历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析(同名15046).doc

攻克考研英语长难句200个经典句1The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.结构分析：本句是and 连接的两个并列句；第一个句子的主要结构是The “shareholders” had no knowledge ；过去分词短语employed by the company作定语,修饰前面的workmen；定语从句in which he held shares修饰前面的the company；第二个句子的主要结构是his influencewas not good。参考译文：这种股东不了解自己持股公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.结构分析：but连接两个句子，表转折关系；第一个句子的主要结构是The paid manager was in more direct relation with；现在分词短语acting for the company作定语，修饰The paid manager；第二个句子的主要结构是he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen；定语从句which the employer had often had away修饰前面的familiar personal knowledge；介词短语under the more patriarchal system of the old family business作状语，修饰谓语动词had often had；现在分词短语passing away作定语，修饰前面的old family business。参考译文：代公司进行管理的领薪经理与工人及其需求有更直接的关系，但甚至连他们也已不像当年更具家长管理式的制度下的企业老板那样熟悉工人的情况。Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.结构分析：本句主要结构是I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; 四个名词短the countrys excellent elementary schools /a labor force/the practice/ and above all the American genius做single out的宾语；定语从句that welcomed the new technology修饰前面的labor force；形容词technological 是后置定语，修饰前面的things。参考译文：在诸多形成因素中，我想挑选出这些因素：这个国家优异的小学教育；欢迎新技术的劳动大军；奖励发明者的做法；尤其是美国人在处理技术问题时所具有的非语言的，“空间”思维的天赋。 Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.结构分析：本句的主要结构是observers related A to B（relate A to B表示“把和联系起来”）。参考译文：目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和发明创造与这种教育优势联系起来。A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it.结构分析：本句的主要结构是A further stimulus came from；非限定性定语从句which preceded it修饰前面的the “premium” system；定语从句部分and连接两个并列的谓语动词（preceded和ran）；句末的it指代前面的patent system。参考译文：推动发明的另一刺激因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于专利制度之前，且与专利制度同时运作了好多年。Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Americans flocked to these fairs；and连接两个不定式to admire the new machines和thus to renew做flocked 的目的状语。参考译文：美国人纷纷涌向这些博览会去欣赏新机械，也因此更加坚信技术进步造福人类。As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process”结构分析：本句的主体部分是直接引语；直接引语中由分号连接两个分句；第一个分句（；）的主要结构是A technologist thinks about objects；that 引导定语从句that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions修饰前面的objects；第二个分句中使用了被动语态（be dealt withby），主语they指代前面的objects。参考译文：正如尤金 弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式来处理”Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”结构分析：本句的主要结构是Robert Fulton once wrote + 直接引语；直接引语中，句子的主要结构是The mechanic should sit down；among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc.做状语；like是连词，表示“如同，同样”，构成比较关系，like a poet 后面省略了和前面句子一样的谓语部分：a poet (should sit down) among the letters of；现在分词短语considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts 作伴随状语，其中them指代前面的letters；which 引导的非限定性定语从句in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea修饰前面的an exhibition of his thoughts。参考译文：罗伯特 富尔顿曾写道：“技术人员应该坐在杠杆、螺钉、楔子、轮子等中间，如同诗人处在字母之中，应把它们看作为自己思想的一种表达方式，每一个新组合都能传递一种新的思想。”The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.结构分析：本句的主要结构是The goal will be to try to explainthat；其中explain 后面接的是“explain to sb sth”结构，表示“向某人解释某事”；这里的sth由that 引导的宾语从句（that there are not universe and life）担任；该宾语从句的主要结构是there are not two equally valid scientific theories；介词短语for the origin and evolution of universe and life做定语，修饰前面的名词theories。参考译文：所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是不开通的芸芸众生：就宇宙和生命的起源与演化而言，不可能存在两个同样站得住脚的科学理论。10“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.结构分析：本句的主要结构是“Scientific” creationism , is based on religion , not science；which引导的非限定性定语从句which is being pushedgiven 修饰“Scientific”creationism；在该定语从句中，whenever 引导时间状语从句（whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given）。参考译文：有人竭力宣扬“科学”神造论，每当课堂上讲授进化论时，这些人就想争抢“相同的课时”来解释这一学说。神造论是以宗教为基础的，而非科学。11He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.结构分析：两个逗号之间的and连接两个分句；在后一个分句中，for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists是插入结构，其中形容词短语unfamiliar with the ways of creationists修饰those。参考译文：他揭露了这些人的活动和伎俩，对那些不了解神造论者做事方式的人来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。12On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate.结构分析：第一个句子中用了直接引语做says的宾语；第二个句子And so it does（=This book stands for reason itself）是对第一句的赞同；破折号后作进一步解释，其中隐含一个省略if的倒装句，表示虚拟条件，相当于 and all would be well if reason were the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate。参考译文：这部优秀作品的封面上引用了斯蒂芬 杰 古尔德的一句话，“这本书本身代表理性”。的确如此 如果理性是神造论和进化论之争的唯一裁判标准，一切问题就已解决了。13After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.结构分析：介词短语After six debates做时间状语；本句的主要结构是Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority；动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 做定语，修饰legal authority；who 引导定语从句who wish to die修饰前面的patients。参考译文：经过6个月的争论和最后议会16个小时的激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区当局成为全世界第一个立法允许医生可以根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法机构。14Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.结构分析：本句表示对比：Some have breathed, othersbitterly attacked, 其中others 后面的 including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association对others做进一步解释；its passage中的its指代前面提到的the bill。参考译文：一些机构如释重负，其他一些机构，包括教会、倡导生命权利的组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。15In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.结构分析：本句的主要结构是other states are going to consider making a similar law；句首的介词短语in Australia 作地点状语，where 引导的定语从句where an aging their part修饰Australia。参考译文：在澳大利亚，人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和公众态度的不断变化，这些因素都发挥着各自的作用。其他州也将考虑制订类似的法律来解决安乐死问题。16A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.结构分析：本句是复合句：A lateral movecareer是主句，although引导让步状语从句；主句的主要结构是A lateral move prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career（“prompt sb. to do sth.”结构）；定语从句that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress修饰a lateral move；although 引导的状语从句的主要结构是I covered my exit ；两个逗号之间的部分in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入结构；“I wanted to spend more time with my family”做claiming的宾语。参考译文：一次侧面的人事变动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，宣称“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起”来掩饰我的退出。17Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.结构分析：本句主要结构是my experiment has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality（“turn sth into sth”结构）；some two-and-a-half years and two novels later是时间状语；名词性从句what the Americans term “downshifting”做介词in的宾语 ；downshifting （“换低档”）与驾驶汽车有关，在这里作者喻为过较简朴的生活。参考译文：奇怪的是，大约经过两年半写完两部小说后，我这美国人称之为“换低档”的试验，却将我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。18I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.结构分析：本句的主要结构是I have discoveredthat abandoning and making brings far greater rewards ；that引导宾语从句that abandoning and making brings far greater rewards 做discovered的宾语；abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”和 making the alternative move into “downshifting” 是两个并列的主语；far greater rewards than financial success and social status 做brings的宾语；as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress是插入结构，做比较状语，谓语部分承上文省略了谓语主要动词discover,该部分主要结构是as perhaps Kelsey will （discover）, 介词短语after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress做时间状语，修饰as perhaps Kelsey will （discover），介词短语after a build-up of stress是时间状语，修饰resignation from the editorship of She。参考译文：或许正像凯茜在不堪重负后而公开宣称辞去她在她杂志编辑的职务后一样，我发现放弃 “为生活忙碌” 的信仰转而过一种比较悠闲的生活所带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。19Downshiftingalso known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. 结构分析：本句的主要结构是Downshifting has bred a new area；破折号之间的部分是插入结构，补充说明downshifting；ironically也是插入语；what might be termed anticonsumerism说明a new area的内容。参考译文：具有讽刺意味的是,追求比较悠闲的生活在美国也称“自愿简朴”，竟然孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。20While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.结构分析：本句是一个复合句：从句是While in America the trend started and is still linked to（介绍美国的情况）,主句是 in Britain, we have different reasons （介绍英国的情况）；while表示主句和从句之间是对比关系；在从句中，started 以及 is still linked to是两个并列的谓语，破折号之间的部分after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s是插入结构，补充说明时间，过去分词短语caused by downsizing in the late 80s作定语修饰the mass redundancies；主句中，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance是插入结构。参考译文：在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应 那是在20世纪80年代后期裁员而引起大量的失业之后 这种趋势现在仍被认为与节俭的政纲有关，在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，追求俭朴生活的缘由就多种多样了。 21For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lifegrowing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into oneas a personal recognition of your limitations.结构分析：本句的主要结构是downshifting is not so much a searchas a personal recognition；not so much A as B表示“与其说是A，不如说是B”，其中A是a search for the mythical good life，B是a personal recognition of your limitations；介词短语For the women of my generation表示“对于我们这一代女性来说”，做状语；定语从句who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s修饰the women of my generation；破折号之间growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one补充说明the mythical good life的具体内容。参考译文：对我们这一代曾在整个20世纪80年代为生活奔波的女性来说，20世纪90年中期的简化生活与其说是我们寻求神话般的好生活 自种有机蔬菜并冒着自己放弃一切的危险 倒不如说我们都认识到了自身的局限。22Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Its an interactive feature；that引导定语从句修饰an interactive feature；定语从句的主要结构是that lets then E-mails ；then连接先后发生的两个动作； when a matching position is posted in the database是时间状语从句。参考译文：这是一种有互动性的工具，访客只需键入自己的求职要求，诸如地点、职务和薪水，然后给网上贴出的对应岗位发个邮件即可。23With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient.结构分析：本句中独立主格结构With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet （“with+名词+介词短语”）做原因状语，动名词短语finding promising openings做主语。参考译文：网上有成千上万个与谋职有关的网站，所以要找到好的岗位未免低效耗时。24Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.结构分析：本句中分号（；）连接两个句子，第二个句子补充说明第一个句子；第一个句子的主要结构是the best strategy is to use，不定式to use做表语，不定式to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database做目的状语；第二个句子中，when引导时间状语从句，consider是主句，祈使句结构；consider it a reminder to check the database again用的是“consider+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；to check the database again具体说明a reminder的内容。参考译文：最佳策略应是，把这种搜索工具看作“提示服务”，借它了解网站上的招职职位；一旦收到邮件，即将其看作是一个提醒，以便查阅网站。25“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. 结构分析：直接引语的主要结构是I would not rely on agents；第一个定语从句that is added to a database修饰everything；第二个定语从句that might interest me修饰a database。参考译文：一位求职搜索指南的作者就说过，“我可不想全靠这些搜索工具，去了解网站中新添加的使我感兴趣的信息。”26Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Some use them ；两个不定式to keep 和(to) gather做use them的目的状语；keep a close watch on表示“密切关注”，the demand for表示“对的需求”；不定式to arm themselves 做gather information的目的状语；when negotiating for a raise做gather information on compensation to arm themselves的时间状语。参考译文：有人便借它严密关注自己专业的需求情况，或为加薪谈判搜集相关的加薪信息。27This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 结构分析：本句的主要结构是This refers to discrimination ；for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是插入结构，形容词短语unaware of such a disadvantage修饰those；定语从句whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet修饰those；in the lower half of the alphabet作定语修饰a letter。参考译文：许多人迄今还了解这种现象，它指的是姓氏首字母位于字母表下半部分的人们所遭受的歧视。28The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.结构分析：本句的主要结构是The change met the technical requirementsand prevented the decline；by engaging a large professional element 是说明met the technical requirements的方式，做状语；定语从句that so commonly spoiled founders 修饰前面的the decline in efficiency。参考译文：这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并阻止了效率的降低，这种效率的降低使得许多家族商行在那些精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、第三代手中破产倒闭。29Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Such large, impersonal manipulationincreased the numbers and importance ；an element in national life是a class 的同位语；现在分词短语representing irresponsible wealth作定语，修饰前面的an element；过去分词短语detached fromand almost equally detached from作后置定语，修饰前面的wealth。参考译文：这种大规模地、非个人性地对资本和企业进行操作，极大地增加了作为一个阶层的股东的数量和重要性，作为国民生活的一部分，股东阶层代表着不承担责任的财富与土地拥有者所拥有的土地和应尽义务的分离，而且同样与企业的责任管理分离。30Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Townssprang up to houseclasses who , and who；两个定语从句who , and who修饰前面的classes；except是介词，它后面的that 指代relation；drawing和attending是并列关系，作介词of的宾语；动词不定式to dictate their orders to the management作动词attending 的目的状语。参考译文：像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城市的兴起，是为了给大批退休阶层过上舒适的生活，这些人有丰厚的收入，除了领取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，向管理人员发号施令，他们与外界没有联系。31After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.结构分析：第一句中前面是介词词组作时间状语：After a “cooling off ” period of seven days。第二句使用了被动语态the wish can be met。参考译文：在经过7天的冷静期之后，病人可签署一份申请证明。48小时后，就可以满足其安乐死的愿望。32There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.结构分析：共三个句子。第一个句子是there be结构，of course 是插入语。第二句是主语+系动词+表语结构，双重否定结构hardly unknown表示肯定。第三句使用了“sothat” 结构，其中过去分词短语made so frequently作定语，修饰前面的observation, it指代observation。参考译文：当然也有例外。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员、粗鲁的侍者和无礼的出租车司机也并非罕见。但因为这种情况常见，所以就值得评论。 33Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.结构分析：本句的主要结构是 Strangers and travelers were welcomeand brought。注意diversion 在本句中作“解闷、消遣、娱乐”讲。参考译文：陌生人和旅行者给他们的生活带来了娱乐消遣，因而受到欢迎，同时还带来了外界的消息。34Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.结构分析：本句的主要结构是Someone had nowhere ；现在分词短语traveling alone作定语，修饰前面的someone；if hungry, injured, or ill 实际上是省略了主语（someone）和be动词的条件状语从句，这里作插入成分。注意后半句中的turn to结构。参考译文：单独旅行时如果饿了、受伤或生病，通常只能向最近的村民或村落求助。35It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. 结构分析：本句的主要结构是it was not a matter of cho