名词，而某些动词后面只能接动词的不定式。后面常接动名词的词有：mind, finish, enjoy, eg.: He enjoys walking in the park. I finished reading the book yesterday. Would you mind opening the window?动名词的否定式由“not + 动名词”构成Would you mind not doing?请不要好吗？Eg.: Would you mind not wearing the old jeans? OK, Ill put on another pair. Would you mind not playing the football here? Im sorry.3、would的常用句型：would作为情态动词，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，表示询问对方的意愿或者想对方提出请求，时间指现在或者将来。Would的语气要比will更加婉转和客气。常用的句型除“Would you mind doing？”之外，还有： Would you please?请可以吗？ Would you like?需要吗？ Would you like to?你愿意吗？Eg.: Would you please do me a favor? Sure. Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please./No, thanks. Would you like to join us? I would like to.Would you mind closing the door?你介意把门No, not at all.在提出请求或发出邀请时，除了上述would表示的句型之外，还可以说： Could you please do something?请你做某事可以吗？Eg.: Could you please help me with my housework? Sure./Certainly. Im afraid not.这一句型的否定式是：Could you please not do something?请你不要做某事好吗？Eg.: Could you please not sing in the classroom?4、could表示礼貌请求的用法：could是can的过去式，但在语气上要更加委婉、更加客气。正式的场合下，为了表示礼貌，常说“Could I please?”“我可以吗？”eg.: Could I have a talk with Mr. Smith, please? Could I take the seat? Certainly. Im afraid not.而比较随便的口语化的说法是：Can/May I, please?Eg.: Can I open it now? Sure./No, you cant.表示“请求”或“询问”的句型小结： Would you mind doing something? Could you please do something? Would you please do something? 上述句型都表示“请你做某事可以吗？”；还有“请你不要做某事可以吗？”,包括： Would you mind not doing something? Could you please not do something?表示“礼貌”询问句型： Would you like something? Would you like to do something? Could I, please? Can/May I, please?4、关于不愉快、生气的说法：unpleasant；annoying； complain；get annoyed；get mad；I cant stand it!新目标初二（八年级）第7单元目标Unit 7Would you mind turning down the music? 【单元目标】单词与短语minddish task clothing postersolutionannoy line return voiceetiquette normal AsianEurope allowpublic impolite coughsmoke sneezecriticize drop litter behave perhapspolite uncomfortable not at all 一点也不turn down 调节(收音机等)使音量变小right away 立刻；马上wait in line 排队等候cut in line插队keep down 控制at first 首先break the rule不服从；不遵守put out 熄灭put on 穿上pick up 捡起even if 即使目标句型：1. Would you mind doing? 2. Do you mind doing?3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do?4. Would you mind not doing?5. Not at all. Ill do it right away.6. Sorry，Ill do it right away.7. Please do / dont8. Youd better do重点句型1. Would you mind turning down the music?2. whether和if引导从句的用法。3. get的用法【重难点分析】1. Would you mind?和Do you mind? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式，复合结构 ones doing或if引导的从句。 例如： Would you mind doing the dishes? Do you mind doing the dishes？ Please do the dishes. 请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事) Would you mind turning down the radio? Do you mind turning down the radio? 请把收音机关小点好吗？(2)Would you mind my doing? = Do you mind if I do? 这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。 例如： Would you mind my smoking here？ Do you mind if I smoke here? 你介意我在这里吸烟吗？ Would you mind my asking you a question? Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我问你一个问题好吗？ Would you mind my opening the window? Do you mind my opening the window? Can I open the window? 我可以开窗吗? 注意： 在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.？来表达，但是在书面表达中要用my。 Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗？(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题，可以用Do you mind?通常不用Would you mind? 如： Do you mind people smoking in your house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗? 这里不能说Would you mind people smoking in your house?(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not?或Do you mind not? 如： Would you mind not playing basketball here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗？ Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?(5)回答DoWould you mind? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No或Not at all等；如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，Im sorry，but I do.等， 如： -Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗? -No，please do.可以，请问吧。2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out等动词之后。 如： Im not sure whether /if Ill have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。 He asked me whether/if I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.只能使用whether的场合(1)只有whether能用在介词后面 如： Success depends on whether we make enough effort.(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether 如： Whether we help him or not，he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否， 他都将失败。(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if 如： Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。They didnt know whether to agree or keep silent. 他们不知道是应该同意还是保持沉默。(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能 如： Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。 Its not sure whether he is free. 他是否有时间不确定。3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下（公共汽车、火车、船、飞机. 如： She got on / off the bus quickly. get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。 如： Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！ I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。 get的其它的用法：(1)表示“到达，抵达”，如果后接表示到达某地的名词，get后面要接介词to，如果get后接的是地点副词就可以直接在get后使用。 如： She got there at six. 她六点钟到达那里。（there为地点副词） When we got to the station， the bus was waiting. 当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。（the station是名词）(2)get sth. done使；受；让人做好；经历；让；做（该做的事） 如： Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。I must get the television fixed. 我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。(3)get与宾语+形容词连用，其意思是“使某物/某人成为” 如： I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。 Its time to get the kids ready for school. 该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。 (4)成为 如： My hands are getting cold. 我的手冷。 The foods getting cold. 菜凉了。 This skirt is getting dirty；it needs washing. 这件短裙脏了，该洗一洗了。 He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。(5)获得，取得 如： I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。 Ill get something to eat before I got out. 我出去之前要找点东西吃。【习题检测】一. 单项选择1. May I help you? You have lots of things to carry. Would you mind _ for me?A. carrying these books B. carry these booksC. to carry these booksD. will carry these books2. Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me？ SorryMy mother always tells me _ there Anot goBgo Cnot to goDto go 3. The old man wondered _. Awhether the American pilot had seen UFOBwhether had the American pilot seen UFOChow had the American pilot seen UFODthat the American pilot had seen UFO4. _ he left here?A. Do you think whenB. When do you thinkC. Do you think how longD. How long do you think5. We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. Whats the weather like，Mike? Why not _ the radio and listen to the weather report? Aturn onBturn offCtake awayDfind out6. Do you mind if I sit here? _. Its for Mr. Brown.A. Not at allB. Never mindC. Better notD. Of course not7. Can you write a letter in English? No，I _. Amay notBmustntCcantDneednt8.“Help _ to some meat，Mary，”my aunt said to me. AthemselvesBourselvesCyourselfDhimself9. He asked _ they needed some more tea. AthatBwhatCwhetherDwhich10. Wei Fang is young，but she plays ping-pong _ her mother. Aas good asBas well asCas better asDas best as11. Could you _，please? Its too loud. Aturn down the radioBturn on the radioCturn on the TVDturn it on二. 选择正确的词组，用其正确形式填空 put onannoyput outnot at allbehave1. Please _ the light before you go to bed.2. The boy _ very well last night.3. I was _ by his bad manners.4. Thank you very much _.5. It is quite cold here. Youd better _ your coat. 三. 完型填空Miss Richards was a teacher at a school for boys and girls. She 1 chemistry and physics from the lowest to the highest classes in the 2. Sometimes the new classes 3 rapidly，but sometimes they were very 4，and then Miss Richards had to 5 things many times.One year，the first class had been studying chemistry for several 6 when Miss Richards suddenly asked，“What is water? Who knows? 7 up?”There was silence (沉默) for a few seconds，and miss Richards felt saddened(难过)，but then one boy 8 his hand.“Yes，Dick?”said Miss Richards encouragingly(鼓励地). He was not one of the brightest children in the class，so she was 9 that he could answer.“Water is a liquid which has no 10 until you wash your hands in it，Miss. Then it turns black，”the boy replied with great confidence(信心).1. Ateaches Bteaching CtaughtDteach 2. Aschooling BschoolCschoolsDhome 3. Alearned BlearningChad been learned Dwere learned 4. Aslow Bbeing slow Cslowly Dslowest 5. ArepeatedBrepeatingCdo Drepeat 6. Ayears Bminutes CweeksDseconds 7. APut BHands CGet DLook 8. Alows BrideCraisedDput 9. Asad Bglad Cangry Dhungry 10. Acolour BcolourfulCcolourless Dwith colour四. 阅读理解We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights，and there my wife saw the bookshelf.It stood outside a furniture（家具）shop.“Buy it，”she said at once.“Well carry it home on the roof-rack（车顶架）. Ive always wanted one like that.”What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer，and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow，quite heavy too.As it was getting darker，I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.After a time my wife said，“Theres a long line of cars behind. Why dont they overtake（超车）?”Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers（警官）inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then， with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）. One of the officers came to me.“Right，sir，”he said.“Do you need any more help now?”I didnt quite understand.“Thanks，officer，”I said.“Youve been very kind. I live just down the road.”He was looking at our things: first at the flowers，then at the bookshelf.“Well，well，” he said and laughed. “Its a bookshelf youve got there! We thought it waser，something else.”My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. “Yes， its a bookshelf，but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.1From the story we know that _.Athe writer was poor and didnt buy the bookshelf for his wifeBthe writers wife didnt like the bookshelf at allCthe writer was always glad to buy something for his wifeDthe writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife2What made the writer think that carrying furniture was “a good idea”?AHe could drive slowly and it was safe.BOther drivers would let him go first.CHis wife could use a new bookshelf.DHe could save a lot of money and time.3Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?ABecause they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.BBecause they didnt think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it.CBecause they thought somebody in the writers family had died and he needed help.DBecause they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.4Why did the writers wife begin to laugh?ABecause now she knew what mistake the police had made.BBecause at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church.CB