写作基本要领范文.doc

写作基本要领范文 写作基本要领 ?使用规范的句子 1.完整 1)意义的完整 BikesaresopopularinChina. (BikesaresopopularinChinathatalmosteveryfamilyhasatleastone.) 2)结构的完整 指代不明 Itisincredibletomanypeople.Cigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness. (Itisincredibletomanypeoplethatcigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.) 省略错误 IsaidIhavemorerespectforhimthanhiswife. (IsaidIhavemorerespectforhimthanforhiswife.) 断句不严 Wecouldntdecideuponanewcar,thereweremanyattractivemodels. (Wecouldntdecideuponanewcar,forthereweremanyattractivemodels.)or (Wecouldntdecideuponanewcar.Thereweremanyattractivemodels.) 2.连贯 1)代词指向不明确 Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitwasnotserious. (Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butwasnotseriouslyhurt.) 2)不定式、分词、动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致 Tosueedinascientificresearchproject,persistenceisneeded. (Tosueedinascientificresearchproject,oneneedstobepersistent.) 3)结构不平行 Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod,whilenowthelaboratorymethodisemployed.(Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod;nowitistaughtbythelaboratorymethod.)Itwasbothalongceremonyandverytedious. (Theceremonywasbothlongandtedious.) 4)主次不分，重点不突出 Thepetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyearandthecandidatesspenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexaminationandtheyneglecttheirhealthandsothenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthisproblemseriously. (Asthepetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyear,thecandidatesspenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexamination,neglectingtheirhealth.Inviewofthis,thenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthisproblemseriously.) 3.简练 1)删除（多余成分） Thedistantexplosionwasaudibletotheear. (Thedistantexplosionwasaudible.) TherearefourpaniesinShanghai,andanyofthemcansupplyuswithspareparts. (AnyofthefourpaniesinShanghaicansupplyuswithspareparts.) 2)替换（用词或词组替代从句） Thebottlesthatareplacedontheshelfcontainsomechemicalsthathavebeennewlydiscovered.(Thebottlesontheshelfcontainnewchemicals.) Mr.Li,whoismyfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistinguishedTeacherAward. (Mr.Li,myfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistinguishedTeacherAward.) 4.多样化 1)简单句与复杂句 Iamsorrynottohaveansweredyourletterearlier. IamsorrythatIhavenotansweredyourletterearlier. 2)双重否定 Thevalueoftheinformationhehasprovidedcannotbeoverestimated. Thereisnogeneralrulewithoutsomeexceptions. 3)变化主语 Ifyoutakethismedicine,youwillfeelbetter. Thismedicinewillmakeyoufeelbetter. ?常用句型 1.相似性 1)AistoBwhat/asCistoD MoralcorruptionistotheStateasphysicaldiseaseistoanindividualbody. 2)Justas,so Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds,soistheearthtohumanbeings. 3)AandBhavesth.inmon Asfaraspersonalityisconcerned,theyhavealmosteverythinginmon. 4)AissimilartoB Myhobbyissimilartohisinthatwebothlikecollectingrecords,foreignanddomestic. 5)Thesameistrueof,Thesamecanbesaidof Astheeconomiesofallcountriesarecloselyinterrelatednocountrycandevelopinself-seclusion(隔绝).ThesameistrueofChina. 2.相异性 1)Aisjusttheopposite(toB) Beijingispopulousandcrowded,whileCanberraisjusttheopposite. 2)AdiffersfromBinthat ChinasconditiondiffersfromoursinthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld. 3)isnotthesame Whileitmaybetruethatbasketballandvolleyballsharecertainfeatures,theexcitementeacharousesinthespectatorsisnotthesame. 3.权衡 1)Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages Itseemssafetosaythattheadvantagesofmarriageoutweighthedisadvantagesofdivorce. 2)Nothingcanrival Perhapsnothingcanrivalthepleasurefromreading. 3)hasdrawbacksaswellasmerits. Therecouldbenodoubtthatjob-hoppinghasitsdrawbacksaswellasmerits. 4)AissuperiortoB Menmaybesuperiortowomeninphysicalaffairs.Yet,thereisnodifferenceinintelligence. 5)variesfrompersontoperson Peoplesattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson. 4.过渡句 1)Itistruethatmostjobsareaseriesofmoreorlessunpleasantchores,butitdoesntfollowthatthatsalltheyare. 2)Thisistrue,nodoubt,butitisnotthewholestorybyanymeans. 3)ItisfairlywellknownthatVitaminCisindispensabletohealth.Butitisprobablylesswellknownthattakingitexcessivelymaydoharmtothehumanbody. 5.图表中的过渡 1)Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofparisonbetweenthetwouniversities.Ascanbeindicatedinthetable,thehousingspaceforthestaffofAin1995was34500squaremeters,whichnearlydoubledtheBscorrespondingfigure. 2)Aswecouldfindoutlaterinthisunit,hisplanwasnotquiteashehadexpected. 3)Asisrevealedinthegraph 4)Asthesurveyresultsshow 6.描述曲线走势 1)Thepopulationroserapidlyuntilitreached600000in1990.Since1990thegrowthhascontinuedbutthepopulationhasrisenrelativelyslowly. 2)Thebirthrateinthisregionrocketedtothehighestpeakin1963. 7.图表作文中的开头与结尾 1)Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofparisonbetweenthetwokeyuniversities. 2)Thetwographsdepictthesamethingseenintwodifferentways.ThefirstdiagramsimplyrecordsThesecondgraphthrowsalighton 3)Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows: 4)Ifdriverscontinuetodrivemorecarefullyandfurtherstrengthentheirsenseofsafety,therateofaidentscanbeexpectedtodeclineevenmoredramaticallyintheyear1991. ?句子之间的连接 1.过渡词语 1)附加递进：and,also,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,besides 3)对比转折：but,yet,while,whereas,although,however,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,incontrast 3)陈述理由：for,since,as,because,dueto,onthegroundsthat,owingto 4)表达结果：so,asaresult,thus,consequently,therefore 5)肯定强调：obviously,certainly,ofcourse,undoubtedly,infact,indeed 6)罗列条件：if,aslongas,providedthat,unless 7)顺序列举：firstly,tobeginwith,then,afterthis,lastbutnotleast