大学英语四级真题第三套答案.pdf

2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 102 页 共 120 页 2017 年年 6 月大学英语四级真题试月大学英语四级真题试卷三详细参考答案卷三详细参考答案 Part IWriting(30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 【解析】【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在 25 分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四 级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在 20 分钟内完成 一篇不少于 120 词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议： 一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲 劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能 提高作文的分数； 二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段 详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般 4-6 句话阐述完毕，第 三段总结正文部分，回归主题。 三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。 四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。 【参考作文】【参考作文】 Advertisement Im Li Hua, a senior student who is about to graduate and leave the campus, so I have three used course books about English learning to sell at a fairly low price! These books could be beneficial to anyone who decides to buy them. First, the books provide many practical skills on the following three aspects of English learning: how to improve listening, speaking and writing. Second, the books are still well-maintained with seemingly brand new covers. Third, each book contains a delicate bookmark with the writers signature as a souvenir! If you are interested in my book, please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions. I 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 103 页 共 120 页 can be reached at phone 87654321. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes) 说明说明：2017 年年 6 月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第本套的听力内容与第二二套套 相同相同，因此因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。本套听力部分不再重复给出。 Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) SectionA Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_ called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the bodys chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements （28)_. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的）(30)_ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂） without, during 3 hours of (31)_ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_ their ability to 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 104 页 共 120 页 capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡答题卡 2 上作答。 解析: 做选词填空题 第一步：将所选词进行动词，名词，形容词，副词分类 第二步：通读全文，了解大意，并根据空缺确定词性，从相应的词中寻找，不确定的空可以先不填 第三步：完成第二步后将剩余的空填完 第四步：检测，快速通读全文，检查错误 【杀掉拦路虎】【杀掉拦路虎】 1. dose dus n. 剂量，药量;（药的）一服，一剂;（处罚等）一回， 一次，一番;（酒中的）配料，增味剂; vi. 服药; vt. 给药;给服药;把（药等）配分剂量;在（酒）中加 料 2. capture kpt vt. 俘获;夺取;夺得;引起（注意、想像、兴趣）; n. 捕获;占领;捕获物;计算机捕捉 3. equivalent ikwivlnt adj. 相等的，相当的，等效的;等价的，等积的;化学 当量的; n. 对等物;化学当量 4. reverse riv:s vt.（使）颠倒;掉换，交换;法撤消， 推翻; vi. 倒退;桥牌逆叫; adj. 反面的;颠倒的;倒开的;生倒卷的; n. 倒转，反向;机回动;倒退;失败 5. display displei n. 展览，陈列;陈列品，展览品;显示器;炫耀; vt. 显示;陈列;展开，伸展;夸示，炫耀; vi. （计算机屏幕上）显示 6. marathon mrn n.体 马拉松赛跑；长距离比赛；需要长时间努力或耐 力的事件或活动 adj.需要极大持久力的 vi.参加马拉松比赛 B)cautiously adv. 谨慎地，小心地 B) commit v.犯错， 承诺 C) control v.控制D) cycling n.骑自 行车 E) effectively adv. 有效地 F)increased adj.增 加的 G) involved v.涉 及，参与 H) limited v.限制 I) phenomenon n. 现象 J) preventing v.阻 止 K) sensitive adj.敏 感的 L) slowing v.减慢 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 105 页 共 120 页 M) solution n.解决 方法,溶液 N) sufficient adj. 足够多的，足以 O) vigorous adj.强 有力的 26.【答案】O) vigorous adj.强有力的 【解析】 During (26)_ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. 本空应填形容词，在_ 锻炼期间，当然烧完燃料并制造出废物后，我们的肌肉就 会疲劳， 一般， 我们的肌肉是不疲劳了， 可见这是一种高强度的锻炼。 故正确答案为 O) vigorous adj. 强有力的。 27.【答案】I) phenomenon n.现象 【解析】 Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_ called “central fatigue,”本空前面 是冠词 a 后面缺一个名词，并且这个名词是单数可数的，再结合给出的选项，D) cycling n.骑自行 车，I) phenomenon n.现象，M) solution n.解决方法，D 选项排除选项排除，根据上下文内容根据上下文内容，M 选项排除选项排除，故正确答案 为 I) phenomenon n.现象。 28.【答案】E) effectively adv.有效地 【解析】由 in which an imbalance in the bodys chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_. 可知：本句话是一个完整的句子，因此空后 应填写一个副词，再结合选项 Acautiously adv.谨慎地，小心地，E) effectively adv.有效地，根据句意根据句意. 从直接从直接_肌肉引动肌肉引动,填写填写E) effectively adv.有效地，最恰当。故正确答案为 E 选项。 29.【答案】G) involved v.涉及，参与 【解析】whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _inthe exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. 通读上下文，此处应填写非谓语动词，involved in 固 定搭配，意为参与某事，故正确答案为 G 选项。 30.【答案】M) solution n.解决方法,溶液 【解析】researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的）(30)_ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)，由前面的 a，可知，后面缺一个名词，再根据句意研究人 员给十一名志愿骑行者一种带有限制剂量咖啡因的碳水化合物的_ 。 ， 再结合给出的选项 D) cycling n.骑自行车，M) solution n.解决方法,溶液，排除 d 选项，故正确答案为 M 选项，此处考察 同学们的单词掌握程度。 31.【答案】D) cycling n.骑自行车 【解析】 during 3 hours of (31)_ . ，本空介词之后，应填一个名词，根据上下文内容根据上下文内容，可知 本空应填写 D) cycling n.骑自行车。即在三个小时的骑行时间里。正确答案为 J 选项。 32.【答案】C) control v.控制 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 106 页 共 120 页 【解析】the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_ their visual system.本空前有 could ， 空后是宾语， 因此应填写动词原型， 根据句意， 科学家想弄明白他们的大脑是如何控制视觉系统的。故正确答案为 C 选项。 33.【答案】J 【解析】 The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_ their ability to capture new visual information. 本空前句子完整，空后中心词为 ability， 本空应填动词的现代分词，只有两个选项 J) preventing v.阻止，L) slowing v.减慢，而能与 ability 搭 配的只有 J) preventing 故正确答案为 J 选项。 34.【答案】N) sufficient adj.足够多的，足以 【解析】由The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_ to reverse this effect, ，可知本空前是 was ，空后 是 to，按语法结构来讲，应填写形容词或者非谓语动词， 根据句意可知，咖啡因相当于两杯浓咖啡，_扭转这种效果。结合给出的选形容词，填写 N) sufficient adj.足够多的，足以最为合适。故正确答案为 N 选项。 35.【答案】F)increased adj.增加的 【解析】 with some cyclists even displaying (35)_ eye movement speeds. ，本控动宾关系 明确，此处应填写形容词修饰后面的名词 eye movement speeds，根据句意，有些骑手甚至显示出 眼睛移动速度_ 此处填写 F)increased adj.增加的，最合适。故正确答案为 F 选项。 Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Team spirit A Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. 【41】But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 107 页 共 120 页 suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams. B Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. 【38】Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制等级体制). C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility ( 灵 活 性 ).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions (过渡)，not competitors. 【45】 Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to coordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups. D The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality (专业)and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams General Stanley McChrystal describes how the armys hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war.【37】 His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams. E A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, Teams are not always the answerteams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.”【43】 The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary. But dont count on it.” F Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 108 页 共 120 页 motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. 【42】If it is hard enough to define a teams membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still. G Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage.【40】 Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: Americas National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crews first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them. H The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism (感情用事)： 【36】the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazons boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” (离 经叛道者）who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others. I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, 【44】finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their workwhich may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others. J However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. 【39】 Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distractionemployees routinely complain that they cant get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual. 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 109 页 共 120 页 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡答题卡 2 上作答。 解析: 做段落匹配题，由于时间限制，需要快速阅读，大眼一看，就得得出答案，否则将影响后后 面的写作。 第一步：仔细阅读给出的选项 36-45， 第二步：带着问题读一段文章，结合给出的选项做出选择，找不到的先放到一边，接着读下一段。 第三步：完成第二步后将剩余的没有匹配的题目 第四步：如果有时间的话可以检测一下，看有没有错误 【杀掉拦路虎】【杀掉拦路虎】 1. Recruitment rkru:tmnt n.征募新兵；补充；募集 2. routinely ru:ti:nl adv.例行公事地；常规地，惯常地；老一套地 3. civilization sivilaizein n. 文明，文化;开化，教化;修养;文明社会 4. executive izekjutiv n. 总经理;行政部门;计算机执行指令; adj. 执行的;管理的;政府部门的 5. restructuring ri:strktr v.重建，改建，重组( restructure 的现在分词 ) 6. conventional knvennl adj. 传统的;习用的，平常的;依照惯例的;约定的 7. functional fknl adj.功能的；数函数的；有多种用途的；机能性 8. employee emplii: n. 雇工，雇员，职工 9. disciplinary dsplnri adj.纪律的；训练的；惩罚的 10. affair f n. 事情，事件;事务;个人的事，私事;风流韵事 11. innovation nuvein n. 改革，创新;新观念;新发明;新设施 12. Digital diditl adj. 数字的;数据的;手指的;指状的; n. 手指;（钢琴等的）琴键;数字 13. hierarchy har:ki n.计分层，层次；等级制度；统治集团；天使的级 别或等级 14. nursery school n:sri sku:l n.幼儿园；托儿所 15. onwards nwdz adv.向前 16. Decentralisation di:sentrlazen n.分散 17. authority :riti n. 权威;权力;学术权威;复数当权者 18. military militri adj. 军事的;军用的;讨厌的;好战的; n. 军人;军队;武装力量 19. corporate k:prt adj.法人的，团体的，社团的；公司的，总体国家的； 古团结的；共同的，全体的 20. Clinic klinik n. 诊所，门诊部;特殊病例分析;临床讲授;临床实习 课 21. consultant knsltnt n.（受人咨询的）顾问；会诊医生， （顾问）医生；求 教者， （与人）商议者，征求意见者，查阅者，咨询者 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 110 页 共 120 页 22. collaborate klbret vi. 合作，协作;（国家间的）协调，提携;勾结，通 敌 23. speciality speiliti n. 专业，专长;特性;特制品;英同 specialty 24. hierarchical structure hair:kikl strkt 层次结构，分级结构；递阶结构 25. hinder hnd(r) vt.（手套的）拇指部份; vi. 翘起拇指请求搭乘 （过路汽车） ， 示意请求搭便车; 翻阅; vt. 翻阅;作搭车手势;用拇指翻脏翻坏（书页等） 29. bandwagon bndwgn n.时尚，浪潮；音乐乐队彩车；非正式用语 引导 车；非正式用语潮流 30. insight insait n. 洞察力，洞悉;直觉，眼光;领悟;顿悟 31. generate denreit vt. 形成，造成;产生物理反应;产生（后代）;引起 32. motivation mtven n.动机；动力；诱因 33. chip away tip wei 拆掉，削掉，铲除；凿敲下碎片；蚕食；逐步瓦解 34. collaboration klbren n.合作，协作；通敌，勾结 35. High-flyer hai flai n.抱负极高的人，有野心的人 36. empower mpa(r) vt.授权；准许；使能够；使控制局势 37. Profound prfaund adj. 深厚的;意义深远的;严重的;知识渊博的; n. 诗深海，大洋;深渊;（灵魂）深处 38. tricky trki adj.狡猾的； （形势、工作等）复杂的；机警的；微妙 的 39. proportion prp:n n. 比，比率;数学比例（法）;面积;相称，平衡; vt. 使成比例;使相称;使均衡 40. contractor kntrkt(r) n.订约人，承包人；收缩物 41. incident insidnt n. 事件，事变;小插曲;敌对行动;骚乱; adj. 法附带的;光入射的;易有的，附随的 42. disband dsbnd vt.（使）解散，散伙；解体；遣散 vi.解散；遣散 43. rid rid vt. 使摆脱，解除，免除 44. inclusive inklu:siv adj. 包括的， 包罗广泛的;包括的;一切开支包括在 内的;（语言使用上）不分男女的 45. dysfunction dsfkn n.机能障碍，机能失调 46. immunize mjunaz vt.使免疫；使免除 47. engaged ngedd adj.（指厕所等）有人用的；已订婚的； （指电话）占 线的；忙碌的 2017 年 6 月大学英语四级 CET4 卷一真题试题(完整版)第 111 页 共 120 页 v.与某人订婚；保证，约定；从事( engage 的过去式 和过去分词)；吸引或引起（注意、兴趣等） 48. hotbed htbed n.（坏事、暴力等的）温床 49. Loosely lu:sl adv. 松散的，蓬松的;轻易，轻松地，随手地，随意 地;大意，粗略地，不严格的;无力地，软绵绵地 50. compelled kmpeld v.强迫，使不得不( compel 的过去式和过去分词 )； 引起反应 46. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action. 【答案】H 【解析】关键词 leaders，根据【36】the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. 可以定位到 H 段 因此本题的正确答案为 H 选项 47. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations. 【答案】D 【解析】关键词 Decentralisation of authority，由【37】His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.可以定位到可以定位到 D 段段因此 本题的正确答案为 D 选项 48. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams. 【答案】B 【解析】 关键词为 a network of teams， 【38】 Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on