八年级英语精讲精练.doc

Unit 1 How often do you exercise? 目标认知 重点词汇 1exercise v./n.锻炼；练习 2hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有3ever adv. 曾经 4once adv. 一次5twice adv.两次；两倍 6time n. 次数7building n. 建筑物；房屋 8Internet n. 网络；互联网9most adv. 大多数的；大部分的 10result n.结果；成果11active adj.活跃的；积极地 12for prep. 对于；关于；就而言13about adv. 大约 14milk n.牛奶15drink v. 喝；饮 16health n.健康17habit n. 习惯；习性 18try v. 试图；设法；努力19better adj.更好的 20same adj.同样的；一样的21as prep. （表示比较）像一样 22different adj. 差异的，不同的23difference n. 不同；差异；区别 24maybe adv. 或许；大概25although conj. （though）虽然；即使；纵然重点词组及句型：1how often多久一次 2hardly ever 几乎不3as for 至于；关于 4of course 当然5the same as和相同 6go skateboarding去玩滑板7surf the Internet上网 8look after 照顾，照看9try to do sth. 努力去做某事 10help sb. do/to do sth. 帮助某人做某事11junk food 垃圾食品 12eating habits 饮食习惯13healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 14be good for对有益15How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？16What do you usually do on weekends?你周末经常做什么?17I often go to the movies. 我经常去看电影.18- How often does Cheng watch TV? Cheng多久看一次电视? - He watches TV twice a week. 他一周看两次电视。19Most students exercise three or four times a week. 大多数学生一周锻炼身体三次或四次。20My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想让我喝它。21She says its good for my health.她说这对我的健康有益。22How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时？23I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我尽量多吃蔬菜。24And my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. 我的健康生活方式帮助我取得好成绩。25Good food and exercise help me to study better. 好的食物和锻炼帮助我学习更好。26So maybe Im not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.或许我不是很健康，尽管我有一个健康的习惯。日常用语：1. Whats your favorite program? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？2. What do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么？3. What does she do on weekends? 她周末做什么？ She often goes to the movies. 她经常去看电影。4. May I use your eraser? 我可以用你的橡皮吗？ Of course. 当然（可以）。5. How often do you drink milk, Liu Fang? 刘芳，你多长时间喝次牛奶？ I drink milk every day. 我每天都喝牛奶。 Do you like it? 你喜欢牛奶吗？ No. But my mother wants me to drink it. She says it is good for my health. 不喜欢。但是妈妈想让我喝。她说牛奶对我的健康有益。精讲巧练1How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次身体？How often 意为“多久一次”，通常是表示频率的副词进行提问，如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 等；也可以对表示“多久几次”之类的短语进行提问，如 twice a week (一周两次)。例如：- How often do you surf the Internet? 你多久上网一次？- Hardly ever. 偶尔。- How often does he go to work? 他多久工作一次？- Five days a week. 一周工作五天。随时练【考例】- How often do you drink milk? - _.A. Every day B. Everyday C. Tomorrow D. A month【答案与解析】本题选A 。how often问的是频率，所以，应选一个频度副词，every day是“每一天”的意思，故选A。而everyday是一个形容词“每一天的，日常的”，因此不能选B。拓展1）always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never比较always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词，他们在句中的位置大致相同：通常放在行为动词之前，系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但是他们所表示的含义及频度各不相同。(1) always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。(2) usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。(3) often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。 very often 语气比often 重，常位于句首或句末。例如：He doesnt go to London very often. 他不常去伦敦。(4) sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。(5) hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如：I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。(6) never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如：My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。随时练【考例】按百分比写出相关频率的副词100%90%80%30%-50%20%5%0%always1._2._3._4._5._never【答案与解析】1. almost 2. usually 3. often 4. sometimes 5. hardly ever2）exercise 的用法（1） 作动词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如：- How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？- I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。（2） 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼、运动”。例如：Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。（3） 作可数名词，意为“运动、操”，“练习题”。例如：We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。We do English exercise to help us English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。随时练【考例】Your brother should take more , or he will be fatter.A. exercise B. exercises C. many exercise D. much exercise【答案与解析】本题应选A。本题的意思是“你弟弟应该多锻炼，否则他会更胖”。此处的exercise是抽象概念，为不可数名词，故选A。2. Most students exercise three or four times a week. 大多数学生每周锻炼身体三次或四次。1）句中most表示“大部分，多半”的意思。 例如：Most children like playing computer games. 大部分孩子喜欢电脑游戏。拓展most与most of 的区别(1) most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如：Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spend most time learning English. 大部分时间我总是花在学习英语上。(2)most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，遇到这些情况用most of 代替most。 例如：I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year. 去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了。 I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。另外，还需要注意以下几点：(3)most of 后跟人称代词时，应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。 例如：Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week. 他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。(4)most 前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。 例如：This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。 但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。例如： She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。随时练【考例】What a _beautiful girl she is!A. some B. most C. better D. most of 【答案与解析】本题应选B。本题的意思是“她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!”。 如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。3. But my mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想让我喝它1） 本句中me作动词want的宾语，to drink 应用来补充说明me，即 want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事。 例如：I want him to help me.我想让他帮助我。2） want还经常直接跟物作宾语，表示“想要某物”或直接跟不定式，表示“想要做某事”。例如：I want a dress.我想要一件新衣服。I want to eat an apple.我想吃个苹果。3） 除want常用不定式做宾补外，其他常用于此结构的动词还用：tell, ask, invite, get等。其肯定形式为：tell / ask / invite / get sb. to do sth.告诉/请求/邀请/让某人做某事。例如：We invited him to attend our meeting yesterday. 昨天我们邀请了他出席我们的会议。 其否定形式需在 to do sth. 前加 not 构成： tell / ask / get sb. not to do sth. 告诉/请/让某人不要做某事例如：I have told him not to play CDs so loud.我已经告诉他不要把CD的声音放的那么大。拓展在感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let、make、have等词后,动词不定式作宾补，要省略to。例如：We felt the house shake. 我们感到房子在摇动。Let him do it. 让他做吧。随时练【考例】His mother wants him _five hours every day.A. learns B. learned C. to learn D. learning 【答案与解析】本题应选C。本题的意思是:他妈妈让他每天学习五个小时.句式want sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。4. She says it is good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有益1） be good for意为“对有好处”；其反义词为“be bad for”，意为“对有害”例如：Drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有好处。Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth. 吃太多的糖对牙齿有害。2） health为名词，意为“健康”，其形容形式为healthy，意为“健康的”。在名词词尾加y构成形容词，类似的词还有：rainrainy 雨下雨的 sunsunny 太阳晴朗的 lucklucky 幸运幸运的 windwindy 风刮风的随时练【考例】My _ lifestyle and good food _me to study better .A. healthy， help B. healthy， helps C. health， help D. health， helps 【答案与解析】本题应选A。本题的意思是：健康的生活习惯以及良好的饮食有助我学习更好。第一空作定语，用形容词；第二空受复数主语制约，用动词原型。拓展由be good构成的其他词组(1) be good at. 表示“擅长某一学科知识或某种技能”或“在某方面做的好”，后接名词、代词或v-ing形式。例如：Mary is good at Chinese.玛丽语文学得很好。The twins are good at swimming. 这对双胞胎擅长游泳。(2) be good to. 表示“对友好”，其中good可用friendly代替。例如：All the parents are good to their children. 天下父母都对自己的子女很好。【考例1】Reading in the sun is bad _ your eyes A. to B. for C. at D. of 【答案与解析】本题应选B。本题的意思是：在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。固定词组 be good for 意为“对有益”，be bad for 意为“对有害”。【考例2】吃水果对我们的健康有益 。 翻译：It is _ _ our _to eat fruit.【答案与解析】答案为：good for，health。 It is +adj. +for sb./sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配。5I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我尽量多吃蔬菜）try to do意为“努力去做”。例如：I must try to finish it tonight. 我必须努力今晚把它做完。try作动词，意为“品尝，试，努力”，后面跟名词，代词，不定式或动名词。例如：Have you tried this chocolate?你尝过这种巧克力吗？try后接动词不定式和动名词，其含义不同try doing意为“尝试做”，try to do意为“努力去做”。 例如：I must try to get it finished tonight. 我必须努力今晚把它做完。 Lets try knocking at the back door if nobody hear you at the front door.如果门前没有人听见，就到门后敲门。拓展英语中既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词的动词还有：单词+不定式（to do）+动名词（doing）like/hate/love表示特有的具体行为表示一般性的行为stop停下来去做另外一件事停止做某事go on继续做另外一件事继续做同一件事forget/remember忘记/记着要做的事忘记/记着做过的事try努力做某事试着做某事2） a lot of = lots of 意为“许多”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。例如：He has a lot of homework to do. 他有许多作业要做。 There are a lot of books in our library. 我们图书馆里有许多书。表达数目多少的词中，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，类似的词还有：some, plenty of常用的只可以修饰可数名词的词有：many, few, a few, a number of常用的只可以修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little6So maybe Im not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit. 或许我不是很健康，尽管我有一个健康的习惯。1） maybe 是副词，意思是“可能，也许，大概”。在句中做状语，通常置于句首，也可以在动词之前。例如：Maybe he knows it, maybe he will not.也可能他知道，也可能他不知道。maybe使用的场合：不能确定时； 避免做明确的回答时。例如：Maybe it will rain tomorrow. 明天或许会下雨。- Will you come with us? 要不要和我们一起去？- Maybe. 可能吧。may be是情态动词加动词原形的形式，译成“可能是，也许是”，使用时注意与maybe区分。例如：He may be twenty. = Maybe he is twenty. 他可能是二十岁。2） although表示“虽然但是”，英语与汉语不同，表示“虽然但是”时，although与but只用其中的一个，不能同时出现在句中，例如：Although it was dark, he still went on working. = It was dark, but he still went on working. 虽然天黑了，可是他们还是继续工作。注意：与although类似，引导让步状语从句的词还有：though， even though， although， though和even though 这几个词意思都差不多，都是“虽然”，“即使”的意思，可以互换。其中although较为正式，even though略带强调。写作进行时【例题】假设你是校报记者，你采访了Katrina。下面是你的采访记录，请根据这些信息介绍一下她的生活习惯。ActivitiesHow oftendo homework1.5 hours a daywatch TVhardlysurf the Internetonce a weekread Englishevery dayexerciseevery weekgo to the parktwice or three times a month【写作过程】 1. 审题： 本篇作文要求写采访记录，介绍她的生活习惯用一般现在时，注意要用第三人称单数。2. 列出相关的短语和句子： Name: Katrina，Activities，How often以及表格中所列出的短语。3. 谋篇 灵活运用连词and, but；注意使用句型How often does she watch TV？4. 写作：现在同学可以按照上面的写作过程来写作啦！_.【参考范文】Katrina is one of my good friends. She does her homework 1.5 hours a day. So she hardly watches TV. She and I surf the Internet once a week. She likes reading and reads English every day. We often exercise together. She goes to the park twice or three times a month. She likes the nature. And I do, too.一般现在时本单元语法：一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）一、一般现在时的概念和用法1. 一般现在时是表示现在存在的动作或者状态。 例如：1）He is twelve. 他十二岁。 2）They are at home. 他们在家。2. 一般现在时还可以表示经常发生的动作或者习惯性的动作。 例如：1）We often go to school on foot. 我们经常步行去上学。 2）They usually do their homework at school. 他们通常在学校做家庭作业。3. 一般现在时还可以说明主语的性质、能力和特点。经常是用be形容词结构。 例如：1）My bike is black. 我的自行车是黑色的。 2）Your brother is very playful. 你弟弟非常顽皮。二、一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用，如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。例如：1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.三、一般现在时常和一些时间表达法连用一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。1. Do they have math in the morning?2. She sleeps nine hours every night.3. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.4. They dont have classes on Sundays. 语法专练1. - How often _ she exercise? - Twice a week.A. do B. does C. doingD. did【答案与解析】B。本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。在疑问句或否定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时，主动词用does, 因此，答案为B。2. I _ like to drink milk.A. not B. doesnt C. dont D. no【答案与解析】C。本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。因为 I 不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为C。3. Good food and exercise _ me to study better.A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help【答案与解析】A。此题为判断和理解型试题， Good food and exercise 是两项事物，因此主语不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为 A。4. Is her lifestyle the same _ yours or different?A. as B. in C. at D. to【答案与解析】A。本题考查固定短语 the same as 的用法，答案为A。5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a bookB. a rulerC. an egg D. a sofa 【答案与解析】C。本题考查辨认食品类单词，只有egg是食品，故答案为C。6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoe C. table D. bike【答案与解析】A。本题考查动词be的用法，但考察方法与前面第小题不同。根据题中的are来判定应该用名词复数。故答案为A。7. Tennis _ my favourite sport.A. are B. is C. am D. be【答案与解析】B。本题考查动词be的用法，虽然tennis是以-s结尾，但是，它是单数名词，因此，答案为B。8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets.A. have B. play C. plays D. has【答案与解析】D。本题考查动词have, has的用法，由于Jim 是第三人称单数，所以，答案为D。9. - Lets play computer games. - That _ interesting.A. looks B. sounds C. listens D. reads【答案与解析】B。本题考查交际用语“That sounds interesting.”的使用，因此，答案为B。10. My father likes football. But he _ it. He only _ football matches on TV!A. plays, watches B. play, watchC. doesnt play, watches D. plays, doesnt watch 【答案与解析】C。本题考查一般现在时的用法，首先根据题中My father likes football.和But的提示，判定第一个空应选择doesnt play，又根据on TV而得到答案watches，故答案为C。Unit 2 Whats the matter?撰稿：张佃金 审稿：夏芳莲 审编：杭海目标认知重点词汇1. matter n. 事情， 问题， 差错 2. backn.后背，背脊3. foot（pl. feet） n. 脚，足 4. neck n. 脖子，颈部 5. stomach n. 胃，胃部 6. tooth n.牙齿 (pl. teeth) 7. stomachache n. 胃痛，腹痛，肚子痛 8. soreadj.疼痛的 9. throat n. 喉头，喉咙 10. toothachen.牙痛 11. fevern. 发烧 12. lie (lay, lain) v. 躺，卧，平放在某处13. dentist n. 牙医 14. illness n. 疾病，生病 (adj. ill)15. advice n (u). 劝告，忠告，建议 16. thirsty adj. 渴的，口渴的17. balance n. 平衡；协调 (adj. balanced) 18. beef n(u). 牛肉19. energy n.精力，活力，能力 20. life n. 生命 (pl. lives)，人生，生活21. diet n. 饮食，节食 22. improve v.改善，改良，提高23. headachen.头痛24. important adj.重要的，重大的 25. stress n. 压力 (adj. stressed)26. tradition n. 传统 (adj. traditional)27. medicine n. 药 28. angry adj. 生气 (adv. angrily)重点词组及句型1. have a cold 患感冒 2. (be) stressed out紧张的，有压力的3. get tired 感觉疲惫 4. stay healthy（keep healthy） 保持健康5. at the moment (now) 此刻，现在 6. on the other hand另一方面7. get a cold患感冒 8. see a dentist看牙医9. have a sore throat嗓子痛 10. have a fever发烧，发热11. have a toothache 牙痛 12. have a sore back 背痛13. have a headache头痛 14. a few 有些，几个，少数15. balanced diet均衡的饮食 16. for example 例如17. Whats the matter? 怎么了？ 18. I have a headache. 我头疼。 19. You should go to bed. 你应该上床了。20. Thats a good idea. 那倒是个好主意。 21. That sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。22. I have a sore back. 我后背疼。23. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快会感觉好些。24. Thats too bad. 太糟了。 25. He has a stomachache. 他胃疼。 26. He shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours. 他24小时内不应该吃任何东西。 27. She has a toothache. 她牙疼。 28. She should see a dentist. 她应该去看牙医。29. Im not feeling well. 我感觉不好。 日常用语1. Whats wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了？2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样?3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样有多久了?4. I dont feel very well. / Im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。5.I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。6. I dont feel like eating anything.我什么都不想吃.7. Open your mouth and say “Ah-”.张嘴说“啊-”。8. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温。9. Theres nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题。10. Youd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床几天。11.I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就会好起来。12. Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片，每天两次。精讲巧练1. - Whats the matter? 怎么了？ - I have a headache. 我头疼。该句多用于询问对方的身体状况，也是医生询问病人病情的常用语。句中的冠词不可以省略。该句与Whats wrong (with you)? Whats your trouble? What happens to you? 以及 Is there anything wrong with you? 同义。随时练【考例】 “What_the matter?” “_.”A. are, I have a cold B. is, I have a cold C. are I have got cold D.is, I have cold【答案与解析】本题应选B。 Whats the matter？（口语）怎么了？ have a cold 固定短语，“患感冒”。故选 B。拓展1）问某人哪儿不舒服1.Whats wrong (with you)? 2.Whats the matter (with you)?3.Whats your trouble?4. What happens to you?5. (Is there) anything wrong with you? 表示“你怎么了”。2）叙述病情1. There is something wrong with my tooth. 我的牙出问题了。2. Doctor, Im not feeling well. 我感觉不好，医生。3. I feel terrible. 我感觉糟透了。4. I feel very ill. 我感觉病得很重。5. This place hurts. (Ive got a pain here.) 这个地方疼。6. My leg hurts. 我腿疼。7. I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。8. I have a cold. 我感冒了。 I have a fever. 我发烧了。 I have a headache. 我头疼。3）处置或提出建议1. Open your mouth, please. 张开嘴。2. I want to take your temperature. 我想测测你的体温。3. Take this medicine three times a day. 这个药一天吃三次。4. Take three pil