虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡

1 / 10 虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡 虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡 文 /杨丽华 摘 要：归纳总结了学习虚拟语气的三道关卡，并附有实践练习题。 关键词：虚拟语气；语境；难点；特殊句式 虚拟语气一直是一个令高中学生头疼的语法项目，其实，只要迈过其中三道关卡，它就不会那么玄乎了。 一、适用语境关 作为有别于陈述语气的一种特别表达方式，虚拟语气有着自 己特有的适应语境。 1.与事实相反 2 / 10 I were you， I would accept the invitation without hesitation. 2.实现的可能性很小 /几乎没有 eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky. 3.礼貌、委婉语气 eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon. 二 、难点辨析关 1.主从句时间错综式虚拟 eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday，you would feel better now. 例句中，从句指过去，主句指的却是现在。 3 / 10 处理此类题型时的要领是：明确主从句身份、定位主从句谓语动作发生的时间、按照虚拟的表达方式对号入座。又如： Maybe if I had studied science， and no literature then， I would be able to give you more help. 由 if 从句中的 then 可知，从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句则用 would be able to表示对现在的假设。 2.条件隐蔽式虚拟 有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由otherwise， but for， without， or 等来引导。 eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time. I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone 4 / 10 to help him. /would /should might 的选择 这几个词的基本意义有着明显不同： would （ not） （就）会（不会） If he had followed my advice， he wouldn t have lost his job. could （ not） 能（不能） Given more time， the director could have made a better film. should （ not） /Ought （ not） to 该（不该） The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water. might（ not）可能（可能不） 5 / 10 If you hadn t reminded me， I might have forgotten. 当然，在处理具体题目时，除了要准确理解和掌握这几个词的基本用法外，还应充分利用试题所设置的语境具体分析来进行选择。 三、特殊句式记忆关 英语中一般用虚拟需牢记的常见句式： only she had known the answer then. talked as if they had been friends for years though they didn t know each other. d rather I hadn t told you that. is time that we went to school. you followed the doctor s advice， you would be well now. 6 / 10 insisted that he hadn t done anything wrong， and that he （ should） be set free. feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn t forced me to eat so much. 上述七种句式均属虚拟语气考查重点，至于其中的一些共性 的具体变化形式，这里就不赘述了。 实战演练： for his help， I .（ fail） 要不是他帮我，我可能就失败了。 you had worked hard， you tired now.（ be） 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会很累。 7 / 10 Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （ discuss） 约翰逊坚持要求在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。 through the bitter period without your generous help.（ go） 没有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡过那段艰难时期。 I not drunk alcohol last night， I my car home. 如果我昨天晚上没有喝酒，我本能自己开车回家的。（ drive） If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he as fluently as she does. （ speak） 8 / 10 如果小华像我姐姐那样在英国长大，他就能和我姐姐一样说流利的英语。 7.“ My son， why are you so rude？ I would rather I you then.” cried the old lady. （ give） “儿子，你为什么如此粗鲁？我宁愿那个时候没有生你。”那位老太太哭着说道。 talks a lot about Japan as though before.（ be） 他谈了很多有关日本的事，好像他以前去过那儿。 only I your advice! Look， what a mess I have made now！ （ follow） 要是我听从了你的建议就好了！看，我现在弄得 一团糟！ ve been here 24 hours and I think it s time we （ go） 9 / 10 我们已经在这里 24 个小时了，我想我们回家的时间到了。 keys： /could have fai