备战2018届高考英语纠错笔记系列专题16书面表达含解析.docx

专题16 书面表达易错点1 审题不细，偏离主题1.（2016新课标卷I）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】 Dear Ms Jenkins,I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I dont even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, Im writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful.Yours,Li Hua2. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在传统文化进校园活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以A Day with a Craftsman为题，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件。注意： 词数不少于 60。提示词： 一个面团 a piece of dough面人 dough figurine（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）【错因分析】对于看图作文，考生会由于审题不清，往往纠缠于某幅图中的某个细节而偏离文章的主题。本题考查的细节是手工艺人教大家如何去做这个东西，学生认真聆听，是教与学。第二幅图最重要的点就是学生能不能找到学生认真聆听这个环节，因为老师教一定能看得出来，但是学生能不能写到学生在听，这应该是一个得分点。第三幅图是一个指导。所以，重点在于一对一这样对应的指导关系。最后一幅图是我们在上课的时候会重点讲照相，大家很欢乐，做成一个作品。 所以，除了四幅图的要点之外，重点在于一对一这样对应的指导关系。所以写好这样的作文一定要抓住细节，才能得分。还需要注意时态，词汇不要拼写错误，多用复合句式才能体现出亮点。考生切忌在文章开篇犯低级的语法错误，尤其注意时态、单复数及冠词的正确使用。相比于实用性强的应用文来说，情景作文可以在保证要点齐全的前提下适当增加长难句的使用，如对非谓语、三大从句及连词进行灵活运用。关注句式的多样性及用词的准确性对取得该板块的高分会有更大的保障。本文可分三段来写： 第一段简单介绍故事发生的背景信息；第二段描述图画的内容；第三段对全文进行总结。【参考范文】 Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently.Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited.We hope we can have more activities of this kind!1.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1. 表示歉意；2. 解释原因；3. 另约时间。首段：重述自己做错的事，表示歉意。主体段：说明道歉的具体原因，应尽量详细描述做错事的经过。写信时应该注意在申述理由时要照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。结尾段：再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解。也可以提出补救的办法。【参考范文】Dear Peter,Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to .Hope to hear from you soon.Yours,Li Hua2. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊英语园地写一篇短文，记述你和朋友上周日去北京奥林匹克森林公园（Beijing Olympic Forest Park）游玩时发生的一件事。词数不少于60。_【参考范文】 Last Sunday, I went to Beijing Olympic Forest Park with my friend Chris. As soon as we got there, we were so attracted by the breathtaking scenery that we couldnt help taking many photos to record the beautiful moments. As we walked on, we noticed a kite hanging up on a branch, but its owner, a little boy, was too short to get it down. The boy looked worried and we decided to help him. Unluckily, the kite was also beyond our reach. Then we looked around and found a stick, with which we got the kite down. We gave the kite back to the boy. He was very delighted and thanked us for what we did. We also felt very happy and it made our outing more enjoyable.易错点2 条理不清，内容混乱 请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?要求：（1）作出回答并说出理由；（2）词数不少于60；_【错因分析】本文属于开放性比较强的写作。对考生英语运用能力的要求较高。考生看到此材料时，不能清楚地理解所给出的英文句子的真实含义和言外之意，往往不知如何下笔，没有自己的明确看法，从而导致文章内容极度混乱，条理不清。【参考范文】Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals. As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. If only I could go back and reset my goals. 写作时要注意文章的人称，同时要紧扣要求中的第一点，即做出回答并说明理由。所以回答要明确，理由要鲜明。在保证语言规范的情况下，尽可能地使用高级词汇和特殊句式，并注意长短句的有机结合，使文章表达多样化。如何理解成功，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写篇短文。Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.Sir Winston Churchill 内容要求：1. 你对该引语的理解；2. 你的相关经历；3. 恰当的结尾。 注意：1. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息；3. 词数：120左右。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that_【写作指导】如何理解成功，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语( quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意：1. 结构上：采用三段成文，第一段引出话题，自己对于该引语的理解；第二段写出自己的相关经历；第三段恰当地结尾。2. 时态：自己的相关经历用一般过去时；3. 人称：第一人称；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。易错点3 母语干扰，语法错误 最近你校学生会组织学生开展了一次题目为What is the beauty standard的讨论活动。假如你是学生会主席，请根据下表学生讨论的结果写一份总结材料，并谈谈你的看法。学生观点理由好脸蛋就是一封介绍信在社交、竞争、求职等方面作用大漂亮不能当饭吃追求外在美而放弃内在美不是真正的美注意： 1.词数100左右，标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：求职介绍信recommendationWhat is the beauty standard?Whatdoesbeautyreallymean?Everybodyhashisown definition._【参考答案】 Some students think that a good face is a letter of recommendation. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication, competition, finding jobs and so on. Not only can it help you become more confident, but also it helps you be impressed. Physical beauty is likely to draw much attention. Others, however, hold the idea that good appearance will buy no beef. Inner beauty is more important. A beautiful person is not the one with good looks, but the one with a broad and kind heart. In my opinion, the standard of beauty changes with societies, cultures and nations. Some hold the point that good appearance is of great importance, which is visible to all. Others have the idea that inner beauty is the loveliest one, which lasts long. However different they might be, their opinions are all acceptable. 对于此类错误，考生要清楚：扎实的语言基础知识是好的书面表达高分的必要条件。平时要注意积累词汇，尤其是考试大纲中要求考生掌握的词汇。同时要注意灵活运用所学语法知识，尤其是英语中一些句型和结构，要注意辨析其与汉语之间的差异，特别是要掌握五种简单的基本句子结构。假设你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑，请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教Mr. Mark 申请这一职位。要点包括：职位要求1.有很强的英语表达能力；2.关心时事。个人优势1.有做记者的经历，沟通能力强；2.父亲是一位专职编辑,深受其影响；3.注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Mark,Im writing to apply to be an English editor of the broadcasting station of our school, which I am wild about all the time.Im qualified for the position based on the following reasons. First, I meet your requirements for the position well. That is, I have a good command of English communication skills. Besides, I am concerned a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism. Second, I was a part-time reporter when I was in junior middle school, which developed my communication and interpersonal skills. In addition, my father is a professional editor, by whom I was deeply influenced from an early age and from whom I learned a lot. Therefore, I am eager to get the position and I really hope I will be given the honor to be one of you.Looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you!Yours sincerely,Li Hua易错点4 逻辑混乱，表达不当 假定你是李华，你校英文报外国文化栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1.栏目介绍；2.稿件内容；3.稿件长度：约400词汇；4.交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯的；3.开头语已为你写好。【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息要求给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，内容是美国节日风俗和中学生生活。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：首先，简单介绍校英文报栏目的情况。2、建议Peter介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活。3、稿件的要求及时间。写作时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。【参考范文】DearPeter， IdliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschoolsEnglishnewspaper.TheForeignCulturessectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.WouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourpartoftheUnitedStates?AndwewouldespeciallywelcomearticlesabouthowAmericansspendtheirholidaysandfestivals,andthelifeofAmericanhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasitsinterestingandinformative. 400wordswouldbefine. CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua 假如你是李华。某国际学生杂志邀请你在国际交换生项目专栏中分享你作为国际交换生的经历。请给该栏目编辑写封邮件，内容包括：1.遭遇的困难；2.问题的解决；3.你的感想。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear editor,Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme._Yours,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear editor,Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme. Before I went, I was quite proud of my English, but everyone in England spoke so fast that I couldnt make out what they were saying. Being in a completely different culture was scaring and I even wanted to go straight back home.However, things soon got better and better. The homestay family was very kind, and, fortunately, the boy that I was staying with was keen on football, which made my stay more enjoyable and stress-free. Besides, I developed an interest in English cooking and I ate pasta and international food just as I do at home!Being an exchange student offers me a chance to improve my English and to learn about the foreign culture and people. The best part of all is knowing that I could cope, even in such a difficult situation.Yours,Li Hua书面表达是历年高考英语的重头戏之一，它旨在考查学生的英语表达能力，即运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能，以书面语言形式进行思想交流的能力。如何写好书面表达除了要求基本功要扎实、平时多背多练以外，还要注意以下八点： 一、注意审清题目要求 有的学生写作文没耐心，审题时只扫一眼题目，不细审就急于下笔，结果离题甚远。其实书面表达一般属控制性写作，都提供文章的文体、人物的身份、事情发生的时间、地点、文章的主旨，这些都为写作提供了依据。所以动笔之前，一定要花上几分钟，仔细审题，力求做到全面、准确地把握题目所提供的内容、时间、人物、环境、地点、体裁等信息。 二、注意用合理的体裁、题材 写作前，首先要弄清文章的体裁，才能考虑用何种语言、语气。而且，恰当的体裁也无疑会给批阅者留下好的印象。所以动笔之前，一定要审清文章的体裁和题材。一般说来，书面表达题材与现实生活息息相关。如交友信、询问信、介绍人物、事情、场所、保护环境、爱护动物等，这些学生都比较熟悉。书面表达常碰到的体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文、记叙文、说明文多用书面语，而应用文多用口头语。各种体裁又都有自己的格式。如：写信时，要求写信人的地址、时间写在信的右上角；英文便条无须写地址，但要写明时间；口头通知无须注明通知的时间和地点，但开头要加称呼语和提示语，结束要加Thank you.。书面通知要有明确的通知时间、通知人或单位。所有这些都要求学生平时牢记在心。 三、注意正确使用人称 根据评分标准，如果书面表达人称写错，全文要另外扣除分，而每年期末考试各年级试卷统批中，总有一批学生在这方面失分，委实令人惋惜。因此，写作之前，确立人称是审题必不可少的步骤之一。 四、注意掌握中心要点 要点是否写到、写全，是否遗漏内容是书面表达评分标准的一个重要标尺。所以审清了文章的主题、人称以后，接着要考虑文章的内容要点了。如果题目给出了汉语提示和要求，则可仔细从中找出要点；如果是图画、图表则要仔细观察，故事性的则按图画顺序去设计故事发展情节；介绍事、物的作文应注意图画中的箭头、事物、场景及前后对比变化，同时注意图画以外的提示。然后将内容要点一一列出，再用合理的词语、句型连词成句。 五、注意正确合理地使用词语与句型 句子结构的好坏直接影响意义的表达和文章的得分。所以，写作时，学生应尽量确保使用正确的词语与句型。这就要求学生平时要多背多练，有扎实的基础。同时要让学生懂得，如果自己基础较差，则在写作时尽量多用自己熟悉的句型。尽量回避自己不熟悉的单词、句型，用自己有把握的短语、句型，少追求文章的华丽。因为评判一篇文章的好坏，错误的多少是一个重要依据。同时，为使文章主题突出，行文流畅，写作结束后应仔细查看上下文逻辑关系与过渡词使用得是否恰当，尽可能地运用自己已掌握的一些高级词汇、短语或从句，这对提高文章档次是至关重要的。这就要求学生平时注意掌握一些表示并列、递进、转折、因果等的过渡词，如：and, but, however, yet, so, therefore, then, later, meanwhile, whats more等。 六、注意使用正确的时态、语态 根据评分标准，书面表达时态用错全文要扣5分，所以正确使用动词的时态、语态是书面表达的重点。一般说来，记叙文讲的是发生了的事情，应以过去时为主。通知是将要发生的事，以事实为主。说明文、议论文阐明的是事实、论点、论据，以现在时为主。 七、注意正确使用标点符号 英语和汉语的标点符号在形式与使用上有所不同，而英语课本中又没有专门涉及其用法的知识，所以，很多同学在英文写作中极易在标点符号的使用上犯错误。常见的标点错误有以下两方面：（）不会用标点。如一个复合句主从句间不该断句的地方断了句，两个简单句之间该断句却无标点；（）错用标点。第一种，错用顿号和省略号。第二种，错用冒号。汉语中直接引语前某某说之后一律用冒号，但英语中习惯用逗号。第三种，错用书名号。英语中没有书名号，表示书的名称一般用引号。这样即使文章本身没有或只有少量错误，内容也丰富，但仍然要被归入低档篇。因为它让人读起来非常吃力。并且，近两年的高考评分标准中标点误用类错误被视为影响表达的错误。因此，要提升作文的档次，必须规范标点的使用。 八、注意大小写 英语作文如果整篇文章全是小写或放在前面的主句或从句没大写首字母，后面的一句却大写了，这些势必影响文章意义的正确表达，降低了文章的档次，给批阅者也会留下不好的印象。所以，写完文章后一定要仔细审查一遍全文，看看大小写是否使用正确。平时在学习课文或练习中，也应注意大小写的正确使用。 高考书面表达高分秘笈秘笈一：运用高级词汇，彰显强功句式。 高考英语书面表达对在选词和选句部分有较高的要求，尤其是对于想要得到高分的学生，在作文要使用较高级词汇，借以突显作文亮点，展示自己作文特色，同时也是提升作文档次的重要方面。因此针对历年高考书面表达的高频话题考点，给同学们总结了几个重要的话题词汇，希望能熟练掌握。话题一：环境保护Pollution, protect the environment, give off a bad smell, send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air, pour waste water into the river, cut down trees, throw litter, sandstorm, global warming, Greenhouse Effect, live in harmony with, take proper measures to, improve the environment, pose a great threat to, be endangered, die out, become extinct, species, be from bad to worse, spring up like mushrooms, flood into.话题二：中学生的兴趣爱好Spare time, hobby, entertainment, be interested in, have special favor to, be fond of, be keen on, have a taste in, read novels, surf the internet, chat online, collect stamps, doing sports, develop an interest in, play musical instrument.话题三：友谊Make friends with, friendship, friendly, trust each other, righteous, honesty, knowledgeable, standard, precious, be loyal to, keep in touch with, keep company with sb., have a lot in common, share happiness and bitterness with each other, treasure, good-tempered.A friend is a present which you give yourself.A life without a friend is a life without a sun.话题四：劳动、求职与就业Offer service to, heart and soul, physical labor, mental labor, honorable, earn pocket money, part-time job, full-time job, steel ones mind, enlarge ones knowledge, get working experience, apply for, major in, graduate from, degree, scholarship, be skilled in, confident, experienced, perform well in school, leadership, communicative, cooperative, competitive, diligent.话题五：校园文明与安全School rules and regulations, obey, be neatly dressed, respect ones teachers and parents, be on time, keep the environment clean, break the rules, spit, cheat in exam, get in line, punish sb for, its shameful to, library card, student ID, bicycle-permit, be absent from.秘笈二：巧用插入语，点亮量分点。在平时做题时，总会出现不少插入语，尤其在情景交际这部分出现的频率较高，每个插入语都会给整个对话情景增添具体的语言氛围，从插入语中能够判断说话者的语气及态度，而且在写作中若能正确运用这些插入语，会使你的文章表达更地道，从而能使你的文章增色不少。1. whats more更重要的是；更何况；而且You should go to see her, because she misses you, and whats more, she needs your help.你应该去看她，因为她很想念你，更重要的是，她需要你的帮助。He will surely help you, because he is your best friend, and whats more, he is so kind.他肯定会帮你，因为他是你最好的朋友，更何况他的心地又是如此之好。2. besides更何况You can pass the exam, because you study very hard, and besides, you are so clever.你能通过这次考试，因为你学习很认真，更何况你又很聪明。3. whats worse, to make the matter worse, worse still更糟糕的是You cant play computer games too much, because it will do harm to your health. Whats worse, it will waste your time.你不能过分玩电脑游戏，因为它会损害你的身体。更糟糕的是，它会浪费你的时间。4. that is（to say）也就是说，即 He will come on National Day, that is（to say）, October 1st.他国庆节，即十月一日来。5. or rather更确切地说He arrived home late last night, or rather, early this morning.他昨天深夜，更确切地说，今天一大早才回家。6. in other words换言之 You neednt come to work tomorrow, in other words, you are out of work.你明天不用来上班了，换言之，你下岗了。7. believe it or not信不信由你 Believe it or not, he is more than one hundred years old.信不信由你，他已经100多岁了。8. generally speaking, generally, in general一般说来 Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls.一般说来，男孩比女孩更活跃。9. altogether总之She is kind. She is diligent. She is considerate. Altogether she is a good girl.她善良，她勤奋，她善解人意。总之，她是一个好女孩。10. in a word总之This book is very interesting. This book is very instructive. This book is very fashionable. In a word, this book is very good.这本书很有趣，这本书有教育意义，这本书很时尚。总之，这本书很好。11. similarly同样 A machine needs fuel. Similarly, man needs food.机器需要燃料，同样道理，人类需要营养。12. worst of all最糟糕的是It was very dark, and I lost my way. Worst of all, it began to rain.天很暗，我又迷了路，最糟糕的是，天又开始下雨。13. in fact, actually, in reality, as a matter of fact实际上She seems thirty-five, but in fact, she is only thirty.她看起来有三十五岁，但实际上只有三十岁。14. in turn反过来Theory begins with practice and in turn serves practice.理论来源于实践又反过来为实践服务。15. in return做为报答She gave me much help, and in return, I gave her some money.她给我许多帮助，做为报答我给她一些钱。16. above all尤其重要的是，最为重要的是 You cant waste anything, and above all, you cant waste your time.你不能浪费任何东西，尤其不能浪费时间。17. after all意思为毕竟，终究，放在句首时含有别忘了之意，用来表示听话人似乎忘记了某一个重要环节而需要被加以提醒，放在句末时有与预料中的情况相反之意 Let her go alone; after all, she is eighteen, she is no longer a child.让她一个人去吧，毕竟，她十八岁了，不再是一个小孩了。I thought he was sure to die that night, but he lived through after all.我以为他活不过当晚，但他竟然活过来了。18. in ones opinion, in the op