贵阳中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题7形容词和副词精讲试题.docx

专题七形容词和副词第一节形容词和副词辨析,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势 贵阳中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析的选项设置都是同根的形容词和副词，如bad与badly，quick与quickly，hard与hardly等。题目设置均为简单句，多为两个单句，词数一般为1013。另外，完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析，且近三年侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组频度副词词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则偏向形容词或副词的词性转换。 ,贵阳中考重难点突破1形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。(1)作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The beautiful girl is my friend.这个漂亮的女孩是我朋友。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。【注意】有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。(2)作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。(3)作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes open.你必须睁开眼睛。2某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。3副词的作用、构成、分类和位置(1)副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.我们有时候很忙。(2)副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly【注意】有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻；深入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎；将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地(3)副词的分类和位置分类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before前面；ago之前；soon很快；once曾经；以前；at first首先；at last最后；just now刚才；at once立刻；马上频度副词放在行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后twice两次；daily天天；常常；weekly每周；每周一次；every day每天；every week每周；every month每月；always总是；经常；usually经常；often经常；常常；sometimes有时；ever曾经；never从来不地点副词一般放在句尾here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；above上边；behind后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方续表分类位置例词方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前well好地；优质地；badly坏地；劣质地；fast快速地；hard难地；努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；really真正地；safely安全地；slowly缓慢地程度副词放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置quite相当；完全；十分；rather相当；颇；有点；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点；一些；a bit少量；enough足够；hardly几乎不；almost大多数疑问副词通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句关系副词用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句4.形容词和副词辨析(1)形容词词义辨析近几年贵阳中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点，在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。(2)副词词义辨析贵阳中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。(3)形容词和副词混合辨析贵阳中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是贵阳中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。hard adj.坚硬的；难的hardly adv.几乎不如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？most adj.最多的；大多数的mostly adv.主要地；大部分；在大多数场合如：Most of us agreed his plan.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。useful adj.有用的；有益的；有帮助的usefully adv.有用地；有效地如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助你。The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。bad adj.坏的；不好的；严重的badly adv.不好地；很大程度上如：I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。careful adj.仔细的；小心的carefully adv.仔细地；小心地如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。He put the glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。第二节形容词和副词比较等级,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势贵阳中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级的考查较多，且偏向形容词的比较等级及形容词和副词比较等级的混合辨析。选项设置多为同一词根的不同等级混合辨析，且语境的设置都会出现一些提示性词语，如：of all，than，in，much等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为912。,贵阳中考重难点突破形容词、副词比较等级的构成1形容词、副词比较等级的一般变化规则规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er，estsmallsmallersmallestfastfasterfastestquickquickerquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r，stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest续表构成方法原级比较级最高级以辅音字母y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加er，estearlyearlierearliesthappyhappierhappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加er，estredredderreddestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，mostinterestingmore interestingmost interestingimportantmore importantmost important2.常见不规则变化的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest3.形容词、副词的原形、比较级和最高级的用法句型意义例句as形容词/副词原级as两者比较，程度相同。“asas”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as形容词/副词原级a(n)可数名词单数形式asTom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但而且”Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。续表句型意义例句not as(so)形容词/副词原级as两者相比，一方不及另一方This village isnt as(so) big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。形容词(副词)比较级than两者进行比较The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。比较级and比较级越来越，多音节的用more and more形容词或副词原级She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正在变得越来越美。the比较级，the比较级越，越，如果“the比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后The more，the better.越多越好。The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的钱越多，他想要的就越多。具体数字(如倍数)asas是的倍The city is two times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我的家乡的2倍大。具体数字、实物、倍数等比较级than形容词与具体倍数等的比较He is a head taller than I他比我高一个头。This city is three times larger than that one.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。副词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。,贵阳中考题例及解析一、单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1.(2017贵阳中考)Annie decides to work _ harder and get better grades next year.Amany BmuchCvery 【解析】答案为B根据题意，形容词比较级前能用的修饰词为much。( )2.(2016贵阳中考)Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _ Asleep Basleep Csleepy 【解析】 答案为Cfeel后跟形容词，根据题意，昨晚熬夜看球赛，现在感到很困，故选C。( )3.(2015贵阳中考)The Monkey King can make the stick so _ that he can put it into his ear.Ashort Bsmall Clong 【解析】 答案为B词义理解：如此小可把它藏在耳朵里。二、基础知识与运用根据语境或句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1(2017贵阳中考)Jack is talented in sports.He can play basketball as _(good) as his brother. 【解析】答案为 wellasas 中间加形容词或副词的原形。副词修饰play，用good的副词形式well。2(2016贵阳中考)If everyone plays a part in saving the earth，the world will be a _(good) place. 【解析】 答案为better根据题意“如果每个人都保护地球，这个世界就会变得更好”可知用good的比较级better。3(2016贵阳中考)The Big Data Expo was held _(successful) in Guiyang in May，2016. 【解析】答案为successfully根据题意“成功举办大数据博览会”副词修饰hold。,考点抢测第一节一、词语运用1My uncle lost his ID card yesterday._Luckily_(lucky)，a schoolboy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.2Though it was raining _heavily_(heavy)，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.3All of us were _surprised_(surprise)that such a little girl spoke English so well.4Its cool and _sunny_(sun)in autumn in our hometown.二、单项选择( C )5.Its _ to find English difficult sometimes.Dont give up.Astrange BunusualCnormal( C )6.If you are full of love，youll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.Aafraid Bangr