2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Computers Section Ⅲ Grammar课件 新人教版必修2.ppt

SectionGrammar,一,二,一、阅读下列句子,选出含有被动结构的句子1.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001.2.Thesadtruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.3.Ihaveneverbeenabletolookatasnailsincethen.4.Hehasgonehome,becausehepromisedthathewouldvisithismom.5.Hehasbeenalwaystalkingwithhisgirlfriend.6.Hehasbeenbeatenbyhisfather.7.Wehavebeentoldnottostareatastranger.8.ShehasgonetoGuangzhou.9.Myhomeworkhasbeendonealready.10.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbytheyoungworkers.,含有被动的句子:答案:1,2,6,7,9,10,一,二,二、请用现在完成时翻译下列句子1.我的朋友买了一辆新车。2.一种不知名的病毒进攻了我的电脑。3.我们还没有解决那些问题。4.你完成工作了吗?5.我没有见过你的书。,答案:Myfriendhasboughtanewcar.,答案:Anunknownvirushasattackedmyputer.,答案:Wehaventsolvedthoseproblems.,答案:Haveyoufinishedthework?,答案:Ihaventseenyourbook.,现在完成时的被动语态语法图解,1.现在完成时的被动语态主要有以下几个方面的意义:(1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,而且这个动作是被动的。单句语法填空(2018全国)Theirefforts(prove)fruitful.答案:havebeenproven,(2)表示在过去发生的,一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong.?”句型中。单句语法填空(2017全国)Since1958,they(recognize)asthenationaltheatreofIsrael.答案:havebeenrecognized(3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.作业一做完你就可以回家。,2.使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题:(1)在现在完成时的被动语态中,have/has和been缺一不可。阅读下列句子,指出哪些句子是现在完成时的被动语态。TheputerwasboughtlastSunday.(2017天津)IfeelthatIvebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.(2018江苏)Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.现在完成时的被动语态的句子答案:,(2)注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的结果或影响。翻译句子Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,即:修好了。)翻译答案:这台机器已经修好了。Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天。)翻译答案:这台机器昨天被修理了。,(4)有些动词如finish,buy,start,begin等,表示的动作很短暂,我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for,since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于“Howlong.?”句型中。翻译句子11那项工作已经开始。答案:Thatjob/workhasbeenstarted.,(3)不可与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday,threedaysago,in1970,in2050等),但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already,yet,just,often,recently,inthepastfewyears等)。单句语法填空Inthepastfewyears,manytallbuildings(build)inthisarea.答案:havebeenbuilt,(5)带有双宾语的动词,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语。变式训练12主动语态Ihavegivenhimthebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态1答案:Hehasbeengiventhebook(byme).被动语态2答案:Thebookhasbeengiventohim(byme).,(6)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,应将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保留。主动语态中省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的,被动语态中要还原to。13主动语态Ihaveaskedhimtohelpyou.(改为被动语态)被动语态答案:Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou(byme).14主动语态Ihavemadehimworkhard.(改为被动语态)被动语态答案:Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).,(7)短语动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有:a.动词+介词lookafter,callon,relyon,lookfor,lookat,listento,dreamof,meetwith,laughat,resultin,waitfor,dowith,dealwith,operateon,referto,thinkof等b.动词+名词+介词payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,keepaneyeon,makefunof,catchsightof,setfireto,takeholdof,takenoteof,takecareof等c.动词+副词turnon,turnoff,turnout,carryon,carryout,thinkover,makeup,setup,putdown,handin,pointout,callup等,变式训练15主动语态Hehasreferredtothebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态答案:Thebookhasbeenreferredto(byhim).16主动语态Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.(改为被动语态)被动语态答案:Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).,(8)现在完成时的主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几个问题:a.有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如:breakout,belongto,arrive,die,bee,disappear,takeplace,happen等。单句改错17Awarbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenbrokenout.答案:去掉been18Asyouknow,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcity.答案:去掉been,单句语法填空19Apresenthasbeenboughtmybestfriend.答案:for20Thegifthasbeengivenmybestfriend.答案:to,b.动词get,buy,sing,cook,fetch,make,spare,find等词的现在完成时的主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前常加介词for;其他动词的间接宾语前常加介词to。,c.如果被动结构中强调行为的工具或使用的材料,用介词with;若指明动作的执行者,则用介词by。单句填空21Thetreehasbeencutanaxe.答案:with22Thefloorhasbeensweptsomeone.答案:by,一,二,一、单句语法填空1.Fromtheageofseven,thelittlegirl(praise)forhertalentforsinginganddancing.答案:hasbeenpraised2.Theparty(plan)sincethenewyear.答案:hasbeenplanned3.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey(teach)manytimesontheradio.答案:havebeentaught4.Greatchanges(take)placesincethe1990s.答案:havetaken5.Thesystem(design)togivestudentsquickandeasyaccesstothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.答案:hasbeendesigned,一,二,二、把下列句子中的主动语态改为被动语态1.Thelovingfamilyhasbroughtuptheboy.答案:Theboyhasbeenbroughtupbythelovingfamily.2.ThetwoAustralianshavevisitedthatvillagetwice.答案:ThatvillagehasbeenvisitedtwicebythetwoAustralians.3.Thesoldiershavealreadyplantedsometreesontheriverbank