2019高考英语重难增分篇第一讲时态和语态课件新人教版.ppt

,1运用“7看法”，熟记“4句型”速判动词的时态(1)掌握独特的时间状语标志(7看法),Iusuallygetupatfouroclockeverymorningwhenitsstilldark.我通常每天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。Iwillbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。,(2)熟记固定句型中的时态(4句型)bedoing.when.，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。nosooner.than或hardly.when.，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Itis/hasbeen时间段since.表示“自从以来已经”。主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。This/It/Thatisthefirst/second.timethat.表示“这/那是第一/二次”，后面的句子要用现在完成时。,Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek,isntit?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。,2被动语态的几点说明,(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agreewith，sufferfrom，belongto，consistof等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，eabout，takeplace等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。Thechildrenwillbelookedafterwellhere.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。,(5)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。注意时态语态的用法。IamLiFan，chairmanoftheStudentsUnion.Iam_writing1todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus：litteringandscribbling.Ithas_been_making2ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialwaysfeel_ashamed3wheneverIseethis.Itisclearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Lastweek，thestudentsUnionheld4ameetingtoseeksomesolutionstotheseproblems.Wewere_having5aheateddiscussionwhenourheadmastercameandjoinedus.Afterthe,meeting，theheadmastersaidthattheschoolhadmade6effortstoimprovethissituationandmoredustbinswouldbeplaced7around.Recently，theStudentsUnionhassetup8specificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime，allofusshoulddevelopgoodhabitsandbetterbehaveourselves.Webelievethat，withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents，ourschoolwillbee9amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.,1现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3一般现在时，表示经常性或习惯性动作。4一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(lastweek上周)所发生的动作。5过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。6过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。,7过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。9一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。,.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemotevillage.2Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.3Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.4Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking，”Jane_(inform),broke,results,pushed,wasinformed,5IgotonthebusandfoundaseatnearthebackandthenInoticedamansittingatthefront.He_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.6IllgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI_(do)7ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI_(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.8Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_(produce)allovertheworld.9BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hisson_(graduate)fromcollege.10Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_(wear)eveningdress.,waspretending,amdoing,haveattended,havebeenproduced,hadgraduated,wears,.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1Itisthefirsttimethathetalkedwithhisfatherfacetoface._2Thevaseisntbelongtohim._3Sheinsistedthatsheorganizedthetriponherown._4Inthelasttwentyyears，greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcountry._5Astimegoby，onlineshoppingisbeingmoreandmorepopular._,talkedhastalked,isntdoesnt,organizedorganize,去掉have后的been,gogoes,6Eversincemiddleschool，mysisterWangWeiandIdreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip._7HardlyIsatdownwhenIheardtheshockingnews._8Thebookhastranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973._9Theoldmanishappybecauseheiswelltakencare._10Thenewteachingbuildingwasbuildedlastyear._,在dreamed前加have,在I前加had,在translated前加been,在care后加of,buildedbuilt,.语篇填空(用括号中动词的正确形式填空)Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years？It1._(take)mealmost20yearstohavethecouragetoevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirstquitdrinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoasituationthat，inthepast，2._(start)himdrinkingagain.Forafewyearswewereafraidtobringitupforfearthedrinking3._(begin)again.,“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDadsreplytomy18yearoldunaskedquestion.Andthenhe4._(share)thepoemwithme.Aboutamonthafterthistalkwithmyfather，whenI5._(have)arest，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailyaffirmationswithoneaffirmationlistedforeachdayoftheyear.It6._(be)myexperiencethatwhenyou7._(get)somethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，you8._(turn)tothepagethatlistsyourownbirthday.,IhurriedlyopenedthebooktoNovember10toseewhatwordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthat9._(help)myfatherforalltheseyears！It10._(call)theSerenityPrayer.,【语篇导读】一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了将近二十年的问题：父亲是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上，正好在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。1took从下文“Forafewyearswewereafraidto.”的“were”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。2wouldhavestarted句意：“父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒的情景时，整个家庭就会坐立不安。”从上文“everytimehegotintoa.”的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达的是过去肯定会发生的事情。3wouldbegin从句无谓语动词，且从上文“wewereafraidtobringitupforfear”谓语动词were可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。,4shared本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。5washaving由when引起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓语动词，又从主句的谓语动词received可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，收到礼物，故此处应该填动词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。6hasbeen此句为it引导的形式主语从句，be在主句中作谓语动词；由下文的“myexperience”可知这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。7get由when引起的从句缺少谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件经常发生的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。8willturn由when引起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词get用一般现在时，主句就会用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。,9hadhelped由于主句therebe句式的谓语动词be用过去时，而以thepoem为先行词的定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，故用过去完成时。10iscalled句子无谓语动词，故call应作句子的谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。,第二课时高考研究课,动词的时态和语态在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,“4步法”确定动词的时态和语态第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语：如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。第二步，确定时态：要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。,第三步，确定语态：语态要根据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。,1Steamengines_(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全国卷),真题验证1,wereused此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steamengines和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。,2Later,engineers_(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017全国卷),managed此处讲的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。,areremoved填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是fatandsalt，与remove之间是被动关系，故填areremoved。,3Whenfatandsalt_(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017全国卷),4Sarah_(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2017全国卷),hasbeentold/wastold句意应为“有人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词couldbe此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。,5Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_(e)first.Idontwanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”(2017全国卷),es此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词e应该使用一般现在时。,6Pahlssonandherhusband_(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.(2017浙江卷),searched根据后面的butturnedupnothing可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。,swept戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语thering与动词sweep之间为被动关系，故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。,7Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot_(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017浙江卷),8Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016全国卷),were由前面谓语动词believed,wouldremind等使用过去时，可知此处be动词应使用过去时。,9ItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015全国卷),arrived在句型“bedoing.when.”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中arrive应该使用过去时。,10Thiscycle_(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015全国卷),goes此处谓语动词陈述了一种客观真理。,动词的时态和语态在短文改错中的考查点,3“从”原则1从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。2从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差异。3从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。,规律方法,真题验证2,1Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables！(2017全国卷)_,camees本文整体用一般现在时，描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用es。,2Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructorsorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.(2017全国卷)_,goeswent此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。,hadhave根据时间状语inthepastfewyears可知，本句应用现在完成时。,3.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2017全国卷)_,4.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017全国卷)_,tooktaken由句子结构可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词taken。,5.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbeeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017全国卷)_,beebecame此句中的enter和bee是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。,6However,myparentsdidntseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.(2016全国卷)_,telltold由前句中的时态“didntseem”，可知，后句中的谓语动词应用过去时。,7Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.(2015全国卷)_,tellingtold由并列连词and可知，telling应该和前面的saw为平行的谓语动词，故用told。,8Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(2015全国卷)_,begunbegan由并列连词and可知，begun应该和前面的wasscared为平行的谓语动词；且begun和主语Tony为主动关系，故用began。,9Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybeeaveryseriousproblem.(2015全国卷)_,去掉been根据语境可知，show和主语studies为主动关系。,1我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。(hope,haveahappybirthday)_2我们快一点，火车4点30分开。(leave)_3我在那个小学上过6年学。(study,theprimaryschool,for)_,第三课时写作增分课,时态、语态在写作中的增分点,一、洞察“过去、现在和将来”写对句子,Ihopethathehas/willhaveahappybirthday.,Letshurry.Thetrainleavesat4：30.,Istudiedinthatprimaryschoolforsixyears.,4我不知道你已经出国了。(goabroad)_5如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(beto,akeycollege,excellent)_6像我们班主任这样的人理应受到尊重。(such.as,headteacher,beto,respect)_,Ididntknowyouhadgoneabroad.,Ifyouaretogotoakeycollege,yourEnglishmustbeexcellent.,Suchpeopleasourheadteacheraretoberespected.,二、知晓“何时完成”推敲句子,1我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里呆了一个月。(cousin,gobackhome,stay)_2他2016年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move,live,eversince)_3过去几年中国发展得很快。(developrapidly,pastfewyears)_,Mycousinhasgonebackhome.Hewenthomelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforaweek.,Hestayedhereforamonth.,Hemovedherein2016andhehaslivedhereeversince.,Chinahasdevelopedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.,4他感冒已经快一个星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。(haveacold,catchacold)_5上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visitQingdao)_6到下周末为止，我离开家将有两个月了。(beawayfrom,bytheendof)_,Hehashadacoldforalmostaweek.HecaughtthecoldlastMonday.,HedidntvisitQingdaolastweek,becausehehadbeentherebefore.,Bytheendofnextweek,Iwillhavebeenawayfromhomefortwomonths.,三、善辨“何时进行”优化句子,1我没有听懂我们老师说什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。(catch，thinkabout，somethingelse)_2你不必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。(expensive,cellphone,technology,developrapidly,thenewestmodel,outofdate)_,Ididntcatchwhatourteachersaid,becauseIwasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.,Youneedntbuythatexpensiveacellphone.Astechnologyisdevelopingveryrapidly,eventhenewestmodelwillbeoutofdatesoon.,3既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？(howcan,when,always,playvideogames)_4明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我急不可待地想见到你。(talktogetherhappily,cantwaitto)_5当他从昏迷中醒来之后，他意识到他已在那里躺了很长时间。(eto,realize,lie)_,Howcanyoucatchupwithotherswhenyouarealwaysplayingvideogames?,WellbetalkingtogetherhappilyatthistimetomorrowandIcantwaittoseeyou.,Whenhecameto,herealizedhehadbeenlyingthereforalongtime.,四、巧用“主将从现”写美句子,1只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。(tellthetruth,aslongas,keepittoyourself)_2一旦你到那里，请给我打个电话。(once,givesbacall)_3等到你下次来，我们的新房子将会盖好。你就可以和我们一起住了。(newhouse,plete,bythetime,stay)_,Iwilltellyouthetruthaslongasyoukeepittoyourself.,Onceyougetthere,pleasegivemeacall.,Ournewhousewillhavebeenpletedbythetimeyouenexttime.Thenyou,canstaywithus.,4即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(changeourplan,evenif)_5抓到这个被通缉的人或者提供有价值线索的人将得到一大笔钱。(anyonewho,thewantedman,provideusefulinformation,award,alargesumofmoney)_6你越努力，你的进步就越大。(theharder,thegreaterprogress)_,Wewontchangeourplanevenifitrainstomorrow.,Anyonewhocatchesthewantedmanorprovidesusefulinformationwillbeawarded,alargesumofmoney.,Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.,五、熟用句型“亮”化句子,1我正要离开这时我的手机响了。(beaboutto.when)_2我们正在上语文课，这时门开了，进来一个警察。(haveaChineseclass,when,ine)_3当他们来到的时候，我的作业刚完成，正要去购物。(finish,goshopping,when)_,Iwasabouttoleavewhenmymobilephonerang.,WewerehavingaChineseclasswhenthedooropenedandincameapoliceman.,Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkandwasabouttogoshoppingwhentheyarrived.,4这是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(thefirsttime,amazing)_5那是我第一次见到外国人。我感到很兴奋，就走