八年级英语语法专讲2018寒假培优作业.docx

2018寒假英语培优英语语法专讲 时态详解：一般现在时 0011.一般现在时的应用(1)表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes,often,always,usually,seldom，everyday/night/week/month/year,inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,atnight，once a week, 等做状语。如：Heoftenstaysuplate.他常熬夜。Wegohomeeverymonth.我们每月都要回家。IwatchTVatnight.我晚上看电视。(2)表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如：Theearthtravelsroundthesun.地球绕太阳旋转。Treesturngreeninspring.春天树木变绿。Liquidturnsintogaswhenitishotenough.足够热时，液体变为气体。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。(3)现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如：HelivesinBeijingnow.他现在住在北京。Sheisathome.她在家。Theyworkinthatfactory.他们在那家工厂工作。(4)习惯性的爱好或行为。如：Ilikedancingwhileshelikessinging.我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。Wegetupatsix.我们六点起床。Hestudiesveryhard.他学习很刻苦。(5)表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词：come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open等。如：Thetrainarrivesatfivepasteightandleavesattenpasteight.火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开。Ourclassbeginsat7:45.我们的课七点四十五开始。Theshopopensateightoclock.商店八点开门。(6)时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。如：Ifyoucome,wewillwaitforyou.如果你来，我们就等你。Whenhegetshere,theworkwillbefinished.当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。Thoughhedisagreeswithus,hewilldoaswedecided.尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做。2.一般现在时对谓语动词的要求当主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数时，动词(除be第一人称单数用am外)用原形。当主语为第三人称单数时，动词须用第三人称单数形式。即：(1)动词be为is；have为has。(2)动词后面一般加s。如：playplays,workworks,saysays,loveloves.(3)在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，改y为i再加es。如：studystudies,satisfysatisfies,flyflies.(4)在以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词后面加es。如：fixfixes,finishfinishes,watchwatches,dodoes,gogoes.3. 一般现在时的否定，疑问，肯定回答，否定回答；/ am/is/are +not; dont/doesnt + 动词原形；/把be动词放于句首； 用助动词do提问，若主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原动词I用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.We often_(play) in the playgound.2.He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What (do) he usually (do) after school?5.Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art an school.6.Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8._ Mike_(read) English every day?9.How many lessons _your classmate_(have) on Monday?10.What time _his mother_(do) the housework?13. My aunt often_(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always_ (do) your homework well.16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.20. What day _ (be) it today? Its Saturday.21. He often _(have) dinner at home.26. What they often (do) on Saturdays?27. Your parents (read) newspapers every day?28. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.29. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.34.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?36. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.37.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.38. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?39.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?翻译：1.人人生来平等。_2.人人都会受伤，如何面对他们，取决于我们自己。3.生活不是一场比赛，而是一场旅行。4.如果你够努力，任何事情都可以搞定。5.我们生活的世界充满了美景和希望。一般过去时 0021.一般过去时的应用：(1)表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last year, last month, in 1989, just now, at the age of 16, one day, long long ago, ，the other day, once upon a time如：LiuYingwasinAmericalastyear.刘英去年在美国。Jimrangyoujustnow.吉姆刚才给你打了电话。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：Weoftenwentoutforawalkaftersupper.我们过去常在晚饭后散步。Weusuallyplayedtogether.我们通常一起玩。3.一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1)一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed,offeroffered,weighweighed,destroydestroyed,signsigned.(2)在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked,provideprovided,hatehated,datedated。(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied,flyflied,studystudied.(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned,referreferred,regretregretted,banbanned.4.特别说明有些动词的过去时，如：expect,hope,intend,plan,want等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如：Ihopedtohavebeeninvitedtohisweddingparty.Ihadhopedtobeinvitedtohisweddingceremony.我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。Iintendedtohavejoinedtheirgames.Ihadintendedtojointheirgames.我本打算参加他们的比赛。5.一般过去时疑问句，否定句：was /were + not; didnt + 动词原形；疑问句：was或were放句首；用did提问6. used to do/ would+ 动词原形一、写出下列动词的过去式1.amis _ 2.do _ 3.go _ 4.have _ 5.isnt _ 6. arent _ 7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read _ 10.clean _ 11.live _ 12.study_二、用适当的词完成下列对话1. How was your weekend? It _ great. What _ you _ last weekend ? I _ some homework.2. What _ she _ last weekend? She _ to the beach.3. What _ they do last weekend? They _ to the movies.三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.2.Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday.3._ you _ (go) to the Great Wall last year?4. What day _ (be) it yesterday?5.The old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor.7.We _ (visit) the museum and went home.8. How _ (be) the students? They were very friendly.9.He often _ (have) supper at home. Today he _ (have) supper at school.四、句型转换1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _ _ here last month.2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) _ they _ football this morning?Yes, they _.No, they _ .3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _ _ they _ last year.4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _ Tom _ TV last night?5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子) Mary _ _ _ _ .七、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month. 2.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late. 4.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.6.I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 12. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday? We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 13.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 14.Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 15.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 16.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 17.There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not) 18.There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there? 22.Jack _ (not clean) the room just now. 25.It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside. 26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk. 翻译：仔细体会一般过去时的用法，场合1. 我是2000年搬家到深圳的。2. 从前有个朋友，他患了癌症。3. Tom点点头然后回到了他的座位上。4. 她很惊讶的发现她的狗狗丢了。5. 妈妈很感动地打开了礼物。一般将来时 0031.一般将来时的结构及应用(1)shall/will+动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in three weeks如：Whatshallwedoifhedoesntcome?如果他不来，我们该怎么办？Willyoubefreethisevening?今天晚上有空吗？Ithinkhewilltellusthetruth.我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(2)begoingto+动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：Wearegoingtohaveameetingtodiscussthematterthisevening.今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Lookattheblackcloudsoverthere.Ithinkitisgoingtorainsoon.看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。ThereisgoingtobeanEnglisheveningthisweek.本周要举行一个英语晚会。(3)beaboutto+动词原形，一般和when连用，表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：Dontleave.LiLeiisabouttocome.不要走了，李蕾就要来了。Bequiet.Theconcertisabouttostart.安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。I was about to leave when he came in. 当他进来时我准备离开。4：否定句形式 (1).主语+be(am,is,are)notgoingto+动词原形+.例如:(A):Iamnotgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.明天我不将踢足球.(B).Sheisnot/isntgoingtovisitShanghainextyear.明年她不将参观上海.(2).主语+will/shallnot+动词原形+.(A).Ishallnotgotoschoolthedayaftertomorrow。后天我不将上学了 (B).Iwillnotwritemyhomeworkthisevening.(willnotl=Iwont)今晚我不将写作业3.一般疑问句:(A).Am/Is,Are+主语+goingto+动词原形+.例如(A).-AmIgoingtoseemygrandfathertomorrow?(2).Will/shall+主语+动词原形+.例如(A).-Shallweplayvolleyballnextclass?下一节课我们将打排球吗?-Yes,youwill.是的,你们将 No, you wont.练习题：单选题： 1.There_（be) ameetingtomorrowafternoon.2.Charlie_(not work )herenextmonth.3.He_(be) verybusythisweek,he_（be) freenextweek.5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have11. He _ (give) her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. 12. He _ ( write)to us as soon as he _ (get) there. 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they wont. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch22. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be23. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be24. _ your brother _ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows25. Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? _ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you wont.26. It _ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is27. _ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you 28. Lets go out to play football, shall we? OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming29. It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend30. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to arrive D. is arriving翻译：1.看那些云！快要下雨了。2. 我会更努力努力英语。3.我明天要去上海参加会议。4.我们将在10分钟内出发。5.如果我们每个人过得更环保，我们的世界将会变得越来越好。现在进行时 0041.现在进行时的结构现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。如：ImstudyingatYuCaiSeniorMiddleschool.我在育才中学读书。Heiswritingonthedesk.他再课桌上写字。TheyaretalkingabouttheirvisitingtheGreatWall.他们在谈论游长城的事情。【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：(1)一般在动词后加-ing。如：saysaying,playplaying,thinkthinking,studystudying,teachteaching,blowblowing,buildbuilding.(2)动词若以-e结尾,则去e再加-ing。如：loveloving,makemaking,guideguiding,datedating.(3)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning,regretregretting,planplanning,banbanning.(4)在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lielying,diedying,tietying.(5)在以-ck结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnicpicnicking,panicpanicking.2.现在进行时的应用(1)表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如：Theyareplantingtreesonthemountain.他们在山上植树。Motherispreparingsupperinthekitchen.母亲在厨房做晚饭。(2)有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如：Heisjoiningthearmy.他要参军了。Theyarebuyingthehouse.他们要买那座房子。(3)当现在进行时中有always,forever,constantly,continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:Whyisthebabyalwayscrying?为什么那个老是在哭。Theyarealwayshelpingus.他们总是帮助我们。注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别(1)现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Imreadingastorynow.我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)Ireadstoriesinmysparetime.我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)(2)现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如：Whatareyoudoingthesedays?这几天你在干什么？TheyarelearningEnglishinthesummerholiday.他们暑假在学英语。TheyreadEnglisheveryday.他们每天读英语。TheyplayvolleyballeverySunday.他们每周星期天都打排球。(3)表示短促动作的动词(如jump,knock,beat,pick,skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如：Thegirlsarejumpingoverthere.女孩子们在那边跳。Hisheartisbeatingfast.他的心脏跳得很快。一写出下列动词的现在分词形式。helpcomeswimeatgivefindsitwritetiemakeplaycleancatchwalkriderundrawlistenbegindancewatchsleepseehave二用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Look!Theboy(read)books.2.Thegirls(have)breakfastnow.3.he(clean)theblackboard?No,heisnt.4.Tom(play)footballontheplaygroundatthemoment.5.Listen!They(sing)inthemusicroom.三汉译英。1.我们正在看电视。We_ _TV.2.Tom在图书馆看书。Tom_ _booksinthelibrary.3.康康在操场上打篮球。Kangkangisplayingbasketball_ _ _.4.他此刻正在睡觉。Heissleeping_ _ _.5.玛利亚在做什么？What_Maria_now?6.你在做作业吗？_you_yourhomework?四句型转换。1.Iamrunningontheplayground.(变否定句)I_ _ _ontheplayground.2.Sheisdancinginthegym.(变一般疑问句，并做肯定回答)_ _dancinginthegym？Yes,_ _3.Theyaresleepingatthemoment.(划线部分提问)_ _they_atthemoment?过去进行时 0051.过去进行时的结构过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。如：Iwasdoingmylessonsthen.那时，我在做功课。Wewerecleaningthehouse.我们在打扫房子。2.使用过去进行时应注意的几点(1)过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：HesaidtheywereleavingforBeijingthisafternoon.他说他今天下午要去北京。(2)动词hope,wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldcometojoinus.我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动？(3)过去进行时中有always,forever,continually,constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers.他总是想到人家。3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别(1)过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：Hewaswritinghiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)Hewrotehiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。(3)一般过去时与always,constantly,forever,continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always,constantly,forever,continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。如：Healwaysgotupatsix.他过去总是六点起床。Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他总是一心想到工作。10.Heasked_outside.A.whoaresingingB.whowassingingC.whosingingwasD.whoissinging()11.A:Howdidtheaccidenthappen?B:Youknow,it_difficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseit_.A.was.wasrainingB.ishasrainedC.isisrainingD.willbewillrain()12.She_applesinhergardenwhenI_toseeheryesterday.A.p